1878

events

see also: List of the heads of state 1878

• 3. March: Peace of San Stefano: That Osmani realm must bend itself a dictated peace favorable for Russia. Since the increase in power of Russia goes to the great powers Austria Hungary , Great Britain and France too far, it will come still in the same year to the citizen of Berlin congress (see below)
• 31. May: In The two German warships collide to English Channel with one another „to king William “and „large cure prince “; during the fall „the large cure prince “269 humans 15
• die. June to 14. July: Berlin congress under the presidency Otto von Bismarcks: Romania, Serbia and Montenegrobecome independent, Romania receives besides the Dobrudscha, for it however a part of Bessarabien at Russia transfer must. Bulgaria receives a special status, remains however for the Osmani realm opposite tributary. Austria Hungary may occupy Bosnia and the Herzegowina, to Great Britain receives Cyprus by way of lease, during Raszien, Albania, Macedonia and Rumelien with the Osmani realm remain
• to 11. May and 2. June: On emperors Wilhelm I.in Berlin successively two assassination attempts are committed: An author is executed, the other one can itself before thatAccess of the security guards arrange. In the consequence discharges German Reichstag to
• 19. October: Reichstag decides with 221 voices of conservative ones and liberals against 149 voices of progressive ones, center and Social Democrat the law against in common-dangerous effortsthe social-democracy and legalisiert thereby socialist pursuit under the name Mehmed Emin pasha
• well-known Africa researchers Eduard Schnitzer from Oppeln, raised from Otto von Bismarck to the state doctrine , the governor of the Turkish-Egyptian equatorial province in Central Africa [

is appointed

• In Germany the first law protecting working mothers will issue. It planned three work-free weeks after relieving.

science and technology

• Josiah wanting pool of broadcasting corporations Gibbs develop its phase rule of thermodynamics
• Carl Gustav Patrik de Laval invent the separator
• Adolf ofBaeyer develops the Indigosynthese

