1868

events

• 6. April: The Mormonenführer Brigham Young marries to 27. Times.

politics

see also: List of the heads of state 1868

• 10. April: In the battle around the fortress Magdala defeats a British expedition army native units of the king of Abessinien, Theodor II., set from India in march..
• 7. December - Develops the Prussian province Hessen Nassau.
• 11. December: Signing of the Peter citizens convention
• the USA away Laramie capitulate before different Indian - trunks in the contract from.

science and technology

• James Clerk Maxwell formulate its theory of the electrical and magnetic fields.
• Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer find the element helium in the solar spectrum (during a solar eclipse).
• Establishment of the technical University of Munich

culture

• 23. March: Establishment of the university of California
• 16. May: Premierethe opera Dalibor of Bedrich Smetana in Prague
• 21. June: Premiere of the opera the Meistersinger by Nuremberg von Richard Wagner in Munich
• 27. October: Bricklayer master John Jordan Upchurch creates first in Meadville ( Pennsylvania, the USA)US-American free bricklayer brother shank “Ancient order OF United Workmen “as” fraternal charity federation for white men “.
• War and peace of Leo Tolstoi appear.

• The Tabascosauce is invented.
• In Steinfurth by Heinrich Schultheis the first German rose nursery garden of Germany one creates.
• An enterprise in the USA introduces the first eight-hour working day of the world.

disasters

• 3. April: Earthquake of unknown quantity strength on Hawaii, the USA. 77 dead ones
• 21. October: Earthquake of unknown quantity strength in Hayward, California, The USA. 30 dead ones

