1857

events

• 9. January: Earthquake of unknown quantity strength in away Tejon, California, the USA. 1 dead one
• 28. February: After72 service years the Austrian field marshal Josef count Radetzky is shifted into the retirement.
• around 1857 nearly 4,000 km a long submarine cable is laid from America to England

politics

• 1. January: Constant Fornerod becomes Federal President of Switzerland
• 31. December: Queen Victoria decides for Ottawa as capital of Canada.

• End of the presidency (1853-1857) of Franklin Pierce (* 23. November 1804: † 8. October 1869): four tenth president of the United States of America
• beginning of the presidency(1857-1861) of James Buchanan (* 23. April 1791: † 1. June, 1868): Five tenth president of the United States of America)

culture

• 9. April: Premiere of the Operette Le Docteur Miracle (the miracle doctor) of Georges Bizet at the Théâtre of the Bouffes Parisiens in Paris
• 30. April: Premiere of the Operette Dragonette of Jacques open brook at the Théâtre of the Bouffes Parisiens in of Paris
• 6. May: Premiere of the opera Erzsébet of Ferenc Erkel in Budapest
• 20. August: The French poet Charles Baudelaire because of „offense of the public moral and the good customs “to a fine condemns
• 3. October: Premiere of the opera Maître grasp pool of broadcasting corporations von Léo Delibes at the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris
• 27. December: Premiere of the opera Pianella of Friedrichof Flotow in Schwerin

economics

• 24. January: In the Viennese Münzvertrag is agreed upon the association valleys in Austria and most states of the German customs union as currency.
• 20. February: Establishment of the shipping company of north German Lloyd in Bremen