born

• 1. January: Agner Krarup attain, Danish mathematician († 1929)
• 1. January: Edwin Franko Goldman, US-American composer and conductor († 1956)
• 1. January: Harsh ore Chapman,English football player and coach († 1934)
• 4. January: Gerdt of bass joke, German writer († 1923)
• 6. January: Adeline Genée, Danish ballet dancer († 1970)
• 6. January: Carl Sandburg, US-American poet († 1967)
• 9. January: John B. Watson, US-American psychologist († 1958)
• 10. January: Johann Lemmerz, technical designer and entrepreneur († 1952)
• 10. January: Samuel C. Bradford, English librarian († 1948)
• 11. January: Theodoros Pangalos, general and politician in Greece († 1952)
• 12. January: Ferenc Molnár, Hungarian writer and journalist († 1952)
• 12. January: Franz Molnar, Austrian dramatist, feuilletonist, Romancier and journalist († 1952)
• 17. January: Emil Helfferich, German Southeast Asia buyer
• 21. January: Egon Friedell, Austrian writer and actor († 1938)
• 23. January: Harry Steier, German opera singer (tenor) († 1936)
• 23. January: Rutland Boughton, EnglishComposer († 1960)
• 24. January: Johannes Runge, German athlete and olympia participant († 1949)
• 25. January: Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-American electrical engineer († 1975)
• 26. January: Rudolf Alexander Schröder, German poet and writer († 1962)
• 28. January: Walter package, German composer († 1940)
• 31. January: Heinrich Delp, German politician († 1945)
• 1. February: Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian float († 1955)
• 5. February: André Citroën, French automobile technical designer († 1935)
• 7. February: Magnus of brown, father from who ago of brown and victory mouth of brown († 1972)
• 8. February: Martin Buber, Jewish religion philosopher († 1965)
• 8. February: Willem Hessian left, Netherlands football player († 1973)
• 14. February: Hans Ledwinka, Austrian autotechnical designer († 1967)
• 14. February: Hirota Kōki, 32. Japanese prime minister († 1948)
• 22. February: Walter cut, Swiss mathematician († 1909)
• 23. February: Kasimir Malewitsch, Ukrainian painter „of the futuristic “painting († 1935)
• 28. February: Artur cut, estnischer composer († 1952)
• 28. February: Pierre Fatou, French mathematician († 1929)
• 2. March: Move Johannes de Haas, Netherlands physicist and mathematician († 1960)
• 3. March: Leopold Jessner, German theatre and film director († 1945)
• 13. March: Otto honey-forge, Czech-Austrian chemist († 1945)
• 16. March: Clemens August count von Galen, German bishop and cardinal († 1946)
• 16. March: Reza Schah Pahlavi, Schah of Persia († 1944)
• 17. March: Pink Valetti, actress and Kabarettistin († 1937)
• 22. March: Jean Strauwen, Belgian composer and conductor († 1947)
• 22. March: Michel Théato, of Luxembourg athlete († 1905)
• 23. March: Franz Schreker, Austrian composer († 1934)
• 26. March: Leo of Prittwitz andGaffron, Russian major general († 1957)
• 31. March: August Winnig, German trade unionist and writer († 1956)
• 31. March: Jack Johnson (Boxer), US-American Boxer († 1946)
• 1. April: Carl star home, German dramatistand author († 1942)
• 2. April: Do Dobronić, Croatian composer († 1955)
• 5. April: Carl honour mountain, German composer († 1962)
• 5. April: George mix, German philosopher († 1965)
• 5. April: Wolf Dohrn, German Reformer († 1914)
• 6. April: Erich laborious, Anarchist and writer († 1934)
• 8. April: Rudolf Nelson, musicians, pianist, composer and theatre manager († 1960)
• 9. April: Marcel Grossmann, Swiss mathematician († 1936)
• 11. April: George H. Fast, German actor († 1951)
• 11. April: Heinrich old gentleman, Swiss painter († 1947)
• 12. April: Smelling pool of broadcasting corporations Goldschmidt, German biologist and Genetiker († 1958)
• 15. April: Robert Walser, Swiss writer († 1956)
• 18. April: Engelbert Wittich, jenischer writer († 1937)
• 21. April: Albert Weisgerber, German painter and commercial artist († 1915)
• 28. April: Lionel Barrymore, US-American actor and director († 1954)
• 29. April: Peter Dörfler, German priest and homeland poet († 1955)
• 3. May: Cruz Hernandez, allegedly oldest humans of the world (officially not recognized)
• 6. May: Gas clay/tone Leroux, French journalist and crime film writer († 1927)
• 6. May: Harry Farjeon, English composer († 1948)
• 10. May: Gustav Stresemann, minister of foreign affairs of the Weimar Republic and Nobel peace prize carrier († 1929)
• 12. May: Massimo Bontempelli, Italian writer († 1960)
• 21. May: Glenn Curtiss, US-American running driver, aviation pioneer, pilot and entrepreneur († 1930)
• 25. May: Bill Robinson, afroamerikanischer step dancer († 1949)
• 25. May: Wolfgang Gaede,Pioneer of the vacuum engineering († 1945)
• 27. May: Isadora Duncan, US-American dancer († 1927)
• 30. May: Hermine of grains, German actress, rain eating urine, theatre chief († 1960)
• 30. May: Raymond Smith Dugan, US-American astronomer († 1940)
• 3. June: Carl Heinrich Alexander Ernemann, German entrepreneur and technical designer of cinema devices († 1956)
• 3. June: Lawrence Joseph Henderson, chemist, biologist († 1942)
• 4. June: Franc Buchman, US-American theologian (†1961)
• 4. June: Ludwig dry, airship technical designer († 1956)
• 5. June: Jacob Dahl, färöischer Propst and Bible translator († 1944)
• 5. June: Pancho mansion, freedom fighter, people hero, governor and general († 1923)
• 16. June: Fritz Behn, German sculptor († 1970)
• 19. June: Edmond Jaloux, French writer and literary critic († 1949)
• 25. June: Jean Gallon, French composer and composition teacher († 1959)
• 25. June: Marie Elizabeth Lüders, German politician († 1966)
• 26. June: Albert Siklós, Hungarian composer († 1942)
• 28. June: Robert Breuer, German journalist and journalist († 1943)
• 1. July: Ernst Gehrcke, GermanPhysicist († 1960)