born

• 2. January: Noe Schordania, Georgian prime minister († 1953)
• 3. January: Heinrich Brauns, German politician († 1938)
• 4. January: Rudolf Lebius, German journalist († 1946)
• 8. January: Franc Dyson, English astronomer († 1939)
• 9. January: Sören Sörensen, Danish chemist († 1939)
• 10. January: Carl Albrecht Bernoulli, Swiss Evangelist theologian and writer († 1937)
• 10. January: OSCAR Schlitter, German banker († 1939)
• 11. January: Cai Yuanpei, Chinese paedagogue and rector of the Peking university († 1940)
• 13. January: Julian Borchardt, German journalist († 1932)
• 15. January: Otto von Lossow, German general († 1938)
• 19. January: Gustav Meyrink, Austrian writer († 1932)
• 20. January: William shepherd, German writer († 1952)
• 26. January: Joseph of mutton, bishop in Cologne(† 1944)
• 29. January: Albin Egger Lienz, Austrian painter († 1926)
• 31. January: Carl Petersen, German politician († 1933)
• 31. January: Theodore William Richards, US-American chemist († 1928)
• 1. February: Gustav Zeitzschel, German opera singer († 1951)
• 4. February: Constance Markiewicz, Irish Freiheitskämpferin († 1927)
• 5. February: Henri Hinrichsen, German publisher († 1942)
• 9. February: Paul Reusch, German manager († 1956)
• 20. February: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Hessian, German zoologist († 1944)
• 22. February: David Devant, British Bühnenzauberer († 1941)
• 23. February: W.E.B. You Bois, black civil rights activist and sociologist († 1963)
• 25. February: Erwin tree, German politician, Prime Minister of Thuringia († 1950)
• 29. February: Heinrich Class, politician († 1953)
• 1. March: Sophie Chotek, wife of the Austrian successor to the throne Franz Ferdinand († 1914)
• 2. March: Edmund Schulthess, Swiss politician († 1944)
• 3. March: Émile Chartier, French philosopher, writer and journalist († 1951)
• 5. March: Johann Karl Riebnitz, German author, cook and philosopher († 1924)
• 7. March: Giovanni Giacometti, Swiss painter († 1933)
• 12. March: Fritz Berger, founder of the Evangelist brother association († 1950)
• 15. March: Lida Gustava Heymann, GermanSwiss Frauenrechtlerin († 1943)
• 21. March: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Wachsmuth, GermanExperimental physicist († 1941)
• 22. March: Alfred Fowler, British astronomer († 1940)
• 22. March: Robert Andrew Millikan, US-American physicist († 1953)
• 23. March: Dietrich kind of hitting a corner, German journalist and paternal friend Adolf Hitler(† 1923)
• 23. March: John Carson, US-American Country musician († 1949)
• 25. March: Agnes Karll, Reformerin of the German nursing for the sick († 1927)
• 26. March: Fuad I., King of Egypt († 1936)
• 28. March: Cuno Amiet, painter († 1961)
• 28. March: Maxim Gorki, Russian writer († 1936)
• 30. March: Koloman Moser, Austrian painter, commercial artist and craftsman († 1918)
• 31. March: Karl Bonhoeffer, German psychiatrist and neurologist († 1948)
• 1. April: Edmond rust and, French theatre writer († 1918)
• 5. April: Leopold friend, Austrian Röntgenologe († 1943)
• 7. April: Federico Caprilli, Italian ride master († 1907)
• 8. April: Simon Gfeller, Emmentaler dialect poet († 1943)
• 10. April: George Arliss, British actor († 1946)
• 10. April: Max Eckert Greifendorff, German professor († 1938)
• 14. April: Peter Behrens,German painter and architect († 1940)
• 15. April: Francisco Braga, Brazilian composer († 1945)
• 18. April: Irene of Chavanne, Austrian old singer († 1938)
• 19. April: Max one of Schilling, German composer, conductorand theatrical director († 1933)
• 22. April: Friedrich Münzer, German classical Philologe († 1942)
• 22. April: Friedrich Seetzen, German Konsistorialpräsident and mayor of spices († 1943)
• 26. April: Max Geissler, German editorand writer, literature scientist († 1945)
• 28. April: Georgi Feodosjewitsch Woronoi, Russian mathematician († 1908)
• 28. April: Hermann Lietz, German reform paedagogue († 1919)
• 1. May: Väinö I., Prince and land count to Hessen,King of Finland († 1940)
• 2. May: Robert Williams Wood, US-American experimental physicist († 1955)
• 7. May: Stanisław Przybyszewski, Polish writer († 1927)
• 12. May: Aluminium Shean, US-American-German Komiker († 1949)
• 13. May: Otto von Dandl, Bavarian lawyer and politician († 1942)
• 14. May: Magnus deer field, German mental specialist, Sexualfor († 1935)
• 15. May: Karl sound hit, German politician, honour citizen of Stuttgart († 1952)
• 18. May: Ludwig land man, German politician, mayor of Frankfurt/Main († 1945)
• 18. May: Nikolaus II., last Russian emperor and Zar († 1918)
• 19. May: John Fillmore Hayford, US-American engineer andGeodät († 1925)
• 23. May: Harry count Kessler, German art collecting tank, Mäzen, author, and diplomat († 1937)
• 28. May: Claude Anet, French writer († 1931)
• 29. May: Abdülmecid II., last Kalif of theOsmani realm († 1944)
• 31. May: Jane Avril, French dancer († 1943)
• 3. June: Henning Mankell, Swedish composer († 1930)
• 5. June: James Connolly (trade unionist), Irish trade unionist and politician († 1916)
• 5. June: January Thorn Prikker (artist), Netherlands artist († 1932)
• 6. June: Heinrich hero, Bavarian politician († 1938)
• 6. June: Robert Falcon Scott, British naval officer and polar researcher († 1912)
