1871

events

see also: List of the heads of state 1871

• 3. January: Henry Bradley receives a US patentto the production of margarine.
• 16. February: French-German war - after 108 days FE storage the eastFrench city Belfort to the German troops over will hand.
• 11. March: The church school inspection in the German Reich is waived by the school supervision law and thesesubordinates the national supervision.
• 8. to 10. October: With the large fire in Chicago nearly the whole city burns down.

• The first German Freiwillige fire-brigade, „Freiwillige the deletion and rescue corps “ Meissen, is created.
• On Mauritius becomes from thatBritish administration an immigration stop for Indian imposes.
• Beginning of an economic bloom time: Founder years
• of the Ku Klux Klan the first time is forbidden.

politics

• 18. January: King William I. from Prussia becomes in the mirror hall Versailles the emperorproclaimed: Establishment of the German Reich (establishment of realm)
• 25. January: Paris is fired at.
• 28. January: Paris capitulates; this means the end of the French-German war. Armistice is signed.
• 13. March: The Pontuskonferenz in London lifts neutrality andDemilitirization of the black sea up.
• 18. March: 28. May: first socialist revolution in France (see Paris municipality)
• 21. March: In Berlin first German Reichstag one opens. Emperor Wilhelm I. thront with it on from Goslar procured emperor chair Heinrichs III.
• 21. March: Otto von Bismarck is appointed the realm chancellor and raised into the prince conditions.
• 16. April: The Bismarck realm condition is adopted as law and to the legal basis for the German empire.
• 10. May:Peace negotiations between France and Germany in Frankfurt/Main end with the peace from Frankfurt.

science and technology

• 20. April: First conference of timetable of the German railways.

culture

• 11. April: Premiere of the opera Mirjam of August Klughardt in Weimar
• James McNeill Whistler paints its most famous work, Whistler's MON ago.
• Establishment of the university for art and Design Helsinki
• establishment of the Slade School OF kind
• publication of the thought experiment: Maxwell Dämon
• methodical turning point in stillyoung Wissenschaftsdiziplin history of art: the publicly delivered Dresden getting leg controversy

