1866

events

see also: List of the heads of state 1866

• 14. June: Because of different conceptions over the status of Schleswig-Holstein it comes to Prussian-Austrian war.
• 15. June: The Asteroid Thisbe is discovered.
• 3. July: Battle of Königgrätz: Prussia defeats Austria.
• 12. July: Battle with anger: Skirmish between nassauischen and Prussian troops in the place anger (today local partof Heidenrod in the Rhine gau rope US circle in Hessen).
• 20. July: Sea-battle of Lissa: The Austrian fleet defeats Italy.
• 27. July: Prussia come to Schrattenthal into Lower Austria.
• 23. August: Peace of Prague, Austria and Prussia terminate the German war. Self dissolution of the German federation in Augsburg.
• 14. September: The Prussian by rivet RK law comes into force. The army and condition conflict are terminated thereby.
• 21. September: Introduction of the victorious Prussian army in Berlin after that Battle with Königgrätz.
• 3. October: Peace of Vienna. Peace treaty between Italy and Austria over the completion of the German war in upper Italy.

• The Ku-Klux-clan is created in Pulaski/ threshing floor lake.
• Alfred Nobel invents the dynamite.
• Paulus Melchers becomes archbishop of Cologne.
• The Principality of Liechtenstein becomes independent.

culture

• 5. January: Premiere of the opera the breaking citizens in Böhmen of Bedrich Smetana in Prague
• 27. May: Premiere of the opera Astorga of Johann Joseph Abert in Stuttgart
• 30. May: Premiere of the opera the sold bride of Bedrich Smetana in Prague
• establishment kind of institutes OF Chicago
• E: Mariot develops the oil pressure
• establishment orchestra citizen of Berlin of music friends registered association.