• 7. June: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish architect, commercial artist and painter († 1928)
• 7. June: David Janowski, Polish chess player († 1927)
• 7. June: John Sealy Edward Townsend, British physicist († 1957)
• 7. June: Peter Nonnenmühlen, Kommunalpolitiker and mayor in Moenchengladbach († 1952)
• 8. June: Ennoble Gerhard, German authoress († 1956)
• 14. June: Karl Landsteiner, Austrian bacteriologist and Nobelpreisträger († 1943)
• 15. June: Berthold masonry crusher, German Philologe and historian († 1943)
• 18. June: Miklós Horthy, Hungarian politician († 1957)
• 20. June: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Riemerschmid, German architect and artist († 1957)
• 20. June: Walter Bloem, German writer(† 1951)
• 29. June: George Ellery resounds, US-American astronomer († 1938)
• to 30. June: Alois Musil, Czech Orientalist, minister and theologian († 1944)
• 30. June: Lauri Ingman, Finnish theologian and politician († 1934)
• 2. July: Julius Moses, German naturheilkundlicher physician and politician († 1942)
• 4. July: Henrietta Swan Leavitt, US-American Astronomin († 1921)
• 5. July: William Henry Singer, US-American art collecting tank and painter († 1943)
• 9. July: Gustav Noske, German politician, Minister in the Weimar Republic († 1946)
• 10. July: Wascha Pschawela, Georgian writer and nature philosopher († 1915)
• 12. July: Stefan George, German poet and writer(† 1933)
• 14. July: Gertrude Bell, British travel authoress and Historikerin († 1926)
• 19. July: Moritz Heimann, German writer and journalist († 1925)
• 23. July: Charles Doughty Wylie, British career officer and diplomat († 1915)
• 28. July: Leonhard Ragaz, Swiss theologian († 1945)
• 30. July: Alfreds webers, German sociologist and political economist († 1958)
• 2. August: Konstantin I., Greek king († 1923)
• 2. August: Theodor Wolff, German writer, journalist and critic († 1943)
• 5. August: Oskar Merikanto, Finnish composer († 1924)
• 6. August: Paul Claudel, French poet and diplomat († 1955)
• 7. August: Granville Bantock, English composer († 1946)
• 10. August: Hugo Eckener, German air boat operator, successor of Ferdinand count von Zeppelin († 1954)
• 13. August: Camillo Olivetti, Italian engineer and firm founder († 1943)
• 6. September: Heinrich hectar Berlin, Swiss politician and Upper House of Parliament († 1947)
• 18. September: January Verkade, Netherlands painter and Benediktiner († 1946)
• 23. September: Johannes Bell, German politician († 1949)
• 29. September: Gustav Mie,German physicist († 1957)
• 3. October: Francisco de Asís Vidal y Barraquer, archbishop of Tarragona and cardinal († 1943)
• 7. October: Fred Hovey, US-American tennis player († 1945)
• 7. October: Vladimir Ledóchowski,Polish aristocrats († 1942)
• 8. October: Fidus, German painter and Illustrator († 1948)
• 8. October: Max Slevogt, German painter, commercial artist, Illustrator and stage designer († 1932)
• 11. October: Ernst Kornemann, German old historian(† 1946)
• 12. October: August Horch, German mechanical engineer († 1951)
• 16. October: Franz Xaver knights of Epp, German soldier and National Socialist politician († 1946)
• 16. October: Hermann the castle, German architect († 1935)
• 18. October: Ernst Didring, Swedish writer († 1931)
• 24. October: Alexandra David Néel, French travel authoress († 1969)
• 24. October: Gustav Lübcke, German buyer, art collecting tank and director of museum († 1925)
• 8. November: Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician († 1942)
• 9. November: Marie Dressler, Canadian actress († 1934)
• 11. November: Édouard Vuillard, French painter of the symbolism († 1940)
• 14. November: Konrad Biesalski, GermanAn orthopedist († 1930)
• 17. November: Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist and psychiatrist († 1918)
• 17. November: Paul Hirsch, German politician, Prime Minister of Prussia 1918-1920 († 1940)
• 20. November: August Euler, German flight pioneer(† 1957)
• 21. November: Peter Friedrich George von Holstein Gottorp, Russian aristocrats († 1924)
• 22. November: John Nance Garner, 32. Vice-president of the USA († 1967)
• 24. November: Scott Joplin, US-American composer andPianist († 1917)
• 25. November: Ernst Ludwig (Hessen), Grand Duke of Hessen darmstadt († 1937)
• 27. November: Wolfgang von Kries, German civil servant and politician († 1945)
• 5. December: Arnold Sommerfeld, German physicist († 1951)
• 7. December: Theophil worm, German theologian and Evangelist bishop († 1953)
• 9. December: Fritz Haber, German chemist and pioneer of the chemical war guidance. († 1934)
• 18. December: Carlo Perosi, cardinal thatRoman-catholic church († 1930)
• 19. December: Théodore Steeg, French politician († 1950)
• 20. December: Arturo Alessandri Palma, Chilean politician († 1950)
• 22. December: Käthe Paulus, first German occupation air inclined holidays († 1935)
• 24. December: Emanuel Lasker, GermanJewish chess player († 1941)
• 24. December: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations pond man, German chess master († 1925)
• 25. December: La barks Otéro, revue dancer, singer († 1965)
• 28. December: Ferdinand Birkner,Archaeologist († 1944)

