Oil
Oil (of oleum; out ??????: 'Olive oil') is one solves, thus hydrophob and/or lipophilically is.
In order to be able to mix oil and water, one needs one Emulsifying agent. Otherwise very fast again two form Phases, the oil phase (, there less closely above) and the water phase. Also is one Emulsion from water and oil, with that itself that sets off above, if it not homogenized is.
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General information
Oil consists of one or more liquid . These differ from hydrocarbons how Alcohols, Ketone and Ether by the notpolarity, of the firm Fats by their chain length and the cross-linking of the single.
The expression "goes doing down like oil" with oil nothing, but designated Beer, compares Øl or Ale.
Groups of oils
Organic oils
Organic oils (rarely also as greases oils ) are designated only by their differentiate. The low melting point results from the insatiated connections contained in the molecule. Therefore also of "satisfied", "insatiated" or "multipleinsatiated" fat/oils one speaks. As healthy the insatiated are considered .
Many in this group serve among other things as Food and become therefore also as Food oils designated (for example Rapeseel oil, Sonnenblumenoel, Thistle oil, Olive oil, Linseed oil, Kuerbiskernoel, Hanfoel).
Animal oils (like z. B. Fischoel or Claw oil) are used more rarely than food. They find however use in that chemical industry (z. B. Lubricating oils, Soap) or in (Lubricants).
Ethereal oils
Ethereal oils if volatile are, "drying" oils so mentioned, which are in different groups of plants (z. B. Zitronenoel).
Mineral oils
Mineral oils come as Oil in the interior of the earth forwards and are hydrocarbon connections. Most of them belong chemically seen to that Alkanes. The naturally occurring Crude oils are however usually contaminated and possess except for few exceptions (oil out as well as admixtures of other connections.
Due to their chemical structure these mineral oils basic material for many connections are that used and in force and Fuel transformed (refined). They place therefore one to the most important Source of energy ours (for example Fuel oil, Diesel oil, Fuel oil). Mineral oils become further also too Lubrication purposes begun, i.e. metallic, to each other induced to hold surfaces in such a way distance that they do not come into direct wear contact (Engine oil).
Volatile, likewise substances won from oil (for example , Kerosene) are not ranked among the oils.
So mentioned Synthetic oils are based on oil raffinates, possess a completely special molecular structure, which does not occur in such a way with the crude oil. Become synthetically manufactured hydrocarbons and Salts added. The acceptance, synthetic oils chemically were manufactured and did not contain exclusively not in that occurring substances, is wrong.
Silicone oils
Silicone oils or also Synthesis oils are based on halforganic Polymere one and Copolymers out - of over 300 °C to be reached. Thermal oil can be made both from synthetic oils and of organic oils.
Applications
- Lubricant: Lubricating oil (for example Engine oil, Transmission oil), Grease
- Fuel/Fuel: Diesel oil, Fuel oil
- Hydraulic oil (Hydraulics (technology))
- Petrochemie (Plastic, various Chemicals, Synthetic fibers, Bitumen)
- Heat distribution medium (Thermal oil)
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