1870

events

see also: List of the heads of state 1870

2. September 1870 surrender negotiations in Donchery

• 18. July: I. Vatikani council announces the dogma of the infallibility of the Pope.
• 19. July: With the declaration of war of France at Prussia the French-German war begins.
• 4. August: 1. Battle in the French-German war with Wissembourg/Weissenburg, northElsass
• 6. August: Conquest of the Spichener heights (Saarland) by German troops
• 18. August: Storm on pc. Privately (Metz, France) the French main army
• 30. August: Battle with Beaumont
• 1. September: Battle with Sedan
• 2. September: Afterthe defeat with Sedan in the French-German war France capitulates; Meeting Otto von Bismarcks with Napoleon III. in Donchery.
• 3. September: Napoleon III. in the lock William height in Kassel one interns.
• 19. September: The FE storage of Paris begins.
• 20. September: Italian troops occupy Rome, the capital of the church state. Pope Pius IX. regards itself in the Vatikan as a “prisoner”.
• 2. October: The inhabitants of the church state agreed the combination with the Kingdom of Italy; Independence of Italy; Rome becomesin place of Florenz capital.
• 3. December - king Ludwig II. by Bavaria William favors I. of Prussia as emperors of the German Reich which can be created.

politics

• 30. March: The 15. Additive for US condition is adopted,the former slaves the right to vote grants.
• 13. July: The so-called. “Emser telegram “arranges to explain France Prussia (and thus the protection and Trutzbündnis) the war (French-German war).
• 15. July: Manitoba becomes Canadian province.

economics

• 10. January: John D. Rockefeller reorganized as a partner a refinery company and calls the enterprise standard oil company.
• 26. February: The Commerzbank AG is created in Hamburg.
• 9. April: In Berlin those opens Deutsche Bank AG their enterprise.
• 25. June: The first sales day „of the correspondence maps “brings a paragraph of 45.000 pieces of these new postcards in Berlin.

science and technology

• Troja are rediscovered and excavated.
• Washburn Langford Doane expedition by the areathe today's Yellowstone national park, the USA
• first driving attempts with a primitive gasoline-claimant vehicle born by Siegfried

]

