1865

events

• 20. January: The US citizen LaMarcus Adna Thompson leaves thosefirst roller coaster patent.
• 9. April: Louis Pasteur communicates its discovery that diseases can be released by micro organisms. Heat up kill the germs.
• 29. May: The German society for the rescue of shipwrecked ones is created.
• 14. July: Erstbesteigung of the Matte horn by Edward Whymper, lord Douglas, Hudson, Hadow, Michel Croz and Peter Taugwalder father and son.
• At the Hudson River develops the first ice sail club of the world.

politics

see also: List of the heads of state 1865

• 9. April: Surrenderthe Virginia army of the Konföderierten states of America in the court house to Appomattox in relation to the north state State of (the USA).
• 14. August: Gasteiner convention between Prussia and Austria for the administration of Schleswig and Holstein
• 5. December - Peru allies itself with Chile against Spain, which wanted to back-conquer the earlier colony.
• 18. December - the 13. Constitutional amendment forbids the slavery in the USA.
• 24. December: General Nathan Bedford Forrest and other returned home soldiers of the Southern States base after the lost civil war the original Ku Klux Klan in Pulaski, threshing floor lake.

• In Leipzig the general German woman Mrs. (ADF) under prominent co-operation is created by Louise petrol Peter.
• Mihail Kogălniceanu (* 6. September 1817 in Iaşi, † 1. July 1891 in Paris), firstRomanian Prime Minister, historian and journalist withdraw.

disasters

• 27. April, Untergang of the wheel steamer Sultana in the Mississippi - 1700 victims
• 5. May: Large fire in Colonel village: A conflagration destroys to 5. and to 6. Maytwo thirds of the buildings of the place,
• 16. July: Eisenbahnunglück in bake-chew: A special train with railway coworkers drives in the late evening into a standing, with coal loaded, goods train. The misfortune demands 29 dead ones and 50 severely woundeds person.
• 25. October:The steam ship “S.S. Republic of “(the USA) sinks in the storm approx. 150 km southeast from Savannah (Georgia /USA). 25 of 92 humans on board dies.

economics

• the BASF is created.
• 7. November - thoseUS firm Repeating Light of cost. in Springfield a patent receives lighters on bags developed by it.

science and technology

• 26. April: Annibale de gas Paris discovers the Asteroid 83 (Beatrix) in the Asteroidengürtel.
• Johann JosefLoschmidt computes the number of molecules in a given volume of a gas under standard conditions, the Loschmidt number in such a way specified of L, also Avogadrozahl (into reports of the Viennese academy 52 (1865), 345).
• The chrome-plated steel is patented.

culture

• 17. February: Premiere of the opera the deserter of Ferdinand Hiller in Cologne
• 4. April: Max one and Moritz of William shrubs appear for the first time.
• 15. April: Premiere of the opera Le Bœuf Apis of Léo Delibes at the Théâtre of the Bouffes Parisiens in Paris
• 28. April: Premiere of the opera L'Africaine (the Afrikaberin) of Giacomo Meyerbeer at the Opéra Comique in Paris
• 21. May: Premiere of the lyric drama of the Cid of Peter Cornelius at the yard theatre Weimar
• 10. June: Premiere of the opera Tristan and Isolde of smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Wagner in the royal yard and national theatre Munich
• 2. July: Establishment of the welfare army
• 28. September: Premiere of the opera Straszny Dwór (the ghost lock) of Stanislaw Moniuszko in Warsaw
• 18. October: The general German woman associationin Leipzig one bases.
• 9. December: Premiere of the opera Le Voyage EN Chine of François Bazin born to the Opéra Comique in

]