died

• 7. January: William Batchelder Bradbury, US-American composer (* 1816)
• 8. January: Adolf Heinrich count von Arnim Boitzenburg, Prussian politician (* 1803)
• 23. January: Heinrich of Brandt, Prussian general of the infantry (* 1789)
• 28. January: Adalbert founder, Austrian writer (* 1805)
• 3. February: Karl Mathy, Minister of State in bathing (* 1807)
• 10. February: David Brewster, Scottish physicist, inventorthe Kaleidoskops (* 1781)
• 11. February: Jean Bernard Léon Foucault, French physicist (* 1819)
• 19. February: Venancio Flores, South American general
• 29. February: Ludwig I., King by Bavaria (* 1786)
• 2. March: Franz Carl Adelbert Eberwein, director of music and conductor at the grossherzoglichen opera in Weimar (* 1786)
• 28. March: James Thomas Earl OF Cardigan, British general (* 1797)
• 31. March: Jacob Ludwig Theodor deer,German politician (* 1801)
• 3. April: Franz Berwald, Swedish composer and Violinist (* 1796)
• 4. April: Eduard van the zero, Austrian architect (* 1812)
• 24. April: Franz Haniel, German entrepreneur (* 1779)
• 22. May: Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist (* 1801)
• 23. May: Kits Carson, US-American pioneer and Grenzer and discoverer (* 1809)
• 27. May: George Egestorff, German Industrieller (* 1802)
• 1. June: James Buchanan, US-American politician, 15. President of the USA (* 1791)
• 11. June: August Sicard of Sicardsburg, Austrian architect (* 1813)
• 11. June: James Brooke, bereiste as an adventurer the territorial watersNorth Borneos (* 1803)
• 26. June: Johann Nepomuk Zwerger, German sculptor (* 1796)
• 15. July: William Thomas Green Morton, US-American physician, Wegbereiter of the anaesthesia (* 1819)
• 18. July: Emanuel Leutze, US-American painter(* 1824)
• 20. July: Johann Friedrich Kittl, Czech composer (* 1806)
• 29. July: Albrecht Theodor Middeldorpf, physician, founder of the Galvanokaustik (* 1824)
• 30. July: Michael Tompa, Hungarian poet (* 1819)
• 21. August: Karl Immanuel Nitzsch, theologian (* 1787)
• 25. August: Charlotte Birch Pfeiffer, German actress and authoress (* 1800)
• 25. August: Jacob van Lennep, Netherlands writer (* 1802)
• 27. August: FranzXaver Schnyder of waiting lake, Swiss composer and music author (* 1786)
• 29. August: Christian Friedrich beautiful leg, GermanSwiss chemist (* 1799)
• 4. September: Eduard Friedrich Poeppig, German explorers (* 1798)
• 26. September: AugustFerdinand Möbius, German astronomer and mathematician (* 1790)
• 2. October: François Christophe Edouard cellar man, French statesman and diplomat (* 1802)
• 17. October: Laura Secord, Canadian national heroine of the war of 1812 (* 1775)
• 18. October: Rama IV., King of Siam (* 1804)
• 26. October: William Griesinger, German psychiatrist and internalist (* 1817)
• 9. November: John Mercer Johnson, English-Canadian politician (* 1818)
• 13. November: Gioacchino Rossini, Italian composer (* 1792)
• 30. November: August Theodor Blanche, Swedish writer (* 1811)
• 3. December: William Adolf Lette, German social politician and lawyer (* 1799)
• 6. December: August Schleicher, German linguist(* 1821)
• 13. December: Carl Friedrich Philipp of Martius, German natural scientist, Botaniker and Ethnograph (* 1794)
• 25. December: Linus Yale, US-American inventor (cylinder lock) (* 1821)
• 25. December: Karel Chotek, Czech aristocrats,Manager and politician (* 1783)

heads of state

Europe

• Portugal: Ludwig I., King of Portugal, (1861 - 1889)
• Switzerland: Jakob Dubs, Federal President of Switzerland, (1868)