1859

events

politics

• 1. January: Jakob Stämpfli becomes Federal President of Switzerland
• 14. February: Oregon becomes33. Federal State of the USA
• 29. April: Sardini war - with the invasion of Austrian troops a fight for the Italian possessions of the having citizens begins.
• 4. June: Austria joins the Dresden convention and makes thereby for German citizens possible thoseEntry without passport and visa
• 24. June: Battle of Solferino
• 27. June: The Basler grand council with its law for urban extension Stadtmauer 16 decides the outline
• of the Basler. October: John Brown begins an armed rebellion for slave release in Harper's Ferry, west Virginia, that already after two days fails
• Sardini war

to science and technology

• Charles Darwin publishes The Origin OF Species
• Gustav Robert Kirchhoff sets its law of the heat radiation to
• 7. February: That Codex Sinaiticus is found to 25 by Konstantin of table village in the Katharinenkloster at the mountain Sinai (Egypt
• ). April: First cut of the spade for the building of the Sueskanals by Ferdinand Vicomte de Lesseps

culture

• 19. March: Premiere of the opera fist of Charles Gounod at the Théâtre Lyrique in of Paris
• 8. June: Premiere of the opera L'Omelette à la Follenbuche of Léo Delibes at the Théâtre of the Bouffes Parisiens in of Paris
• 6. July: Premiere of the Operette Les Vivandières de la Grande Armée of Jacques open brook at the Théâtre of the Bouffes Parisiens in Paris
• 19. November: Premiere of the amusing opera Geneviève de Brabant von Jacques open brook at the Théâtre of the Bouffes Parisiens in Paris
• the German Schillerstiftung is born

]

