1814

see also: March 1814

events

politics

• 1. January: the Prussian general field marshal Blücher exceeds that with his armyRhine
• March king Friedrich William III. for the first time the iron cross lends 28 to
• earned one. March: The US-American frigate USS Essex (32 cannons) becomes after a successful raid in the Pacific with Valparaiso (Chile) of a British federation from thatFrigate HMS Phoebe (36 cannons) and the Sloop HMS Cherub (18 cannons) placed to the fight and must result after involving heavy losses combat.
• 30. March: Napoléon is banished on the island Elba, introduction of the allied troops in Paris
• 31. March: Allied troops with the soot. Zaren and Prussia king pull with their guards in of Paris
• 2. April: The French senate explains Napoléon Bonaparte for set off. Ludwig XVIII. becomes king of France
• 11. April: Napoléon thanks in Fontainebleau starting from
• 12. April: With the attempt over the Main to come 62 members of the banner of the freiwilligen Saxonia drown with spleen mountain
• 5. May: The British conquer the American fortress away Oswego at the Ontariosee
• 17. May: Signing of the Norwegian condition
• 30. May: France. Peace of Paris with Prussia, Austria, Russia and Great Britain
• 30. May: In Paris peace treaty becomes among other things in article 5 the liberty of the navigation on the Rhinefor everyone regulated.
• 5. July: An American brigade defeats a British troop in the battle with Chippewa
• 25. July: The involving heavy losses battle with Lundy's Lane between the British and Americans remains without clear winner, forces the Americans however toRetreat and thus for the task of their last invasion in Canada
• 13. August: Great Britain. South Africa becomes British
• 18. September: Opening of the Viennese of congress (1814/1815): The German federation originates in
• to 24. December: The peace of Gent terminates the British-American war.

• In the peace treaty of Paris Great Britain receives the island Dominica back
• to Pope Pius VII. Clemens XIV leaves the 1773 of Pope. waived Jesuiten medals again to

science

• invention of the Schweinfurter green
• Joseph of Fraunhofera first listing of 567 absorption lines in the solar spectrum at [

gives

• 3. January: Premiere of the Operette the night cap of the prophet Elias of Conradin Kreutzer in Stuttgart
• 1. February: Premiere of the opera L'Oriflamme of Henri MontanBerton at the Opéra Comique in Paris
• 24. February: Premiere of the opera Alimon and Zaide or the prince von Catanea von Conradin Kreutzer in Stuttgart
• 10. March: Premiere of the Feenspiels the donkey skin or the blue island of Johann NepomukHummel at the theatre at that Vienna in Vienna
• 23. May: Premiere of the opera Fidelio of Ludwig van Beethoven at the theatre at the Kärtnertor in Vienna
• 15. June: Premiere of the Singspiels the return trip of the emperor von Johann Nepomuk Hummel to Theatre at that Vienna in Vienna
• 11. September: Premiere of the opera the alpine hut of Conradin Kreutzer in Ludwigsburg
• 4. October: Premiere of the opera Elisabetha, Regina d'Inghilterra of Gioacchino Rossini at the Teatro San Carlo in Neapel
• 19. November:Premiere of the amusing opera the care children of Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner in Munich
• Jane Austens novel „Mansfield park “appears

