Affrikate

a Affrikate (also Affrikata; Pl.: Affrikaten) is the name for a close connection of a Plosivs (catch sound) with a homorganen Frikativ (fricative) in such a manner that the Plosion changes directly into the Frikativ.

phonetics vs. Phonology

in the phonetics can each Plosiv, which opens into a homorganen Frikativ, when Affrikate are designated. In the phonology however only those consequences from Plosiv and homorganem Frikativ apply as Affrikate, which behave like only one phoneme. Thus for example the sound [ts] applies as Affrikate in German, since it exhibits a similar distribution as the Obstruenten: It can occur both in the Silbenanlaut (Z eh), even before Sonorant (z wei), and in the Silbenreim (hectar time), likewise also after Sonorant (get z). In the English phonology however [ts] as Affrikate, there it does not apply nearly only over the morpheme - border away to arise can (RA ts “rats”, in an educated manner from the morphemes advice and - s). Sometimes disagreement prevails whether a certain Affrikate is to be considered as phoneme or not.

Affrikate vs. Sequence from Plosiv and homorganem Frikativ

in some languages differ Affrikaten from usual sequences from Plosiv and homorganem Frikativ, z. B. in the Polish one. The difference consists of it that in the sequence from Plosiv and Frikativ of first completely one expresses, thus with own Plosion (and/or. release or solution), before the Frikativ is formed. With a Affrikate however a Plosion is missing, since the solution of the plosivischen part changes directly into the frikativischen part.

Example: Polish cz ysta [ˈt͡ʃɨsta] “clean (f.)” vs. trz ysta [ˈtʃɨsta] “three hundred”.

notation

after the international phonetic alphabet Affrikaten with an elbow over Plosiv and Frikativ are represented, to z. B. /p͡f t͡s d͡ʒ/. Often this elbow is however simply omitted, z. B. /pf ts dʒ/.

For some Affrikaten special ligatures are to/at the disposal, i.e./ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ ʨ ʥ.

Sometimes also different conventions are used, so often in the Dialektologie, z. B. /č C ǰ/for/t͡ʃ t͡s d͡ʒ/.

emergence of the Affrikaten /ts/, /pf/ and /k χ/in German and its dialects

in the 2. or high-German sound shift are the Germanic Fortis - Plosive [p t k] under certain conditions become the Affrikaten /ts/, /pf/ and /k χ/. It seized and everywhere in the same measure was also not accomplished however only central and South German dialects (/kχ/in the high German could itself not intersperse).

• In the Anlaut, z. B. z wei, Pf ad, tirolerisch Kch ind (see. English t where, p ath, k ind).

• In the Gemination, z. B. SI time EN, Ku pf it, tirolerisch or alemannisch Sto kch (see. English SI t, CO pp it, sto CC).

• After Sonorant, z. B. Ago z, Sum pf, tirolerisch or alemannisch Dan kch (see. English hear t, swam p, than k).