• 6. January: Nikolai Jakowlewitsch Marr, Georgian linguist († 1934)
• 6. January: Siegmar of Schultze Galléra, German writer and homeland researcher († 1945)
• 8. January: Winnaretta Singer, US-American Musikmäzenin († 1943)
• 10. January: Josef Fischer, German cyclist († 1953)
• 11. January: George Montague Harper, British commander in the 1. World war († 1922)
• 13. January: Peter Bruckmann, Fabrikant († 1937)
• 21. January: Heinrich Albers-Schönberg, deutscher Röntgenologe († 1921)
• 22. January: Friedrich Paschen, German physicist († 1947)
• 22. January: Jean Paul Ertel, German composer († 1933)
• 26. January: Sabino Arana Goiri, Spanish baskischer poet and politician († 1903)
• 28. January: Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, first president of Finland († 1952)
• 29. January: Carl Sartorius, German lawyer († 1945)
• 31. January: Henri Desgrange, French newspaper publisher and founder of the route de France († 1940)
• 3. February: Johannes Giesberts, German politician († 1938)
• 6. February: Andrew Crommelin, astronomer († 1939)
• 6. February: Arthur Lemisch, Austrian politician († 1953)
• 9. February: Erich Dagobert of Drygalski, German polar researcher († 1949)
• 14. February: August Fischer,German Orientalist († 1949)
• 15. February: Emil Kraepelin, German psychologist († 1926)
• 17. February: Ernst Troeltsch, German theologian and politician († 1923)
• 19. February: Sven Hedin, Swedish geo count and explorer († 1952)
• 21. February: Walter Boveri, German Industrieller, founder of Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) († 1924)
• 22. February: Otto decaying son, German painter († 1943)
• 25. February: Andranik Torosi Ozanyan, Armenian resistance fighter(† 1927)
• 27. February: Jacques bad, GermanBritish chess player († 1954)
• 8. March: Frederick William Goudy, US-American Typograf († 1947)
• 13. March: Josef Schregel, German poet († 1946)
• 17. March: Gabriel Narutowicz, Polish president († 1922)
• 19. March: William Morton Wheeler, US-American Ethologe († 1937)
• 23. March: Josef Schwab, German journalist († 1942)
• 23. March: Louis Levin, lawyer († 1939)
• 25. March: Pierre Ernest white, French physicist († 1940)
• 27. March: Alessandro Verde, Kardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1958)
• 1. April: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Adolf Zsigmondy, Hungarian-Austrian chemist and mountain climber († 1929)
• 4. April: Zdzisław Lubomirski, Polish Aristokrat, great land owner and politician († 1943)
• 9. April: Charles P. Stone-cutter, German-American electrical engineer († 1923)
• 9. April: Erich Ludendorff, German officer and general († 1937)
• 21. April: Otto Franz Joseph of Austria, ore duke of Austria († 1906)
• 26. April: Akseli Gallen Kallela, Finnish painter, architect and designer († 1931)
• 26. April: Archie soon Koe, career officer of the British army († 1915)
• 29. April: Max Fabiani, Croatian-Austrian architect, pupil Otto of Wagners († 1962)
• 30. April: Max Nettlau, historian of the anarchy mash († 1944)
• 5. May: Ede Donáth, Hungarian-Jewish conductor and composer († 1945)
• 9. May: August de Boeck, Belgian composer and organist († 1937)
• 9. May: Leonhard farmer, pioneer of the Arab Dialektologie
• 14. May: Max gentleman Mr., German theatre scientist († 1942)
• 15. May: Joachimof Winterfeldt Menkin, prominent member of the red cross († 1945)
• 18. May: Trusting God of Jagow, chief of the police of Berlin († 1941)
• 21. May: My wheel Lienert, Swiss dialect and homeland poet († 1933)
• 25. May: Friedrich August III. (Saxonia), last king of the Kingdom of Saxonia († 1932)
• 25. May: John Raleigh Mott, US American methodistischer theologian († 1955)
• 25. May: Pieter Zeeman, Netherlands physicist († 1943)
• 1. June: Alfred Götze, German Prähistoriker († 1948)
• 3. June: Ernst Moriz crowning field, Botaniker and journalist († 1942)
• 3. June: George V., English king from 1910 to 1936 († 1936)
• 4. June: Otto Lüer, German architect († 1947)
• 7. June: Paula Mueller Otfried, Frauenrechtlerin and politician († 1946)
• 9. June: Albéric liking pool of broadcasting corporations, French composer († 1914)
• 9. June: Carl Nielsen, Danish composer andConductor († 1931)
• 10. June: Frederick Cook, US-American discoverer, polar researcher and physician († 1940)
• 12. June: Ludwig von Baden, Mark count von Baden and Herzog von Zähringen († 1888)
• 13. June: Karl Blossfeldt, German photographer († 1932)
• 13. June: William Butler Yeats, Irish poet († 1939)
• 15. June: Paul Gilson, Belgian composer and professor († 1942)
• 18. June: Emil Knoevenagel, German chemist († 1921)
• 19. June: Alfreds Hugenberg, German entrepreneur and politician († 1951)
• 22. June: Friedrich Sarre, Orientalist, archaeologist and art historian († 1945)
• 28. June: Otto Julius beer tree, German author and writer († 1910)
• 29. June: Shigechiyo Izumi, is considered to 2 as an oldest man of all times ( † 1986
• ). July: Lily brown, German authoress and Frauenrechtlerin († 1916)