born

• 2. January: Luise Mühlbach, German authoress († 1873)
• 11. January: James Paget,English surgeon and pathologist († 1899)
• 15. January: Johann God-dear Langner, schlesischer entrepreneur († 1877)
• 15. January: Ludwig Schläfli, Swiss mathematician († 1895)
• 17. January: Ludwik Mieroslawski, Polish revolutionary († 1878)
• 22. January: Eduard Zeller, German theologian and philosopher († 1908)
• 27. January: Eugène Viollet le Duc, French architect and art historian († 1879)
• 30. January: Ferdinand Schichau, engineer and owner of throwing († 1896)
• 12. February: Jenny Marx, German Sozialistin and wife of Karl Marx († 1881)
• 24. February: Henry Kirke Brown, US-American sculptor († 1886)
• 24. February: William Benque, landscape gardner and garden architect († 1895)
• 9. March: Taras Schewtschenko, Ukrainian poet († 1861)
• 14. March: Ferdinand Konrad Bellermann, landscape painter († 1889)
• 22. March: Thomas Crawford, US-American sculptor († 1857)
• 30. March: Josef May citizen, AustrianPainter († 1908)
• 3. April: Lorenzo Snow, 5. President of the church Jesu Christi of the holy ones of the last days († 1901)
• 5. April: Felix Fürst Lichnowsky, German politician († 1848)
• 6. April: FriedrichWilliam Wolff, German animal sculptor († 1887)
• 12. April: Franz baron von Wertheim, Austrian Industrieller († 1883)
• 15. April: John Lothrop Motley, US-American diplomat and historical writer († 1879)
• 17. April: August Grisebach, German Botaniker and university professor († 1879)
• 21. April: Béni Egressy, Hungarian composer, dear savingist, translator and actor († 1851)
• 1. May: Alphonse Ratisbonne, joint founder of the Kongregation our love Mrs. von Sion († 1884)
• 6. May: Josef Pančić, Serbian Botaniker († 1888)
• 9. May: Adolf Henselt, composer and Klaviervirtuose († 1889)
• 24. May: Adalbert of Bredow, Prussian lieutenant general († 1890)
• 26. May: Heinrich Geissler, German physicist and inventor († 1879)
• 30. May: Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Bakunin, Russian Anarchist and socialin a revolutionary manner († 1876)
• 8. June: David Dixon Porter, North American admiral († 1891)
• 30. June: Franz of Dingelstedt, German poet and theatrical director († 1881)
• 3. July: John Brinckman, flat-German writer († 1870)
• 13. July: Johann of Halbig, German sculptor († 1882)
• 15. July: Hermann pit, German Botaniker († 1864)
• 19. July: Ludwig Karl William of giving spring, Austrian general († 1874)
• 19. July: Samuel Colt, inventor of the first functioning Feuerwaffe with rotary cylinder († 1862)
• 30. July: Johann George Halske, GermanEntrepreneur († 1890)
• 10. August: Henri Nestlé, German entrepreneur († 1890)
• 10. August: John C. Pemberton, konföderierter general († 1881)
• 13. August: Differently Jonas Ångström, Swedish astronomer and physicist († 1874)
• 20. August: Raffaele Piria, Italian physician and chemist († 1865)
• 28. August: Sheridan le Fanu, author of Gruselgeschichten († 1873)
• 30. August: Heinrich Goldstein, Lehrer at the Jewish school to Gleiwitz
• 2. September: Ernst Curtius, German archaeology and historian († 1896)
• 3. September: James Joseph Sylvester, English mathematician († 1897)
• 6. September: Levin Schücking, German writer († 1883)
• 7. September: Ludwig Kalisch, German writer († 1882)
• 10. September: Ernst climbs, German Evangelist theologian († 1888)
• 13. September: August game, German Edesteingraveur († 1896)
• 15. September: Ferdinand of Arnim, architect († 1866)
• 19. September: Karl Friedrich of Savigny, Prussian diplomat and politician († 1875)
• 26. September: Louis Arrighi de Casanova, French politician († 1888)
• 27. September: Daniel Kirkwood, US-American astronomer († 1895)
• 4. October: Jean François Millet, French painter († 1875)
• 15. October: Mikhail Jurjewitsch Lermontow, Russian poet († 1841)
• 17. October: Eugen Anton Theophil of Podbielski, Prussian general of the Kavallerie († 1879)
• 25. October: Louis d'Orléans, duc de Nemours, French general († 1896)
• 5. November: Alfred de Bougy, French writer († 1874)
• 6. November: Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument farmer and saxophonist († 1894)
• 13. November: Joseph Hooker, general of the north states in the American civil war († 1879)
• 14. November: Albert Wolff, German sculptor († 1892)
• 14. November: William lion, German physician and politician († 1886)
• 22. November: Christian Friedrich of flax, German architect († 1892)
• 23. November: Adolf Soetbeer, German political economist († 1892)
• 25. November: Hans Hugo of Kleist Retzow, Prussian politician († 1892)
• 25. November: Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist († 1878)
• 26. November: Konrad Deubler, Austrian farmer and mayor († 1884)
• 26. November: Louise Aston, German authoress and Frauenrechtlerin († 1871)
• 6. December: Juan prime, Spanish general and statesman († 1870)
• 10. December: Sebastian Brunner, catholic theologian and writer († 1893)
• 14. December: Ludwig Droste, architect and architect-general († 1875)
• 28. December: JohnBennet Lawes, British agriculture chemist († 1900)
• 30. December: Betty Paoli, German authoress († 1894)