born

• 4. January: Joel Hastings Metcalf, US-American astronomer († 1925)
• 10. January: Ludwig Aschoff, German pathologist († 1942)
• 13. January: Wassili Sergejewitsch Kalinnikow, Russian composer († 1901)
• 15. January: Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom,Swedish Protestant theologian († 1931)
• 15. January: Nathan Söderblom, Swedish theologian and Nobel peace prize carrier († 1931)
• 19. January: Karl tail man, German homeland researcher († 1943)
• 19. January: William Idel, homeland researcher and poet († 1927)
• 29. January: Romain roll and, French writer († 1944)
• 31. January: Emil bunch, German poet († 1960)
• 2. February: Light courage of Gerlach, German politician and journalist († 1935)
• 5. February: Rosetter Gleason Cole, US-American composer († 1952)
• 9. February: Alexandre François Louis Cailler, Swiss entrepreneur and national council († 1936)
• 10. February: Bror Beckman, Swedish composer († 1929)
• 15. February: Pawel Petrowitsch Trubetzkoy, Russian sculptor († 1938)
• 16. February: Paul baron von Schoenaich, German major general, later Pazifist. († 1954)
• 19. February: Thomas Jefferson Jackson lake, US-American astronomer († 1962)
• 20. February: Carl Westman,Swedish architect († 1936)
• 21. February: August von Wassermann, German Immunologe and bacteriologist († 1925)
• 22. February: Curt Grottewitz, German scientist, writer and Germanist († 1905)
• 25. February: Benedetto Croce, ItalianPhilosopher, historian and politician († 1952)
• 25. February: Heinrich bold, Austrian photographer († 1944)
• 26. February: Aurelio Galli, cardinal of the Roman catholic church († 1929)
• 4. March: Franz Biener, German politician
• 6. March: Hans Christiansen, German painter and craftsman († 1945)
• 7. March: Paul Ernst, German writer and dramatist († 1933)
• 13. March: Franz Rudolf fount water, bishop von Trier († 1951)
• 23. March: Emil Fey, Austrian politician of the first republic of Austria († 1938)
• 24. March: Johann Nepomuk of houses, Prälat and Austrian politician (CS) († 1927)
• 25. March: John Ponsonby, British general andDivision commander in the 1. World war († 1952)
• 26. March: Carl Christian Mez, German Botaniker and university professor († 1944)
• 26. March: Fred Karno, owner of theatre († 1941)
• 27. March: Andon Zako Çajupi, Albanian writerand translators († 1930)
• 29. March: Fritz Arnheim, German historian († 1922)
• 1. April: Ferruccio Busoni, pianist, composer, conductor and music teacher († 1924)
• 3. April: James Barry Munnick heart-pulled, South African generaland politicians († 1942)
• 6. April: Lincoln Steffens, US-American journalist († 1936)
• 7. April: Eric Ivar Fredholm, Swedish professor for mathematics († 1927)
• 8. April: Fritz Mackensen, German painter († 1953)
• 10. April: Theodor Lerner, German journalist and polar researcher († 1931)
• 13. April: Alexander Iljitsch Uljanow, brother of Lenin († 1887)
• 13. April: Butch Cassidy, US-American of lawless († 1908)
• 14. April: Anne Sullivan Macy, teacher of blind children († 1936)
• 14. April: Felix Raymond Marie Rouleau, archbishop of Québec and cardinal († 1931)
• 17. April: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Reisch, Austrian politician and lawyer († 1938)
• 19. April: Henri Deterding, Netherlands Industrieller († 1939)
• 22. April: Hans's von Seeckt, colonel general of the realm resistance in Germany († 1936)
• 3. May: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations von Kehler, Ballonfahrer, Luftschiffpionier, Militär († 1943)
• 6. May: Jóannes Patursson, färöischer farmer, poet and nationalistic politician († 1946)
• 14. May: Edgar Jaffé, German politician († 1921)
• 17. May: Eric Satie, French composer and pianist († 1925)
• 17. May: JulianBalthasar Marchlewski, Polish politician and joint founder of the Spartakusbundes († 1925)
• 28. May: Franz of Bayros, artist († 1924)
• 3. June: Hermann Joseph Sträter, bishop in Cologne and Aachen († 1943)
• 6. June: William wall cutter, German sculptor († 1942)
• 7. June: E. W. Hornung, English crime film writer († 1921)
• 12. June: Alwin of fire, German politician and trade union leader6 († 1949)
• 13. June: Aby being castle,Art historian and culture scientist († 1929)
• 15. June: Charles Wood, Irish composer († 1926)
• 26. June: George harsh ore, 5th Earl OF Carnarvon, English Aristokrat († 1923)
• 29. June: Ignaz pipe, German catholicTheologian († 1944)
• 6. July: Walter Troeltsch, political economist professor in Marburg († 1933)
• 11. July: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Beer Hofmann, Austrian dramatist and poet († 1945)
• 12. July: Emiliano Figueroa Larraín, Chilean politician and president(† 1931)
• 12. July: La Goulue, French CAN CAN dancer and Dompteuse († 1929)
• 13. July: Agnes friend, German actress
• 13. July: Anacleto de Medeiros, Brazilian composer († 1907)
• 14. July: Ragnar east mountain, Swedish architect († 1945)
• 21. July: Victor Franke, commander of the imperial colonial force in German southwest Africa († 1936)
• 23. July: Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and music teacher († 1950)
• 27. July: AntónioJosé de Almeida, Portuguese politician († 1929)
• 28. July: Beatrix Potter, English child book authoress and - illustratorin. († 1943)
• 2. August: Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery, Polarforscher († 1934)
• 5. August: Carl DietrichHarries, German chemist († 1923)
• 12. August: Jacinto Benavente, Spanish dramatist and Literaturnobelpreisträger (1922) († 1954)
• 16. August: Rudolf Greinz, Austrian writer († 1942)
• 21. August: Franz Salvator of Austria Toskana,Austrian ore duke († 1939)
• 24. August: Josef Jarno, Austrian actor and theatre manager († 1932)
• 25. August: Thomas Hunt Morgan, US-American zoologist and Genetiker († 1945)
• 29. August: Hermann Löns, German journalistand writers († 1914)
• 31. August: Elizabeth von Arnim, German authoress († 1941)
• 31. August: George Arthur Jensen, Danish artist († 1935)
• 1. September: Jordan May, German Franziskaner († 1922)
• 2. September: Hiram Johnson, US-American politician, governor of California († 1945)
• 10. September: Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish writer († 1930)
• 10. September: Gate Aulin, Swedish composer († 1914)
• 16. September: GeorgeVoigt (mayor), mayors of Frankfurt/Main († 1927)
• 21. September: Charles Jules Henry Nicolle, French physician and micro biologist († 1936)
• 21. September: Charles Nicolle, French physician and micro biologist († 1936)
• 21. September: H. G. Wells, English writer († 1946)
• 25. September: Thomas Hunt Morgan, US-American zoologist and Genetiker († 1945)
• 27. September: Wacław of Rolicz songs, Polish poet († 1912)
• 29. September: Erich Adickes, German philosopher († 1928)
• 29. September: J.E. Casely Hayford, Ghanaian politician, attorney and writer († 1930)
• 29. September: Mychajlo Hruschewskyj, politician and activist in the Ukrainian national movement († 1934)
• 4. October: Evaristo Lucidi, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1929)
• 6. October: Heinrich Federer, Swiss writer († 1928)
• 6. October: Nina fear for, Danish politician and first female Danish minister († 1928)
• 6. October: Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor
• 8. October: Maximilian webers, Mineraloge and geologist († 1944)
• 9. October: Emine Nazikeda, last empress of the Osmani realm († 1941)
• 10. October: Ferdinand cutter,German engineer, entrepreneur and inventor († 1955)
• 12. October: Johannes sitting brook, German trade unionist († 1940)
• 12. October: Ramsay MacDonald, British politician and prime minister († 1937)
• 13. October: George Groddeck, German Psychosomatikerand writers († 1934)
• 15. October: Konishiki Yasokichi (Yokozuna), Japanese Sumōringer and 17. Yokozuna († 1914)
• 25. October: George Schumann (composer), German composer († 1952)
• 28. October: Elsa amber, Theaterdichterin over1900 († 1949)
• 29. October: Dmitri Pawlowitsch Parski, Russian general († 1921)
• 29. October: Gustav joke, German astronomer († 1946)
• 29. October: SAM Eyde, Norwegian engineer and Industrieller († 1940)
• 31. October: EH von Tiele Winckler, German Diakonisse († 1930)
• 4. November: Carlo Cremonesi, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1943)
• 6. November: Karl glass-sing, mayor of Wiesbaden, upper financial president in Darmstadt († 1952)
• 7. November: Paul Lincke, German composer and Kapellmeister († 1946)
• 8. November: Harsh ore Austin, English Industrieller and politician († 1941)
• 9. November: Ferdinand Hanusch, Austrian social reformer († 1923)
• 11. November: Antoine Meillet, French Sprachwissenschafter († 1936)
• 12. November: Sun Yat sen, first president of the Republic of China († 1925)
• 16. November: George Gradnauer, German politician († 1946)
• 22. November: Oskar Messter, GermanFilm pioneer († 1943)
• 26. November: Andreas's farmer (Missionar), catholic monk, Missionar and martyr († 1900)
• 29. November: Waldemar of Baussnern, German composer and music paedagogue († 1931)
• 4. December: Wassily Kandinsky, RussianPainter and commercial artist († 1944)
• 10. December: Karl Maria Wiligut, National Socialist Esoteriker († 1946)
• 12. December: Alfred Werner, Schweizer chemist († 1919)
• 14. December: Roger Fry, English painter and art critic († 1934)
• 17. December: Giovanni Mercati, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1957)
• 17. December: Mario Garcia Menocal, president of Cuba 1913-1921 († 1941)
• 21. December: Maud Gonne, Irish revolution airs († 1953)
• 21. December: Rudolf of Tavel, Swiss journalist and book author († 1934)
• 25. December: Max Vienna, German physicist († 1938)

