8. Century

8. Century began at the 1. January 701 and ended to 31. December 800.
In Europe it is the epoch of the early Middle Ages.

ages/epoch

• Islamic expansion:
  • Conquest of the Westgoten - realm on the iberischen peninsula (battle at the Guadalete, 711)
    • Asturien can maintain ground as “resistance nest” (battle ofCovadonga, 722)
  • final end of the Arab expansion in the west after the defeat against Franconias (battle with route and Poitiers, 732)
  • second FE storage Konstantinopels fails (to 717/18)
  • Industal is conquered; Central Asia is held after the battle at the Talas;the destruction of the Indian advanced culture by the Islamic conquerers begins
• Buddhismus as reaction to the ideas of Islamic conquerers in India the Indian Mahayana - and Vajrayana - to Tibet is introduced, by king Trisong Detsen, tantrischen master the Padmasambhava andIndian abbott the Santarakshita. From this time the Nyingma follows - school of the Tibetan Buddhismus.
• Death of the Tibetan king Ligmincha, fall the Tibetan Bön - king dynasty of Zhang Zhung
• Byzantine picture controversy: Theological argument over the Anbetung of icons
• progressing deprivation of powerthe merowingischen kings by the karolingischen house Meier; Joggle of the last Merowingers 751 by beep pin.
• Beginning of the Wikinger - raids to west and south Europe; Assault on the monastery Lindisfarne in the summer 793
• beginning in 8. The Germanic farmers pay for centurygradually their liberty and the Lehen becomes generally accepted. The change is approximately final to the year 1000 of majority to.

events/developments

• the Frankish king Karl the large one becomes to 24. December 800 in Rome from the Pope to Emperor crowned.

personalities

• Beda Venerabilis (dt. Beda the venerable one) (* around 673 with Wearmouth in Northumbria; † 26. May 735 monastery Jarrow), English Benediktinermönch, theologian and historical writer
• Leo III. (* around 680; † 741) Byzantine emperor
• Karl Martell (Karl the hammer) (* around 689; † 22. October 741 in Quierzy) was a Frankish house Meier from the sex of the Karolinger Hischam designated after
• him (* 691; † 741) Kalifthe Umayyaden
• you Fu (* 712; † 770), one of the most important poets of the Chinese seaweed dynasty
• Alkuin of York (* 732; † around 804), bishop of route and advisors of Karl large
• Karl the large one (* over 748; † 814), king of Franconias, Roman emperor
• Hrabanus Maurus (* around 750; † 856), Mainzer scholar and archbishop
• Harun acre-Raschid (Harun the right-led) (* around 768; † 809), Kalif from the sexthe Abbasiden
• a hard (* 770; † around 840), Frankish historical writer and bio graph of Karl of the large one.
• Hadrian I. († 795) Pope of the Roman-catholic church
• guru Rinpoche (birth and dying data unknown), masters of the tantrischen Buddhismus, it led that Vajrayana - Buddhismus in 8. and 9. Century in Tibet
  • a king Trisong Detsen († 858), governing king of Tibet, on its desire the transmission of the Buddhismus from the Indian Sanskrit in Tibetan dept.
  • taken place the Santarakshita, abbott that, the translation of the buddhistischen Sutren implemented and weihte Indian monastery university of Nalanda first sieves buddhistischen monks in Tibet
  • Vairocana, most important translations of buddhistischer teachings at present the first translation phase of buddhistischer writings from the Indian Sanskrit in the Tibetan
• Vimalamitra, large buddhistischer scholar 7. /8. Century

inventions and discoveries

• in the Empire of China one invents by Bi Sheng the technology of setting books with mobile type characters. By wax thereby individually manufactured piston rams become out Ceramic(s) on an iron form arranged.
• In the battle at the Talas (lain east of Samarkand) 751 Chinese turn out into Persian war shank in the year, with whom the knowledge of the paper trade is to have arrived into the Arab area.
• Dschābir ibn Hayyān develops thoseBases of chemistry.
• The karolingische Minuskel becomes generally accepted in the handwriting nature as type face .