• 2. January: Ernst Barlach, German writer, sculptor and draughtsman († 1938)
• 3. January: Henry trade Richardson,Australian authoress († 1946)
• 6. January: Eduard Stemplinger, German writer († 1964)
• 6. January: Gustav farmer, German politician, Prime Minister and realm chancellor († 1944)
• 8. January: Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish generaland dictator († 1930)
• 10. January: Hans's von Raumer (realm Minister), German politician, realm Minister († 1965)
• 16. January: William Normann, German chemist († 1939)
• 20. January: Guillaume Lekeu, Belgian composer († 1894)
• 22. January: Charles Tournemire, French composer († 1939)
• 25. January: Helge of cook, Swedish mathematician († 1924)
• 2. February: Annette Kolb, German authoress († 1967)
• 3. February: Ada Negri, Italian authoress († 1945)
• 7. February: Alfreds eagles, Austrian psychologist and mental specialist († 1937)
• 9. February: Arthur Illies, German painter and commercial artist († 1952)
• 12. February: Hugo Stinnes, German large-scale manufacturerand politicians († 1924)
• 13. February: Leopold Godowski, Polish pianist and composer († 1938)
• 24. February: Jules Géraud Saliège, archbishop of Toulouse and cardinal († 1956)
• 3. March: August Merges, German politicianand revolutionaries († 1945)
• 3. March: Géza Maróczy, Hungarian chess player († 1951)
• 5. March: Franc Norris, US-American writer († 1902)
• 6. March: OSCAR Straus, Austrian Operettenkomponist († 1954)
• 7. March: Ernst Leonard Lindelöf, Finnish mathematician († 1946)
• 11. March: Louis Bachelier, mathematician († 1946)
• 12. March: Grigol Zereteli, Georgian Altphilologe († 1938)
• 13. March: Albert Meyer, Schweizer politician († 1953)
• 20. March: Ernst Lejeune, German buyer and Numismatiker († 1944)
• 20. March: Paul von Lettow Vorbeck, Prussian major general and writer († 1964)
• 21. March: Heinrich Waentig, German political economist († 1943)
• 25. March: Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann, German astronomer († 1964)
• 26. March: Luigi Sincero, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1936)
• 31. March: George gets Thomas, British publisher and aviation pioneer († 1929)
• 2. April: Josef Moser (Upper House of Parliament), Austrian politician and Upper House of Parliament († 1952)
• 4. April: Torii Ryūzō, Japanese Anthropologe and archaeologist († 1953)
• 6. April: Oskar Vogt, German brain researcher († 1959)
• 7. April: Gustav Landauer, theoretician and activist of the German anarchy mash († 1919)
• 15. April: Mina Benson Hubbard, Canadian explorers († 1956)
• 17. April: Max mountain, German architect († 1947)
• 17. April: Rudolf pound, Austrian Ethnograph, Anthropologe and researcher († 1921)
• 22. April: Lenin, Russian politician, head of the October Revolution († 1924)
• 24. April: Otto Reutter, German Komiker († 1931)
• 28. April: Jules Blangenois, Belgian composer and conductor († 1957)
• 30. April: Franz Lehár, Austrian composer of Hungarian origin († 1948)
• 2. May: William J. Seymour, colored US-American Minister († 1922)
• 4. May: Hermann bad,Music teacher in the Hermann bad High School († 1943)
• 5. May: Earthling of grasses, German writer († 1937)
• 9. May: Hans Baluschek, German painter, commercial artist and writer († 1935)
• 10. May: Franz Xaver Mueller, Austrian composer,Priest and Domkapellmeister († 1948)
• 16. May: Karel Kašpar, archbishop of Prague and cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1941)
• 20. May: Arthur Korn, German physicist and mathematician († 1945)
• 24. May: JanuaryChristiaan Smuts, South African statesman and soldier († 1950)
• 13. June: Jules boron December, Belgian biologist and Immunologe († 1961)
• 14. June: Sophie of Prussia, wife of Konstantin I. of Greece († 1932)
• 15. June: Maud save he barrier oh, US-American Tennisspielerin († 1954)
• 21. June: Clara Immerwahr, second woman with in Germany († 1915)
• 25. June: Robert Erskine Childers, Irish author and independence fighter († 1922)
• 1. July: Inches Ammann, Swedish-German Frauenrechtlerin († 1932)
• 1. July: Léonard Misonne, photographer († 1905)
• 7. July: Joseph Koeth, German military and politicians († 1936)
• 8. July: Gertrud Grunow,German opera singer and Pianistin († 1944)
• 12. July: Ludwig II. (Monaco), prince of Monaco († 1949)
• 13. July: George Hartmann (Frankfurt), German manufacturer and honour citizen of Frankfurt/Main († 1954)
• 21. July: Adolf Küry, bishop in Switzerland († 1956)
• 21. July: Emil Orlik, böhmischer painter, commercial artist and craftsman († 1932)
• 23. July: A. J. George Howaldt, shipbuilder, entrepreneur († 1937)
• 25. July: Carlo Salotti, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1947)
• 27. July: Hilaire Belloc, English writer († 1953)
• 27. July: Siegfried of Roedern, German politician of the Kaiser era († 1954)
• 2. August: Marianne webers, German Frauenrechtlerin, sociologies and Rechtshistorikerin († 1954)
• 7. August: Gustav Krupp of planks and halfoh, directors/conductors of the Krupp company († 1950)
• 12. August: Karl thinks, German series murderer († 1924)
• 30. August: Lawr Georgijewitsch Kornilow, Russian general († 1918)
• 31. August: Maria Montessori, Italian lady doctor, philosophies and Philanthropin († 1952)
• 2. September: Luise of Austria Toskana, Saxonian crowning princess († 1947)
• 15. September: Rahel deer, German Medizinerin († 1953)
• 16. September: John Pius Boland, the first olympia winner in the tennis († 1955)
• 19. September: Willem January Aalders, Netherlands theologian († 19. March 1945)
• 22. September: Iwan Alexejewitsch Bunin, Russian writer, Nobelpreisträger († 1953)
• 23. September: George long Hans, mayor von Köpenick († 1918)
• 24. September: Georges Claude, French physicist († 1960)
• 26. September: Christian X. (Denmark),King of Denmark († 1947)
• 28. September: Florent Schmitt, French composer († 1958)
• 30. September: Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist († 1942)
• 2. October: Alfreds Cossmann, Austrian Kupferstecher and industrial designer († 1951)
• 2. October: Johannes Baptista Sproll, German bishop and opponent of the national socialism († 1949)
• 7. October: Uncle Dave Macon, US-American Country musician († 1952)
• 8. October: Louis Vierne, French composer and organist († 1937)
• 8. October: William Bünger, lawyer and politician, Saxonian Miniserpräsident (1929-1930) († 1937)
• 9. October: Ernst von Dobschütz, German theologian (20. Jh.), secret Konsistorialrat († 1934)
• 10. October: Josephine of filters, GermansTalking document urine, child book authoress († 1941)
• 10. October: Paul Geheeb, Pädagoge († 1961)
• 18. October: Josiah Ritchie, English tennis player († 1955)
• 22. October: Iwan Alexejewitsch Bunin, Russian writer and poet († 1953)
• 22. October: Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, Norwegian shipowner and politician († 1943)
• 24. October: Ferdinand Bender, German Anarchist and politician († 1939)
• 28. October: Ladislaus Batthyány Strattmann, blessed physician and member of the aristocracy family thatBatthyánis († 1931)
• 29. October: Michael Rostovtzeff, Russian-American old historian († 1952)
• 2. November: Gustav Ricker, German scientist and physician († 1948)
• 6. November: Harsh ore Louis Samuel, British politician and diplomat († 1963)
• 6. November: Karl Janisch, German building master, architect and honour citizen in Piesteritz († 1946)
• 21. November: Alexander Berkman, litauischer Anarchist and writer († 1936)
• 21. November: Gottfried Fankhauser, Sundays school paedagogue, writer andPresident of the Evangelist society († 1962)
• 21. November: Sigfrid Edström, Swedish entrepreneur and sport functionary († 1964)
• 22. November: Howard Brockway US-American composer († 1951)
• 25. November: Maurice Denis, French painter of the symbolism(† 1943)
• 27. November: Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Finnish politician and president († 1956)
• 30. November: Gertrud Eysoldt, German actress and rain eating urine († 1955)
• 5. December: Vítězslav Novák, Austrian composer and conductor(† 1949)
• 10. December: Adolf Loos, Austrian architect and architectural theorist († 1933)
• 14. December: Karl racer, Austrian Federal Chancellor and Federal President († 1950)
• 15. December: Alexander Lion, German physician and pathfinder († 1962)
• 15. December: Josef Hoffmann, Austrian architect and designer († 1956)
• 18. December: Hector Hugh Munro, British writer († 1916)
• 28. December: Charles Bennett, British athlete and olympia winner († 1949)
• 30. December: Josef Mueller (minister), Swiss hospital minister and collecting tank of people legends († 1929)