• 1. July: Joseph Maréchal, French philosopher († 1944)
• 4. July: William Amsinck Burchard Motz, German attorney and politician († 1963)
• 6. July: Eino Leino, Finnish writer († 1926)
• 8. July: Edgar Dacqué, German paleontologist and nature philosopher († 1945)
• 17. July: Artur Kutscher, Dt. Literature and theatre scientist († 1960)
• 19. July: Charles Victor Mauguin, professor for mineralogy († 1958)
• 22. July: Janusz Korczak, Polish physician, child book author and paedagogue († 1942)
• 22. July: Lucien Febvre, French historian († 1956)
• 24. July: Edward Plunkett, 18. Baron Dunsany, Irish Fantasy writer († 1957)
• 24. July: Lord Dunsany, Irish Fantasy writer († 1957)
• 27. July: August Aichhorn, Austrian paedagogue and Psychoanalytiker († 1949)
• 27. July: Matsui Iwane, kommandierender officer of the Japanese troops († 1948)
• 28. July: Vinzenz Schumy, Austrian politician († 1962)
• 29. July: Don Marquis, US-American writer, poet and journalist († 1937)
• 29. July: Gustav Bratke, mayor of Hanover († 1952)
• 1. August: Maria Caspar Filser, German painter(† 1968)
• 2. August: August Högn, German composer and historian († 1961)
• 3. August: Constantino Gaito, Argentine composer, conductor and pianist († 1945)
• 9. August: Eileen Gray, Irish Innenarchitektin and Designerin(† 1976)
• 9. August: Paul Renner, German Typograf († 1956)
• 10. August: Alfreds Döblin, German physician and writer († 1957)
• 10. August: Karl Geiler, first Prime Minister of Hessen († 1953)
• 15. August: Pjotr Nikolajewitsch Wrangel, general in the Russian civil war († 1928)
• 17. August: Paul Ludwig Troost, German architect († 1934)
• 18. August: Fritz Brun, Swiss composer († 1959)
• 19. August: Manuel L. Quezon, Philippine politician († 1944)
• 28. August: George Hoyt Whipple, US-American pathologist († 1976)
• 28. August: Hermann vinegar, German dramatist, storyteller and poet († 1918)
• 28. August: Rudolf Swiderski, German chess master († 1909)
• 30. August: Arthur Koepchen, technical executive committee of the today's RWE AG († 1954)
• 31. August: Franc Jarvis, US-American athlete († 1933)
• 1. September: John Frederick Charles filler,British major general and military historian († 1966)
• 1. September: Tullio Serafin, Italian conductor († 1968)
• 2. September: Maurice René Fréchet, French mathematician († 1973)
• 2. September: Werner von Blomberg, German general andMinister († 1946)
• 3. September: Dorothea Douglas, British Tennisspielerin († 1960)
• 5. September: Robert von Lieben, Austrian physicist († 1913)
• 7. September: Laura Schradin, German politician and MdL († 1937)
• 8. September: George Lotter, German engineer. († 1949)
• 16. September: Karl Albiker, sculptor and pupil of Augusts Rodin († 1961)
• 20. September: Upton Sinclair, US-American writer († 1968)
• 21. September: Clara westhope, sculptress († 1954)
• 22. September: Yoshida Shigeru, Japanese Prime Minister († 1967)
• 24. September: Albert Gottheiner, German architect († 1940)
• 24. September: Charles Ferdinand Ramuz, Swiss writer († 1947)
• 26. September: Briefly baron von Hammerstein Equord, German general and opponent of Hitler († 1943)
• 29. September: Heinrich charcoal burner, German politician († 1949)
• 1. October: Othmar stretch, Austrian political economist, sociologist and philosopher († 1950)
• 12. October: Karl Buresch, Austrian politician († 1936)
• 13. October: Josef wedge, Austrian historian, Epigraphiker and archaeologist († 1963)
• 16. October: Maxwell Long, US-American athlete and olympia winner († 1959)
• 18. October: James Truslow Adam, Historiker writer († 1949)
• 19. October: Hermann Claudius, German homeland poet († 1980)
• 20. October: Arthur Scherbius, German inventor and entrepreneur († 1929)
• 29. October: Alexanderof falcon living, German general († 1966)
• 30. October: Paul August Reimund franc, architect († 1951)
• 31. October: Gyula Grosz, physician († 1959)
• 1. November: Carlo Saavedra Lama, Argentine politician († 1959)
• 1. November: Pál Teleki, Hungarian scientist and politician († 1941)
• 1. November: Paul Beckers, German Komiker († 1965)
• 5. November: Mikhail Petrowitsch Arzybaschew, Russian Schruftsteller († 1927)
• 6. November: Briefly Goldstein, neurologist and psychiatrist († 1965)
• 7. November: Lise Meitner, Austrian-GermanSwedish Atomphysikerin († 1968)
• 10. November: Jorge Ubico Castañeda, Guatemalan president and dictator († 1946)
• 10. November: Karl Hofer, German painter of the expressionism († 1955)
• 14. November: Elizabeth Tombrock, medal foundress († 1938)
• 14. November: Louis Marcoussis, Polish commercial artist and painter († 1941)
• 15. November: Erich Basarke, architect († 1941)
• 17. November: Berta Lask, German Dichterin († 1967)
• 18. November: Helene of Nostitz, German authoress († 1944)
• 21. November: Bess Brenck Kali, German Dichterin († 1933)
• 21. November: Gustav wheel break, German lawyers and - politicians († 1949)
• 22. November: Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Romanow, large prince of Russia († 1918)
• 23. November: Ernest J. King, US-American admiral in 2. World war († 1956)
• 23. November: Holcombe Ward, US-American tennis player († 1967)
• 24. November: Heinrich Allina, Austrian politician and journalist († 1953)
• 25. November: George emperor, dramatist of the expressionistischen generation († 1945)
• 15. December: Hans Carossa,German poet and author († 1956)
• 18. December: Gerhard Bohlmann, German writer and journalist († 1944)
• 21. December: January Łukasiewicz, Polish philosopher, mathematician and logician († 1956)
• 23. December, Micheil Zereteli,Georgian historian and diplomat († 1965)
• 24. December: Gustav of miner, internalist and medicine professor († 1955)
• 30. December: Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer, Austrian author, dramatist and poet († 1962)