born

• 2. January: Johann Gottfried Bischoff, Stammapostel of the Neuapostoli church († 1960)
• 3. January: Max fighting ore, Swiss composer and conductor († 1941)
• 5. January: Frederick Shepherd Converse, US-American composer († 1940)
• 7. January: Émile Borel, French mathematician and politician († 1956)
• 10. January: George William Diehl, German priest and historian († 1944)
• 14. January: Nikolaus cash, German bishop († 1935)
• 17. January: David Beatty, admiral of the Royal Navy († 1936)
• 18. January: Franz lead, Austrian writer, translator and literary critic († 1942)
• 19. January: Ludwig Maria Hugo, bishop of Mainz († 1935)
• 4. February: Friedrich Ebert, first realm president of the Weimar Republic († 1925)
• 7. February: William Stenhammar, Swedish composer, pianist and conductor († 1927)
• 9. February: Fran Saleški Finžgar, Slovenian Roman-catholic priest and writer († 1962)
• 9. February: Howard Taylor Ricketts, US-American pathologist († 1910)
• 16. February: Arthur Ponsonby, British civil servants, politician, writer and Pazifist († 1946)
• 18. February: George Udny Yule, Scottish statistician († 1956)
• 21. February: Paul Cassirer, German publisher and Galerist († 1926)
• 21. February: William of Debschitz, painters, designers and art teachers in Munich(† 1948)
• 24. February: Hedwig Dransfeld, German politician, Frauenrechtlerin († 1925)
• 24. February: Otto von Zwiedineck Südenhorst, Austrian political economist († 1957)
• 25. February: Lesja Ukrainka, Ukrainian Dichterin, Dramaturgin and translator († 1913)
• 25. February: Olive Campbell, US-American tennis player († 1953)
• 1. March: Oskar Heinroth, German Ornithologe, director/conductor citizens of Berlin of the aquarium († 1945)
• 3. March: Maurice Garin, French wheel running driver († 1957)
• 4. March: Boris Grigorjewitsch Galerkin, Soviet engineer and mathematician († 1945)
• 5. March: Pink Luxembourg, German representative of the international workers' movement († 1919)
• 9. March: Arthur Ficken, US-American composer († 1954)
• 9. March: Emil Rosenow, German writer († 1904)
• 14. March: Bernhard Winter, German painter († 1964)
• 14. March: Walter Stoeckel, German Gynäkologe († 1961)
• 18. March: Fanny (countess) to Reventlow, German authoress(† 1918)
• 19. March: Maria von Vetsera, Austrian aristocrat († 1889)
• 22. March: Franz Adam Beyerlein, German writer († 1949)
• 23. March: Maurice Garin, French wheel running driver († 1957)
• 25. March: Hermann Abert, German music scholar († 1927)
• 27. March: Heinrich man, German writer († 1950)
• 28. March: Willem Mengelberg, Netherlands conductor († 1951)
• 4. April: Arthur Wehnelt, German physicist († 1944)
• 10. April: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, engineer and inventor from Croatia († 1922)
• 11. April: Theodor Pallady, Romanian painter († 1956)
• 12. April: August Endell, German architect of art nouveau († 1925)
• 12. April: Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and politician († 1941)
• 15. April: Jonathan Zenneck, German physicist and radio pioneer († 1959)
• 16. April: John Millington Synge, Irish dramatist († 1909)
• 21. April: Leo sheet metal, German composer and conductor († 1958)
• 23. April: František Josef Čečetka, Czech writer and paedagogue († 1942)
• 29. April: William star, German psychologist († 1938)
• 4. May: Salomo Friedlaender, German philosopher and writer († 1946)
• 6. May: Christian morning star, German poet and writer († 1914)
• 6. May: Victor Grignard, French chemist († 1935)
• 11. May: Carl JamesBühring, German architect, local politician († 1936)
• 11. May: Franc Schlesinger, US-American astronomer († 1943)
• 16. May: Victor Grignard, French chemist († 1935)
• 18. May: Fanny to Reventlow, German authoress († 1918)
• 19. May: Pietro Boetto, archbishop of Genova and cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1946)
• 19. May: Walter Russell, US American philosopher († 1963)
• 23. May: Käte Duncker, German politician († 1954)
• 25. May: Otto Dempwolff, German linguist and Volkskundler († 1938)
• 27. May: Georges Rouault, French painters and commercial artists († 1958)
• 27. May: Oskar Picht, German inventor of the blind typewriter († 1945)
• 30. May: Nándor Dáni, Hungarian athlete († 1949)
• 9. June: Cölestin Maier, Benediktinermönch and abbott of Schweiklberg († 1935)
• 12. June: Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach, German paleontologist († 1952)
• 14. June: Jacob Christian Hansen Ellehammer, Danish aviation pioneer († 1946)
• 19. June: Alajos Szokolyi, slowakischer participant of the first olympic summer games 1896 († 1932)