• 6. July: Emil Jaques Dalcroze, Swiss composer and music paedagogue(† 1950)
• 13. July: Ernst Gaupp, German Anatom († 1916)
• 13. July: Gérard Analect Vincent Encausse, French Okkultist and Esoteriker († 1916)
• 15. July: Alfreds Harmsworth, British journalist and publisher († 1922)
• 17. July: Bernhard Dernburg, German politician and banker († 1937)
• 18. July: Robert degree man, German minister, geographer, Botaniker and Landeskundler († 1950)
• 20. July: Hans Steffen, German geographer († 1936)
• 21. July: Robert punt, German composer and music paedagogue († 1951)
• 22. July: Rudolf Heinze, German lawyer and politician († 1928)
• 23. July: Ludwig Sütterlin (commercial artist), commercial artist, paedagogue and Schaffer of the Sütterlinschriften(† 1917)
• 26. July: Philipp sheath man, German politician († 1939)
• 31. July: Alfons Heinrich, duke of Oporto and duke to Saxonia († 1920)
• 31. July: Heinrich Finkelstein, German child physician († 1942)
• 1. August: Alfred Hoche, German psychiatrist († 1943)
• 1. August: Eugen Napoleon of Sweden, youngest son of the Swedish king OSCAR II. († 1947)
• 1. August: Eugen knight of Knilling, Bavarian politician(† 1927)
• 2. August: Josef Maria Auchentaller, Austrian painter, draughtsman and commercial artist († 1949)
• 3. August: Carl Dorno, German natural scientist († 1942)
• 6. August: Hannah Chaplin, British dancer and singer († 1928)
• 8. August: Robert Haab, Swiss politician († 1939)
• 10. August: Alexander Konstantinowitsch Glasunow, Russian composer († 1936)
• 13. August: Emma Eames, US-American opera singer (Sopran) and Gesangspädagogin († 1952)
• 15. August: Hantaro Nagaoka, Japanese physicist († 1950)
• 15. August: Mikao Usui, Reiki founder († 1926)
• 16. August: Denis Joseph Dougherty, archbishop of Philadelphia and cardinal († 1951)
• 16. August: Ettore Tolomei, Italian nationalist († 1952)
• 17. August: Otto Pflanzl, Austrian homeland poet († 1943)
• 24. August: Ferdinand I. (Romania), Romanian king († 1927)
• 25. August: Arthur Hinsley, Erzbischof von Westminsterand cardinal († 1943)
• 27. August: Charles gate Dawes, US-American politician, vice-president of the USA († 1951)
• 27. August: James H. Breasted, US-American Ägyptologe and historian († 1935)
• 28. August: Caspar small,German bishop, first archbishop of Paderborn († 1941)
• 29. August: Hedwig laughter man, authoress († 1918)
• 11. September: Wilford Bacon Hoggatt, US American of republican politicians († 1938)
• 12. September: Sophus Claussen, Danish writer(† 1931)
• 18. September: Friedrich William bold ore, German painter and Illustrator († 1926)
• 19. September: Oskar Dressel, German chemist († 1941)
• 21. September: George Ludwig Rudolf Maercker, German major general († 1924)
• 23. September: Suzanne Valadon, French painter († 1938)
• 26. September: Otto Tetens, German scientist († 1945)
• 29. September: Jovan Cvijić, Serbian geographer, († 1927)
• 1. October: Paul Dukas,French composer († 1935)
• 4. October: Friedrich Lienhard, German writer († 1929)
• 4. Oktober: Max half ones, German writer and dramatist († 1944)
• 7. October: Theodor Scheimpflug, Austrian photo pioneer, discoverer of the photographicRule († 1911)
• 10. October: Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1930)
• 11. October: Emma count, Swiss Frauenrechtlerin († 1926)
• 11. October: Emma count, Swiss Frauenrechtlerin(† 1926)
• 12. October: Arthur Harden, British biochemist and Nobelpreisträger († 1940)
• 14. October: Paul Arndt, German archaeologist († 1937)
• 16. October: Frederick Rudolf Lambart, 10. Earl OF Cavan, British field marshal(† 1946)
• 16. October: Václav Laurin, mechanic and manufacturer († 1930)
• 18. October: Karl Eugen Neumann, Austrian translator of the speeches of the Buddha († 1915)
• 20. October: Mackay Hugh Baillie Scott, BritishArchitect and interior decorator († 1945)
• 25. October: Walter Leistikow, German painter († 1908)
• 26. October: Benjamin Guggenheim, US-American businessman († 1912)
• 28. October: James Brendan Connolly, first olympia winner of the modern times († 1957)
• 31. October: Wilfrid Michael Voynich, US-American book collecting tank († 1930)
• 1. November: Sámuel Teleki, Austrian-Hungarian politician († 1916)
• 2. November: Warren G. Harding, 29. President of the USA († 1923)
• 19. November: Friedrich Schrader, German writer and Orientalist († 1922)
• 19. November: Otto hitting a corner man, German painter and commercial artist († 1902)
• 24. November: Adolf Damaschke, German paedagogue, leader of the land reform movement († 1935)
• 3. December: Gustav Jenner, German composer († 1920)
• 8. December: Jacques Salomon Hadamard, French mathematician († 1963)
• 8. December: Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer († 1957)
• 11. December: Carl George of Schilling, Photographer († 1921)
• 21. December: George Deycke, German physician († 1938)
• 23. December: Albrecht of Württemberg, German noble († 1939)
• 30. December: Rudyard Kipling, British writer and Nobelpreisträger († 1936)