• 2. January: Fritz Riemann (chess player), German chess player († 1932)
• 6. January: Alfred Henri Marie kind of building twisting, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1942)
• 10. January: Francisco Ferrer, libertärer Spanish paedagogue († 1909)
• 11. January: Francisco d'Andrade, Portuguese opera singer († 1921)
• 11. January: George Nathaniel Curzon, British politician († 1925)
• 13. January: Karl remain-faithfully, German writer († 1928)
• 26. January: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Wossidlo, German Ethnologe († 1939)
• 27. January: WilliamII. (German Reich), king of Prussia and last German emperor († 1941)
• 2. February: Roll ago of Lüttwitz, German general († 1942)
• 3. February: Hugo Junkers, German engineer and entrepreneur († 1935)
• 5. February: Louis Cheikhô, Orientalist and theologian († 1927)
• 6. February: Jakob Julius David, Austrian journalist and writer († 1906)
• 6. February: William Cohn, German chess player († 1913)
• 8. February: Gabriele Reuter, German authoress († 1941)
• 9. February: Robert Hope Jones, British organ farmer († 1914)
• 10. February: Alexandre Miller and, French statesman and politician († 1943)
• 15. February: Louis Joseph Maurin, archbishop ofLyon and cardinal († 1936)
• 19. February: Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist († 1927)
• 27. February: Bertha pasteboard home, German Frauenrechtlerin and social female worker († 1936)
• 2. March: Scholem Alejchem, jiddischer writer(† 1916)
• 4. March: Alexander Stepanowitsch Popow, Russian physicist († 1905)
• 6. March: Louis Boutan, French biologist († 1934)
• 9. March: Peter Altenberg, Austrian writer († 1919)
• 14. March: Adolf Bertram, bishop von Hildesheim and Erzbischof von Breslau († 1945)
• 17. March: Albert Vater, German politician and joint founder of the KPD in Magdeburg († 1923)
• 26. March: Adolf Hurwitz, German mathematician († 1919)
• 28. March: Edmund Musgrave Barttelot, English officer († 1888)
• 29. March: Eugen upper lobster, German geographer († 1927)
• 3. April: Arthur Salomonsohn, German banker († 1930)
• 5. April: Friedrich Lutzmann, Autopioneer, technical designer and entrepreneur († 1930)
• 7. April: Jacques Loeb, German-American biologist († 1924)
• 8. April: Edmund Husserl, Czech philosopher, founder of the Phänomenologie († 1938)
• 9. April: Julius hard, GermanMore closely and literary critics of the naturalism († 1930)
• 20. April: Vincenzo Cerulli, Italian astronomer († 1927)
• 2. May: Jerome K. Jerome, English author († 1927)
• 8. May: Johann Ludwig Jensen, Danish mathematician(† 1925)
• 15. May: Pierre curies, French physicist and Nobelpreisträger († 1906)
• 16. May: Frieda dig, German youth book authoress, Herausgeberin and teacher († 1944)
• 21. May: Otto Hupp, German commercial artist († 1949)
• 22. May: Arthur Conan Doyle, British physician and writer († 1930)
• 30. May: Anton Azbé, Austrian painter slovenischer origin († 1905)
• 3. June: Eduard Anthes, archaeologist († 1922)
• 15. June: Friedrich Schirmer, mayor von Bunzlau and Oberbürgermeister von Wittenberg († 1945)
• 17. June: George Wissowa, German Philologe († 1931)
• 19. June: Heinrich Sohnrey, German people writer and journalist († 1948)
• 1. July: Edouard Alfred Martel, cave researcher († 1938)
• 6. July: Verner of Heidenstam, Swedish poet († 1940)
• 9. July: William resounding wax, German physicist († 1922)
• 13. July: Sidney James Webb, 1. BaronPassfield, British sociologist and politician († 1947)
• 14. July: Willy Hess, German violin virtuoso and - teachers († 1939)
• 17. July: Jakob Christoph army, Swiss writer († 1925)
• 19. July: Carl Ludwig creep, German physician and writer († 1922)
• 28. July: Franz Eugen butchers, EH gelist and translator of the butcher Bible († 1911)
• 4. August: Knut Hamsun, Norwegian writer († 1952)
• 6. August: Alfred Hettner,German geographer († 1941)
• 6. August: Carl Schuchhardt, German Prähistoriker († 1943)
• 10. August: George Alexander Pick, Austrian mathematician († 1942)
• 18. August: Anna Ancher, Danish painter of the Impressionismus († 1935)
• 23. August: Franz havens, German opera singer (Bariton) and film director († 1932)
• 27. August: Ferdinand ski support, academic painter and Kupferstecher († 1930)
• 3. September: Hugo Türpe, German Cornet Virtuose and composer († 1891)
• 3. September: Jean Jaurès, French politician († 1914)
• 16. September: Yuan ski dock, Chinese army leader, president and appointed emperor († 1916)
• 22. September: Rudolph Bergh, Danish composer († 1924)
• 28. September: Fritz Milkau, librarian and library scientist († 1934)
• 5. October: Boris Jakowytsch Bukrejew, Ukrainian mathematician († 1962)
• 9. October: Alfred Dreyfus, French officer († 1935)
• 14. October: Ravachol, French terrorist(† 1892)
• 16. October: Karl Blodig, Austrian mountain climber, optician and journalist († 1956)
• 18. October: Henri Bergson, French philosopher and Nobelpreisträger († 1941)
• 20. October: John Dewey, US-American philosopher and paedagogue(† 1952)
• 22. October: Karl grumble, German conductor († 1940)
• 1. November: George W. P. Hunt, first governor von Arizona († 1934)
• 2. November: Alexander Wassiljewitsch Samsonow, Russian general († 1914)
• 5. November: Walter Wislicenus, initiator of the astronomical annual reports († 1905)
• 13. November: George Knorr, German engineer and entrepreneur († 1911)
• 15. November: Christopher Hornsrud, Norwegian politician of the social-democratic labour party († 1960)
• 19. November: Mikhail Michailowitsch Ippolitow Iwanow, Russian composer and conductor († 1935)
• 22. November: Helene Böhlau, German authoress († 1940)
• 22. November: Paul Desjardins, French philosopher and Philologe († 1940)
• 23. November: Billy the Kid, repeated murderer in the so-called. The “wild west” († 1881)
• 27. November: Charles Scott shearing ring clay/tone, British physiologist and Nobelpreisträger († 1952)
• 30. November: Sergei Michailowitsch Ljapunow, Russian composer andPianist († 1924)
• 2. December: Georges Seurat, French inventor and painter († 1891)
• 5. December: John Jellicoe, British admiral († 1935)
• 8. December: William Henry O'Connell, archbishop of bad clay/tone and cardinal(† 1944)
• 15. December: Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, Polish Esperanto - founders († 1917)
• 22. December: Otto Hölder, German mathematician († 1937)
• 24. December: Samuel Fischer (publisher), German publisher († 1934)
• 25. December: Ludwig von Estorff, General of the infantry in the German empire († 1943)
• 29. December: Venustiano Carranza, president of Mexico and revolutionary († 1920)
• 30. December: Josef Bohuslav Foerster, Czech composer († 1951)