• 19. June: Fritz Hofmann, German athlete and olympia participant († 1927)
• 22. June: William McDougall, English-American psychologist († 1938)
• 28. June: Sergei Nikolajewitsch Bulgakow, Russian economist and orthodox theologian († 1944)
• 3. July: William Henry Davies, English poet († 1940)
• 8. July: Walter Breisky, Austrian politician († 1944)
• 10. July: Marcel Proust, French writer, critic and intellectual († 1922)
• 15. July: Max Bodenstein, Physikochemiker († 1942)
• 17. July: Lyonel Feininger, German-American-French caricaturist and painter († 1956)
• 18. July: Giacomo Balla, Italian painter of the Futurismus († 1958)
• 23. July: Carel man, Netherlands problem composer († 1928)
• 25. July: Friedrich Pützer, German architectand masters of building of churches († 1922)
• 27. July: Ákos Buttykay, Hungarian composer († 1935)
• 27. July: Ernst Zermelo, German mathematician († 1953)
• 27. July: Theodore Dreiser, US-American writer († 1945)
• 1. August: Eduard von Winterstein, German Filmschauspieler († 1961)
• 3. August: Vernon Louis Parrington, US-American literature scientist and historian († 1929)
• 13. August: Karl dear farmhand, German socialist politician († 1919)
• 14. August: Guangxu, Emperors of China († 1908)
• 15. August: Arthur George Tansley, British plant ecologist and Geobotaniker. († 1955)
• 16. August: Special air Paliaschwili, Georgian composer († 1933)
• 19. August: Orville WRIGHT, US-American flight pioneerand aircraft manufacturers († 1948)
• 21. August: Hugo count of and to lark field on Köfering and beautiful mountain, politician († 1944)
• 21. August: Leonid Nikolajewitsch Andrejew, Russian writer († 1919)
• 29. August: Albert Lebrun, French politician and last president of the third republic († 1950)
• 29. August: Jack Butler Yeats, Irish artist († 1957)
• 30. August: Ernest Rutherford, English atomic physicist, Nobelpreisträger († 1937)
• 3. September: Ernst Neumann Neander, Kunstmaler and Erfinder, Motorradbauer († 1954)
• 8. September: Franz Karl Ginzkey, Austrian poet and writer († 1963)
• 14. September: Karl Joseph trained, archbishop of the ore diocese Cologne († 1941)
• 19. September: Ernst Poensgen, German large-scale manufacturer († 1949)
• 19. September: Fritz Schaudinn, German zoologist and Immunologe († 1906)
• 22. September: Charlotte Cooper, English Tennisspielerin († 1967)
• 23. September: Frantisek Kupka, CzechPainter († 1957)
• 24. September: Charlotte Dod, British Tennisspielerin († 1960)
• 26. September: Winsor McCay, US-American caricaturist and Comiczeichner († 1934)
• 28. September: Pietro Badoglio, Italian politician and general († 1956)
• 30. September: Carrots Liljefors, Swedish composer († 1936)
• 1. October: Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani, cardinal of the Roman-catholic church († 1951)
• 2. October: Cordell cladding, minister of foreign affairs of the USA and Nobelpreisträger († 1955)
• 7. October: George Hermann, German writer († 1943)
• 13. October: Julius Mössel, German artist († 1931)
• 14. October: Alexander of Zemlinsky, Austrian composer and conductor († 1942)
• 17. October: Friedrich east village, architect († 1915)
• 19. October: Luigi Albertini, Italian politician and journalist († 1941)
• 19. October: Walter Cannon, US-American physiologist († 1945)
• 20. October: Stroke ore Gessner, Austrian architect († 1943)
• 22. October: Briefly Wildhagen, German sokratischer teacher and publisher of the works of Turgenjews († 1949)
• 23. October: Gjergj Fishta, Albanian Frankziskaner and poet († 1940)
• 30. October: Paul Valéry, FrenchPhilosopher, essayist, writer and poet († 1945)
• 1. November: Stephen Crane, US-American writer († 1900)
• 3. November: Hanns Heinz Ewers, German writer and film producer († 1943)
• 11. November: Leopold Kunschak, AustrianPolitician († 1953)
• 15. November: Erich Tschermak, Austrian Botaniker († 1962)
• 16. November: Hugo Lederer, German sculptor († 1940)
• 28. November: Gerardo Machado Morales, third Cuban president and dictator († 1939)
• 28. November: Karl August Walbrodt, German chess player († 1902)
• 13. December: Albin Mueller, Architekt, Pädagoge and Gestalter († 1941)
• 13. December: Emily Carr, Canadian painter († 1945)
• 14. December: August von Hayek, Austrian Botaniker († 1928)
• 17. December: Lazarus Goldschmidt, Orientalist († 1950)
• 20. December: Andreas Blunck, German lawyer and politician († 1933)
• 20. December: Henry Kimball Hadley, US AmericanComposer and conductor († 1937)
• 29. December: Giuseppe Motta, Swiss politician († 1940)
• 30. December: Otto Ruff, German chemist († 1939)