died

• 9. January: Viktor Emanuel II., King by Italy and Sardinien (* 1820)
• 18. January: Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist (* 1788)
• 26. January: Ernst Heinrich weber, German physiologist and Anatom (* 1795)
• 31. January: Franz Josef pay for, lawyer and catholic politician (* 1803)
• 1. February: George Cruikshank, British caricaturist (* 1792)
• 7. February: Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, Papst from 1846 to 1878 (* 1792)
• 7. February: Pius IX., Pope since 1846 (* 1792)
• 8. February: Elias Magnus Fries, Swedish Botaniker (* 1794)
• 10. February: Claude Berne pool of broadcasting corporations, French physiologist (* 1813)
• 20. March: JuliusRobert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (* 1814)
• 27. March: George Gilbert Scott, English architect (neo-gothic style) (* 1811)
• 4. April: Wolf Baudissin, German diplomat, writer and translator (* 1789)
• 17. April: Luigi Bienaimé, Italian sculptor (* 1795)
• 25. April: Anna Sewell, British authoress (* 1820)
• 6. May: François Benoist, French composer (* 1794)
• 13. May: Joseph Henry, US-American scientist andProfessor (* 1797)
• 14. May: Okubo Toshimichi, Japanese Minister of the Interior of the Meiji time (* 1830)
• 5. June: Ernst von Bibra, Naturforscher and Schriftsteller (* 1806)
• 6. June: Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general, marshalof France (* 1795)
• 6. June: Robert Stirling, Scottish priest and engineer (* 1790)
• 12. June: George V. (Hanover), king of Hanover, last monarch of the Kingdom of Hanover (* 1819)
• 12. June: Julius Faucher, German journalist, free trader and Manchester liberal (* 1820)
• 12. June: William Cullen Bryant, US-American poet and journalist (* 1794)
• 15. June: Soamiji Maharaj, Indian Mystiker and religion founder of the Radhasoami religion (* 1818)
• 29. June: Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer and Jesuitenpater (* 1818)
• 2. July: François Bazin, French composer (* 1816)
• 8. July: Franz Xaver winter owners, German Portraitmaler and Lithograf (* 1805)
• 21. July: Johann Baptist special country, German painter and Radierer (* 1805)
• 23. August: Adolf Fredrik Lindblad, Swedish composer (* 1801)
• 7. September: Mehmed Ali pasha, Turkish field gentleman (* 1827)
• 22. September: William Carpenter, German Protestant theologian (* 1807)
• 8. November: Hermann Goed, German writer (* 1812)
• 17. November: Adolph Methfessel, German composer (* 1807)
• 22. November: Ludwik Mieroslawski, Polish revolutionary (* 1814)
• 27. November: Albert Emil curlew, German writer (* 1824)
• 15. December: Nikolai Wladimirowitsch Chanykow, Russian explorers (* 1819)
• 18. December: Heinrich Proch, Austrian composer (* 1809)
• 19. December: Bayard Taylor, US-American travel writer and poet (* 1825)
• 23. December: Heinrich Buff, German physicist and chemist (* 1805)
• 23. December: Johann Jakob Scherer, Swiss politician (* 1825)
• 28. December: José BernardoAlcedo, Peruvian composer (* 1788)

heads of state

Europe

• Portugal: Ludwig I., King of Portugal, (1861 - 1889)
• Switzerland: Karl give, Federal President of Switzerland, (1878)