born

• 3. January: Emma of their, German politician and Gewerkschaftlerin († 1911)
• 15. January: Alexander Fritz, German chess player († 1932)
• 17. January: William Kienzl, Austrian composer († 1941)
• 23. January: Andrija Mohorovicic, Croatian geophycisist († 1936)
• 1. February: Vladimir Michailowitsch Bechterew, Russian neuro physiologist and psychiatrist († 1927)
• 3. February: William Johannsen, Danish Botaniker and Genetiker († 1927)
• 8. February: ChristiaanSnouck Hurgronje, is Netherlands and Islam-well-informed († 1936)
• 11. February: George value home, German buyer († 1939)
• 12. February: Eugène Atget, French photographer († 1927)
• 13. February: Friedrich eagle, Czech politician(† 1938)
• 17. February: Johannes Abromeit, German Botaniker († 1946)
• 18. February: Ferdinand joke farmer, Austrian technician († 1922)
• 18. February: Max Klinger, German sculptor, painter and commercial artist († 1920)
• 22. February: Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist († 1894)
• 22. February: Robert bathe Powell, British founder of the pathfinder movement († 1941)
• 26. February: Emile Coué, French author, Autosuggestion, medicine († 1926)
• 7. March: Julius Wagner Jauregg, Austrian physician and psychiatrist († 1940)
• 10. March: Christian Berrenrath, German theologian, Offizial in the ore diocese Cologne († 1941)
• 11. March: Thomas's J. Clarke, Irish revolutionary († 1916)
• 21. March: Albert Rossow, German composer and conductor († 1943)
• 21. March: Hunter Liggett, US-American general († 1935)
• 22. March: Paul Doumer, Staatspräsident of France 1931 to 1932 († 1932)
• 27. March: Karl Pearson, British mathematician and philosopher († 1936)
• 30. March: Gabriela Zapolska, Polish authoress († 1921)
• 31. March: Édouard Rod, Swiss author († 1910)
• 5. April: Alexander I., Prince ofBulgaria († 1893)
• 14. April: Beatrice of Great Britain and Ireland, British princess († 1944)
• 14. April: Victor Horsley, British physiologist and neurologist († 1916)
• 20. April: Herman fear for, Danish writer († 1912)
• 25. April: Giuseppe Gamba, archbishop of Turin and cardinal († 1929)
• 25. April: Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer († 1919)
• 27. April: Johannes Chrzaszcz, schlesischer priest and historian († 1928)
• 30. April: Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist († 1939)
• 2. May: Otto Umfrid, German Evangelist theologian and Pazifist († 1920)
• 5. May: António Teixeira de Sousa, Portuguese politician († 1905)
• 10. May: Julius Smend, theologian († 1930)
• 12. May: Oskar Bolza, German mathematician († 1942)
• 13. May: Ronald Ross, English physician and Nobelpreisträger († 1932)
• 15. May: Williamina Fleming, US-American Astronomin(† 1911)
• 17. May: Julius Trip, German garden architect († 1907)
• 19. May: John Jacob Abel, US-American biochemist († 1938)
• 26. May: Rudolph savage, German politician († 1910)
• 27. May: Theodor Curtius, German chemist († 1928)
• 31. May: Pius XI., Pope from 1922 to 1939 († 1939)
• 1. June: Joseph Pujol, under its artist name Le Pétomane Kunstfurzer († 1945)
• 2. June: Edward Elgar, English composer († 1934)
• 2. June: Karl Gjellerup, Danish writer († 1919)
• 5. June: Árpád Doppler, Hungarian-German composer († 1927)
• 6. June: Alexander Michailowitsch Ljapunow, Russian mathematician andPhysicist († 1918)
• 7. June: Rudolf Slatin, Austrian adventurer, British general († 1932)
• 11. June: Antoni Grabowski, Polish chemistry engineer and in former times Esperanto Aktivist († 1921)
• 14. June: Ignaz Petschek, böhmischer banker, large-scale manufacturer(† 1934)
• 18. June: Arthur Hoffmann, Swiss politician and Upper House of Parliament († 1927)
• 30. June: Friedrich of Ingenohl, German naval officer, boss of the German deep-sea fleet († 1933)
• 1. July: George Bassler, printer (occupation),Worker leader († 1900)
• 5. July: Clara Zetkin, German politician and Frauenrechtlerin († 1933)
• 8. July: Rudolf Dellinger, composer and Kapellmeister († 1910)
• 9. July: Friedrich II. (Bathe), Grand Duke of the Grand Duchy of bathing(† 1928)
• 11. July: Alfreds Binet, French paedagogue and psychologist († 1911)
• 11. July: Joseph Larmor, Irish physicist († 1942)
• 12. July: Amé Pictet, Swiss chemist († 1937)
• 14. July: Vittori Amedeo Ranuzzi de' Bianchi, bishop von Loreto and Kardinal († 1927)
• 23. July: Carl Meinhof, German minister and Africa NIST († 1944)
• 24. July: Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer († 1943)
• 30. July: Thorstein Veblen, US-American economist and sociologist († 1929)
• 31. July: Ernest Chuard, Swiss politician († 1942)
• 6. August: Christian William Allers, German painter and draughtsman († 1915)
• 6. August: Ludwig von Höhnel, Austrian naval officer, Africa researcher and geographer († 1942)
• 8. August: Cécile Chaminade, French Pianstin and Komponistin († 1944)
• 8. August: Maurice Yvon, French architect († 1911)
• 15. August: Albert Ballin, German shipowner († 1918)
• 15. August: George Gothein, German politician († 1940)
• 18. August: Eusebius Mandyczewski of Austrian music scientists and composer († 1929)
• 28. August: Hermann Schaedtler, German architect († 1931)
• 29. August: Paul Friedländer, German chemist († 1923)
• 2. September: Karl Stauffer Berne, painter († 1891)
• 8. September: George Michaelis, German lawyer and politician († 1936)
• 10. September: JamesEdward Keeler, US-American astrophysicist († 1900)
• 12. September: George Hendrik Breitner, artist († 1923)
• 15. September: William Howard taffeta, US-American politician, 27. President of the USA († 1930)
• 17. September: Konstantin EduardowitschTsiolkovskiy, Russian pioneer of space travel († 1935)
• 21. September: Johann Heinrich Louis Krüger, German Geodät († 1923)
• 22. September: Anita Augspurg, German Juristin and Frauenrechtlerin († 1943)
• 26. September: Joachim ofBonin, German politician († 1921)
• 30. September: Hermann Sudermann, German writer and dramatist († 1928)
• 4. October: Ferdinand Kurlbaum, German physicist († 1927)
• 5. October: Fedor of Zobeltitz, German journalistand writers († 1934)
• 30. October: Georges Gilles de la Tourette, neurologist, described 1885 the Tourette syndrome († 1904)
• 31. October: Axel Munthe, Swedish physician and author († 1949)
• 3. November: Mikhail WassiljewitschAlexejew, Russian general († 1918)
• 7. November: Paul Mankiewitz, German banker († 1924)
• 11. November: Nathan stone, German judge, first Jew as a presiding judge († 1927)
• 16. November: Jón Sveinsson, IcelandicWriter († 1944)
• 17. November: Joseph Babinski, Polish-French neurologist († 1932)
• 22. November: George Robert Gissing, English writer († 1903)
• 26. November: Ferdinand de Saussure, Schweizer linguist († 1913)
• 27. November: Charles Scott shearing ring clay/tone, British neuro physiologist († 1952)
• 28. November: Alfons XII. (Spain), king of Spain († 1885)
• 29. November: Theodor ash-smell, child physician and bacteriologist († 1911)
• 3. December: Carl vest, optician († 1944)
• 3. December: Joseph Conrad, Polish-English writer († 1924)
• 6. December: Adalbert Matkowsky, German actor († 1909)
• 8. December: Johann Albrecht to Mecklenburg, regent of Braunschweig(† 1920)
• 12. December: Max Devrient, German actor († 1929)
• 16. December: Edward barn pool of broadcasting corporations, US-American astronomer († 1923)
• 19. December: Victory mouth desire garden, Austrian physician († 1911)
• 27. December: FriedrichAugust Emil this year, body farmer (automobile & Kutschen)
• 30. December: Joachim count von Pfeil and small Ellguth, German Africa researcher († 1924)