died

• 19. January: Pierre Joseph Proudhon, French economist, sociologist and Anarchist (* 1809)
• 10. February: Heinrich Friedrich Emil spring, German physicist (* 1804)
• 21. February: Constant Troyon, FrenchPainter (* 1810)
• 25. February: Otto Ludwig, German writer (* 1813)
• 1. March: Anna Pawlowna, queen of the Netherlands (* 1795)
• 2. April: Ambrose Powell Hill, US-American general (Konföderation) (* 1825)
• 2. April: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Cobden, English entrepreneur (* 1804)
• 5. April: January Kaňka, Czech composer (* 1772)
• 15. April: Abraham Lincoln, 16. President of the USA (* 1809)
• 26. April: John WilkesBooth, US-American actor (* 1838)
• 28. April: Samuel Cunard, Canadian businessman and shipowner (* 1787)
• 30. April: Robert FitzRoy, British naval officer and Meteoroligist (* 1805)
• 21. May: Christian Jürgensen Thomsen,Danish antiquity researcher (* 1788)
• 24. May: Sophie Barat, French foundress of the catholic woman medal of the Sacré Coeur sisters (* 1779)
• 29. May: Bernard Pierre Magnan, French general and marshal of France (* 1791)
• 6. June: William Clark Quantrill, partisan leader in the American war of secession (* 1837)
• 13. August: Ignaz roll-point, Austrian physician (hygiene pioneer) (* 1818)
• 23. August: Ferdinand George forest Mueller, Austrian painter and art writer (* 1793)
• 26. August: Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (* 1791)
• 27. August: Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Canadian writer (* 1796)
• 29. August: Gustav raking place, German entrepreneur, banker and railway pioneer (* 1795)
• 2. September: William RowanHamilton, Irish-English mathematician and physicist (* 1805)
• 28. September: Carl Alexander Heideloff, German architect and monument conservator (* 1789)
• 12. October: Samuel Marot, German Evangelist theologian (* 1770)
• 18. October: Henry JohnTemple, British politician (* 1784)
• 25. November: Heinrich Barth, German Africa researcher (* 1821)
• 28. November: Johann Martin rag mountain, German historian (* 1794)
• 1. December: Abraham Emanuel merry, Swiss theologian andWriter (* 1796)
• 4. December: Adolph Kolping, German catholic priest (* 1813)
• 10. December: Leopold I. (Belgium), king of Belgium (* 1790)
• 31. December: Fredrika of Bremen, Swedish authoress and guide thatWomen's movement (* 1801)

heads of state

Europe

• Portugal: Ludwig I., King of Portugal, (1861 - 1889)
• Switzerland: Karl give, Federal President of Switzerland