died

• 4. January: Vincent eagle, Hungarian composer(* 1826)
• 16. January: Jacques Louis Randon, French general, marshal of France (* 1795)
• 25. January: William Weitling, early socialist (* 1808)
• 4. February: Hermann of Pückler Muskau, German condition gentleman, park Gestalter (* 1785)
• 7. February: Heinrich stone way, ethnic German US-American piano farmer (* 1797)
• 8. February: From Moritz of shrink, Austrian-German painter (* 1804)
• 20. February: Paul Kane, Canadian painter (* 1810)
• 24. February: Julius pointing brook, German mathematician and engineer (* 1806)
• 3. March: Michael Thonet, German carpenter master, Industrieller unf furniture designers (* 1796)
• 18. March: Augustus de Morgan, English mathematician (* 1806)
• 18. March: George Gottfried Gervinus, German historian and national liberal politician (* 1805)
• 19. March: William knight of Haidinger, Austrian geologist and Mineraloge (* 1795)
• 26. March: Adalbert Heinrich ・ Graf ・馮Baudissin， deutscher Schriftsteller (* 1820)
• 7。 April: William of Tegetthoff, admiral in the Austria-Hungarian war navy (* 1827)
• 15. April: Karl Benjamin Preusker, German writer, archaeologist and museum pioneer in Saxonia (* 1786)
• 1. May: Andreas Andresen, German art book author (* 1828)
• 11. May: John Herschel, British astronomer (* 1792)
• 12. May: Daniel François ESPRIT Auber, French composer (* 1782)
• 13. May: Anselme Payen, French chemist, physicist and mathematician (* 1795)
• 14. May: Agénor Étienne de Gasparin, French journalist and politician (* 1810)
• 18. May: Eduard Friedrich weber, German physiologist and physician (* 1806)
• 22. May: Friedrich stem, Austrian poet and dramatist (* 1806)
• 22. May: Leopold IV., Duke of notion Dessau (* 1794)
• 24. May: Georges Darboy, archbishop of Paris (* 1813)
• 29. May: Blasius Kozenn, Austrian Kartograph (* 1821)
• 13. June: Jean EugèneRobert Houdin, French Magier (* 1805)
• 14. June: Moritz Rathenau, German buyer and entrepreneur (* 1800)
• 9. July: Philipp August von Amsberg, German railway general manager (* 1788)
• 19. July: Ferdinand David, German composer(* 1810)
• 3. September: Václav Emanuel Horák, Czech composer (* 1800)
• 6. September: Josef Naus, German officer and measurement technician (* 1793)
• 6. September: Mehmed Emin Ali pasha, osmanischer statesman (* 1815)
• 9. September: Louis Edouard Bouet Willaumez, French admiral (* 1808)
• 13. September: Sinasi, Turkish poet, writer (* 1826)
• 16. September: Heinrich Marr, German actor (* 1797)
• 25. September: Arvid AugustAfzelius, Swedish people song collecting tank (* 1785)
• 7. October: John Fox Burgoyne, English field marshal (* 1782)
• 18. October: Charles Babbage, English mathematician, philosopher and inventor (* 1791)
• 8. November: To Charles Francis resound,US-American polar researcher (* 1821)
• 28. November: Of Louis Rossel, French officer (* 1844)
• 16. December: Willibald Alexis, German writer and poet (* 1798)
• 17. December: Henry Theodore Tuckerman, US-American writer (* 1813)
• 21. December: Francis Garnier, French explorers (* 1839)
• 21. December: Louise Aston, German authoress (* 1814)

heads of state

Europe

• Portugal: Ludwig I., King of Portugal, (1861 - 1889)
• Switzerland: Karli give, Federal President of Switzerland