• of Louis Alfred Becquerel, French physicist and physician († 1862)
• Adolf Henselt, German composer

died

• 4. January: Johann George Jacobi, German poet and journalist (* 1740)
• 21. January: Jacques Henri Bernardin de Saint Pierre, French writer (* 1737)
• 24. January: William Heath, major general of the continental army of the USA (* 1737)
• 26. January: Julien Louis Geoffroy, author and critic (* 1743)
• 29. January: Johann God-dear spruce, German philosopher (* 1762)
• 3. February: January Koželuh, böhmischer composer (* 1738)
• 18. February: Paul Davidowich, Austrian general (* 1737)
• 26. February: Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor and draughtsman (* 1740)
• 27. February: Jean Louis Ebenezer Reynier, French general (* 1771)
• 16. March: Karl Friedrich Friesen,German paedagogue and freedom fighter (* 1784)
• 19. March: Johannes Albrecht, German physician and writer (* 1752)
• 26. March: Joseph Ignace Guillotin, French physician and politician (* 1738)
• 4. April: Blasius Hueber, land surveyorand farmer (* 1735)
• 12. April: Charles Burney, English organist, composer and music historian (* 1726)
• 25. April: Louis Sébastien Mercier, writer (* 1740)
• 6. May: George Joseph Vogler, German composer, organist, priest(* 1749)
• 29. May: Joséphine de Beauharnais, empress of France (* 1763)
• 8. June: Friedrich Heinrich sky, German composer (* 1765)
• 11. June: Marianne of the Mark, illegitime daughter of FriedrichWilliam II. (* 1780)
• 14. June: Friedrich Christian von Augustenburg, Herzog (* 1765)
• 19. June: Friedrich Benda, German composer (* 1745)
• 21. June: Johann Martin Miller, German Evangelist theologian and Prediger(* 1750)
• 27. June: Dominique Villars, French physician and Botaniker (* 1745)
• 27. June: Johann Friedrich Reichardt, composer and music writer (* 1752)
• 12. July: William Howe, British general (* 1729)
• 19. July: Matthew Flinders, British explorers (* 1774)
• 11. August: Jean Pierre Erman, German historian (* 1735)
• 19. August: Gustav Moritz Armfelt, favourite Gustavs III. of Sweden (* 1757)
• 21. August: Benjamin Thompson, military and experimental physicist (* 1753)
• 25. August: Carl Englerth, owner several hard coal mines (* 1756)
• 1. September: Eric Tulindberg, Finnish composer of classical music (* 1761)
• 8. September: Maria Karolinaof Austria, queen of Neapel Sicilies (* 1752)
• 22. September: August William Iffland, German actor, theatre manager and dramatist (* 1759)
• 30. October: George Heinrich of Berenhorst, military writer (* 1733)
• 7. November: Gottfried Mind, Swiss draughtsman (* 1768)
• 15. November: George Anton Bredelin, teacher, Schulvisitator, poet, musician and composer (* 1752)
• 18. November: Aleijadinho, building master and sculptor of the Brazilian baroque (* 1738)
• 23. November: Elbridge Gerry, US-American politician (* 1744)
• 30. November: Jean Michel Moreau, French Kupferstecher and Radierer (* 1741)
• 2. December: Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, French noble and author (* 1740)
• 13. December: Charles de Ligne, Austrian field marshal (* 1735)