died

• 23. January: Ernst Wilhelm God-dear Wachsmuth, German historical researcher (* 1784)
• 23. January: Peter Joseph Lenné, German gardner and landscape architect (* 1789)
• 26. January: Robert Foulis, Scottish inventor (* 1796)
• 31. January: Friedrich back ore, German poet, translator and Orientalist (* 1788)
• 7. February: Eduard Blösch, conservative Swiss politician (* 1807)
• 6. March: Ignaz Paul Vitalis Troxler, Swiss physician, politician and philosopher (* 1780)
• 14. March: Jared Sparks, US-American historian (* 1789)
• 20. March: Rikard Nordraak, Norwegian composer (* 1842)
• 24. March: Ferdinand Heinrich Friedrich (Hessen Homburg), general and last land count of Hessen Homburg (* 1783)
• 23. April: Charles Grant, Scottish politician (* 1778)
• 26. April: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt, French-German astronomer and painter (* 1802)
• 17. May: Adolf Bernhard Marx, German composer and music scientist (* 1795)
• 29. May: Winfield Scott, US-American military and Oberbefehlhaber (* 1786)
• 30. May: Johann Baptist plow, German painter (* 1785)
• 20. June: Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (* 1826)
• 24. June: William Ferdinand Ermeler, German Industrieller and secret Kommerzienrat (* 1784)
• 7. July: Adolf Diesterweg, German paedagogue and publishing house founder (* 1790)
• 26. July: Ernst Helbig, German painter and who-Niger-desert yard painter (* 1802)
• 30. July: Gábor Egressy, Hungarian actor (* 1808)
• 3. August: Friedrich Karl Hermann Kruse, German historian (* 1790)
• 7. September: Friedrich Beckmann, German Komiker (* 1803)
• 7. September: Matthias William Baldwin, US-American Industrieller (* 1795)
• 21. September: Karl Ludwig Hencke, German amateur astronomer (* 1793)
• 26. September: Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, Swedish writer and composer (* 1793)
• 13. October: Celadon Daboll, US-American inventor (* 1818)
• 18. October: Manuel Bulnes Prieto, ChileanPolitician and general (* 1799)
• 18. October: Philipp Franz of filter old, German physician, Japan and natural scientist (* 1796)
• 14. November: Michael I. (Portugal), king of Portugal (* 1802)
• 30. November: John Mercer, English chemist (* 1791)
• 1. December: George Everest, British engineer (* 1790)
• 3. December: Edward Hincks, Irish Assyriologe and one the earliest Entzifferer of the cuneiform script (* 1792)
• 3. December: Johann WenzelKalliwoda, böhmischer composer (* 1801)
• 6. December: Karl Pfaff, German paedagogue, historian and singer father (* 1795)

heads of state

Europe

• Portugal: Ludwig I., King of Portugal, (1861 -1889)
• Switzerland: Melchior Josef Martin Knüsel, Federal President of Switzerland, (1866)