İznik
İznik (Greek Νίκαια, Nikaia; Nicaea , Nicäa , Nikäa or Nizäa ) a city at the İzniksee ( Turkishly İznik Gölu , Greek Ascania) in Turkey is Latin.
Table of contents |
history
the city in small Asia lies in Bithynien, not far from Konstantinopel and the earlier Byzantine emperor residence Nikomedia. Nicäa became of Antigonos I. Monophthalmos as Antigoneia based. Probably around 301 v. Chr. Lysimachos created the city again and designated it after his first Mrs. Nikaia.
Meaning attained Nicäa in late ancient times by the ökumenischen councils held there:
the city was conquered 1080 by the Seldschuken, but back-conquers in the year 1097 by Kreuzritter in the first crusade again, who handed it to the Byzantine realm over.
1204, after conquest Konstantinopels by the cross drivers 4. Crusade, emperor Theodor I. went. There Laskaris after Nicäa in the exile and justified the realm of Nicäa, which continued the Byzantine tradition. With the decay of the Byzantine realm the Greek partial realms of Nikäa, Trapezunt and Epirus as well as latin empire of Konstantinopel developed.
1331 fell Nikäa to the Osmani realm. Under the Osmanen it became the center of ceramic(s) production, sees Iznik commodity.
The well received antique Stadtmauer with its gates, some churches as well as the Roman theatre are to be still visited. Large archaeological museum. The oldest building is the church of the Hagia Sophia from that 4. Century. Here the sieved ökumenische council was held. Orhan I. it converted into a mosque, which is to be visited today still as ruin; therein and. A. Remainders of Fresken and mosaics as well as a priest bank in the form of steps (Synthronon) in the Apsis.
From Istanbul one reaches Iznik fastest over Yalova and Orhangazi, whereby the maritime route is landschaftlich delightful.
literature
general literature
- Katharina petrol thorn: The Islamic İznik. Istanbuler research 13. Berlin 1941.
- Alfons Maria Schneider: The Roman and Byzantine monuments of Iznik Nicaea. Istanbuler research 16. Berlin 1943.
- Reinhold Merkelbach: Nikaia in the Roman Kaiser era. Rheinisch Westfäli Academy of Sciences. Geisteswissenschaften. Lectures, G 289. Opladen 1987. ISBN 3-531-07289-7
- Semavi Eyice: Iznik. Tarihçesi of VE eski eserleri - The history and the monuments OF Iznik Nicaea. Istanbul 1988. (türk. - English)
- Clive Foss: Nicaea, A byzantine capital and its praises. With the speeches OF Theodore Laskaris into praise OF the great town center OF Nicaea and Theodore Metochites Nicene Oration. Brookline, mA 1996. ISBN 0-917653-48-3
- Bedri Yalman: Nicea. in: Enciclopedia dell'arte antica Secondo Suppl. 1971-94 Bd. IV. Rome 1996, S. 8-11.
- Isıl Akbaygil, Halil İnalcık, Oktay Aslanapa (Hrsg.): İznik throughout history. Istanbul 2003. ISBN 975-458-431-1
Stadtmauer
- Alfons Maria Schneider, Walter Karnapp: The Stadtmauer of İznik (Nicaea). Istanbuler research 9. Berlin 1938.
- Clive Foss, David Winfield: Byzantine fortifications. On introduction. Pretoria 1986, S. 79-120. ISBN 0-86981-321-8
Hagia Sophia
- Sabine Möllers: The Hagia Sophia in İznik, Nikaia. Alfter 1994. ISBN 3-929742-32-2
- Michael oldserrate: Considerations to the Synthronos of the Hagia Sophia in Iznik Nikaia. in: Byzantine magazine 92 (1999) S. 448-454.
Koimesiskirche
(1922 destroyed)- Theodor Schmit: The Koimesis church of Nikaia. The building and mosaics. Berlin 1927.
- Oskar Wulff: The Koimesiskirche in Nicäa and their mosaics. Strasbourg 1903.
- Urs Peschlow: New observations for architecture and equipment of the Koimesiskirche in İznik. in: Istanbuler reports 22 (1972) S. 145-187.
inscriptions
- Sencer Şahin: Catalog of the antique inscriptions of the museum of İznik (Nikaia). 2 parts in 4 Bde. Bonn 1979-1987. ISBN 3-7749-1636-5, ISBN 3-7749-1687-X, ISBN 3-7749-1863-5, ISBN 3-7749-2304-3
Web on the left of
- Princeton Encyclopedia OF Classical Sites
- museums in İznik
- Touristi side over İznik
- government side over İznik
coordinates: 40° 25 ' 45 " N, 29° 43 ' 16 " O