died

• 9. January: George De Lacy Evans, British general (* 1787)
• 10. January: Heinrich God-dear bold,German Arkanist and director of the royal Porzellanmanufaktur (* 1788)
• 25. January: Victor de Broglie, French statesman and diplomat (* 1785)
• 1. February: Augusts Regnaud de Saint Jean d'Angely, French general, marshal of France (* 1794)
• 25. February: Henrik Hertz, Danish writer (* 1798)
• 1. March: Francisco Solano López, president of Paraguay (* 1827)
• 9. March: Theodore Labarre, French Harfenvirtuose and composer (* 1805)
• 15. March: Matte house Friedrich Chemnitz, German lawyer; 29 wrote the text for the Schleswig-Holstein song ( * 1815
• ). March: Paul Émile Botta, French archaeologist and consul (* 1802)
• 2. April: Patrick Gass, US-amerikanischer soldier and discoverer (* 1771)
• 5. April: Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German physicist and chemist (* 1802)
• 7. April: Claude Félix Abel Niepce de Saint Victor, French chemist, inventor and photographer (* 1805)
• 8. April: Charles Augusts deBériot, Belgian Violinist, Violinpädagoge and composer (* 1802)
• 11. April: Justo José de Urquiza, Präsident Argentina 1856 - 1864 (* 1801)
• 16. April: Maria Carolina of Bourbon Sicilies, oldest daughter king Franz I. of Neapel(* 1798)
• 1. May: Gabriel Lamé, French mathematician and physicist (* 1795)
• 15. May: Harro Paul Harring, German revolutionary, poet and painter (* 1798)
• 30. May: Charles Duncan Cameron, English officerand consul in Abessinien
• 9. June: Charles of thickening, English writer (* 1812)
• 18. June: Karl Eduard Vehse, German historical writer (* 1802)
• 20. June: Jules de Goncourt, French writer (* 1830)
• 22. July: Josef bunch, Austrian composer and conductor (* 1827)
• 14. August: David Glasgow Farragut, US-American naval officer in the US-American civil war (* 1801)
• 21. August: Gustav of Struve, German politician, attorney, journalist and In a revolutionary manner of 1848/49 (* 1805)
• 1. September: Charles Joseph Flahaut, French general and politician (* 1785)
• 11. September: Joseph Anton of Maffei, German Industrieller, railway manufacturer (* 1790)
• 12. September: Carl August ofStone welfare, German physicist (* 1801)
• 20. September: John Brinckman, flat-German writer (* 1814)
• 23. September: Pro by Mérimée, French writer (* 1803)
• 6. October: Johann Andreas thrust ore, German civil engineer (* 1808)
• 12. October: Robert Edward Lee, general of the Southern States in the war of secession (* 1807)
• 20. October: Michael William Balfe, Irish composer and singer (* 1808)
• 24. October: Antonius Maria Claret, holy Spanish bishopand medal founders (* 1807)
• 29. October: Frédéric Bazille, French painter (* 1841)
• 1. November: Frederick Chamier, English writer (* 1796)
• 24. November: Comte de Lautréamont, French writer 19. Century (* 1846)
• 24. November: Isidore Ducasse, French poet (* 1846)
• 5. December: Alexandre Dumas, French writer (* 1802)
• 5. December: Herman Severin Løvenskiold, Norwegian composer (* 1815)
• 12. December: Augustof Voit, German architect (* 1801)

• Moshoeshoe I., chieftain of Lesotho

of heads of state

Europe

• Portugal: Ludwig I., King of Portugal, (1861 - 1889)
• Switzerland: Jakob Dubs, Federal PresidentSwitzerland, (1870)