• Frederic Cliffe, English composer († 1931)

died

• 2. January: Andrew Ure, English physician and professor for natural history and chemistry (* 1778)
• 6. January: Albert Schwegler, German theologian, philosopher and historian (* 1819)
• 15. February: Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (* 1804)
• 9. March: Dominikus Savio, Italian holy (* 1842)
• 21. March: William Scoresby, British sailor and researcher (* 1789)
• 8. April: Heinrich Eduard Bethmann, German actor and theatre manager (* 1774)
• 2. May: Alfred de must, French writer (* 1810)
• 14. May: Jacob NIC-read Ahlström, Swedish Kapellmeister and composer (* 1805)
• 23. May: Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (* 1789)
• 8. June: KarlFriedrich Nebenius, German civil servant (* 1784)
• 15. June: Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist and piano paedagogue (* 1791)
• 21. June: Louis Jacques Thénard, French chemist (* 1777)
• 16. July: Jetty RH Jean de Béranger,French poet (* 1780)
• 19. July: Stefano Franscini, Swiss politician (* 1796)
• 10. August: John Wilson Croker, English parliament speaker, poet and journalist (* 1780)
• 12. August: William Conybeare, English geologist andPaleontologist (* 1787)
• 5. September: Augusts Comte, French founder of the sociology (* 1798)
• 5. October: Wenzel Scholz, Austrian actor (* 1787)
• 7. October: Louis McLane, US-American minister of foreign affairs (* 1786)
• 9. October: Josef Ressel, Austrian Forstbeamter (* 1793)
• 23. October: Friedrich treasurer, German inventor of the match (* 1796)
• 28. October: Louis Eugène Cavaignac, prime minister of the second French republic (* 1802)
• 26. November: Joseph baron von Eichendorff, German poet (* 1788)
• 3. December: Christian Daniel smoke, German sculptor (* 1777)