died

• 18. January: Alfreds Vail, US-American engineer and inventor (* 1807)
• 20. January: Bettina of Arnim, German socialcritical authoress (* 1785)
• 22. January: Joseph Ludwig Raabe, SwissMathematician (* 1801)
• 28. January: Eugen of Maucler, German politician (* 1783)
• 29. January: William Cranch bond, US-American astronomer (* 1789)
• 29. January: William Hickling Prescott, US-American historian (* 1796)
• 3. March: Johann Günther Friedrich Cannabich, German geo count, minister and paedagogue (* 1777)
• 1. April: Amalie Sieveking, German Philanthropin (* 1794)
• 16. April: Alexis de Tocqueville, French journalist and politician (* 1805)
• 21. April: Otto Sendtner, German Botaniker and university professor (* 1813)
• 5. May: Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician (* 1805)
• 6. May: Alexander of Humboldt, German researcher and discoverer (* 1769)
• 22. May: Ferdinand II. (Sicilies), king Neapels and both Sicilies (* 1810)
• 27. May: Friedrich feast, German physician and Anatom (* 1795)
• 11. June: Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von Metternich, AustrianStatesman (* 1773)
• 17. June: Albert August William Deetz, delegate of the Frankfurt national assembly (* 1798)
• 23. June: Maria Pawlowna, Grand Duchess von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (* 1786)
• 8. July: Oskar I., King of Swedenand Norway (* 1799)
• 3. August: Eugène Sue, French writer (* 1804)
• 2. September: Johann Friedrich Schilling, German yard bricklayer master (* 1765)
• 4. September: Friedrich William Leopold arrow, German forstlicher practical man, teacherand scientists (* 1783)
• 5. September: Friedrich Olivier, German painter (* 1791)
• 15. September: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (* 1806)
• 19. September: Adolf Bäuerle, Austrian writer (* 1786)
• 28. September: Carl knight, founder of scientific geography (* 1779)
• 4. October: Karl Baedeker, German publisher (* 1801)
• 12. October: Robert Stephenson, British engineer (* 1803)
• 13. October: Rudolf Oeser, German minister and people writer (* 1807)
• 22. October: Louis Spohr, German composer, conductor, violonist (* 1784)
• 22. October: Ludwig Spohr, German Violinspieler and composer (* 1784)
• 27. October: Ernst Friedrich Apelt, German writer (* 1812)
• 7. November: Carl God-dear rice winners, German composer and Hofkapellmeister (* 1798)
• 21. November: Yoshida Shōin, Japanese intellectual and revolutionaries (* 1830)
• 23. November: James Ward, BritishPainter (* 1769)
• 28. November: Washington Irving, US-American writer (* 1783)
• 1. December: Alfred Rethel, German historical-scenes painter (* 1816)
• 2. December: John Brown, US-American opponent of the slavery (* 1800)
• 8. December: Thomas de Quincey, British writer (* 1785)
• 16. December: William Grimm, German linguist and writer (Grimms fairy tale) (* 1786)
• 28. December: Thomas Babington Macaulay, English historian (* 1800)
• MuhammadII. Aluminium-Husain, Bey of Tunis