American war of independence
| of these articles is concerned with the war actions during the American war of independence. For a larger overview you read please the article American movement of independence. With the term “American revolution” can be meant both the US-American movement of independence and the US-American war of independence. |
The American war of independence (American Revolutionary was or American was OF Independence) the English colonial power took place on the other hand from 1775 to 1783 between settlers 13 North American colonies on the one hand and.
it that ended with the victory of the North American side and led to the emergence United States of America. The war actions ended in the year 1781 after the battle of Yorktown, the war became with the signing of the peace of Paris at the 3. September 1783 officially terminates.
Table of contents |
prehistory
already at the beginning of the rule of George III.(1760 - 1820) the tensions between the English motherland and the colonies are large. Causes are the colonial action obstacles (and. A. Prohibition of industryto refer in the colonies, which selbige forced to it, final products from the motherland), English settlement prohibitions west the Appalachen as well as the substantial burdens of taxation. Substantially to this development it contributed also that the further use of its own currency “Colonial Scrip” had been forbidden to the colonies 1751and the sinking total circulating quantity of the article of exchange money and/or its interest load led to sinking prosperity and rising unemployment. After the end of the seven-year-old of war (1756 - 1763) in Europe England tried the high war costs among other things by increased taxes and deliveries of their overseas coloniesto adjust. The Kolonisten demanded free trade and more say and self-sufficiency, the Selbstständigkeit was not aimed at.
The British parliament rejected 1767 Kolonistenwün, instead free troops become were sent to America. The movement of independence is led first by Samuel Adam and Thomas Jefferson. It comes several timesto encroachments in bad clay/tone. To the first boycott 1770 it comes 1773 to bad clay/tone the Tea party. The English government imposes thereupon the state of emergency in the city. 1774 meet the first congress of continental . All 13 colonies (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, new jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia) refuse from now to the trade with England.
king George III. imposes 1775. a total commercial embargo against North America.
outbreak
to 19. April 1775 takes place the first skirmish of an American militia with British troops at Lexington . This is the beginning of the war of independence.
First the situation of the 3 million insurgent settler is offering no prospects: neither regular troops nor financial means or war material are in sufficient quantity available.George Washington, a landowner from Mount Vernon (Virginia), receives the supreme command over the continental army Miliztruppen specified. Beside the British troops, strengthened by mercenaries made of Braunschweig and Hessen, several England-faithful Indian trunks and the Loyalisten, stand England-faithful settlers, on thatopposing side. The attempt of troops under the command of Benedict Arnold, Canada the Britisher to entreissen, failed after initial successes with the defeat in the battle with Québec to 31. December 1775. The Americans vacated thereupon their conquests and did not undertake in the consequenceserious attempt more to attack Canada. To 4. The insurgent 13 States of their independence define July 1776.
further process of the war
in the August of the same yearly the British take New York . Washington succeeds it after this row of defeats, in December 1776to stabilize with its victory in the battle of Trenton the situation of the insurgent ones. The secret support of the insurgent ones with weapons by France starting from 1776 plays certainly a crucial role (as an agent Beaumarchais was active). In September the British troops Philadelphia occupy 1777. Withto the American army however the war turn succeeds to their victory in the battle with Saratoga. The British and their allied ones suffer themselves increasingly from splintering the forces and supply problems, with the war entrance of France 1778, Spain 1779 and the Netherlands the 1780 on sides of the Americanscontinue to intensify. The conflict is now increasingly to sea delivered also. In particular France shifts in larger measure troops into the new world.
collapse of the British armed forces and peace treaty
the crucial impact succeeds to the American troops and their French allied one in October 1781, as after the FE storage of Yorktown, Virginia a British army capitulates. In peacetime of Paris 1783 Great Britain recognizes the independence of the formerly British colonies on. England does without all areas up to the Mississippi. The United States stretch their north border to to those Large lakes out, Florida falls Spain.
gallery
 stamp act 1765. Original caption: „The Americaner again-sets itself de stamp Acte, and burns from England to America envoy stamp paper to bad clay/tone, in August 1764. “The pass shows citizens in bad clay/tone, thosethe proclamations from England of reference of the stamp act of 1765 burn.Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Bad clay/tone Tea party. Original caption: „The inhabitants of bad clay/tone throw the English-eastIndian Thee in the sea to 18. December 1773. “The pass showsCitizen of bad clay/tone, disguises as Indians, who entered ships in the bad toner port and crates with dte over board to throw.Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Battle of Lexington and Concord. Original caption: „First citizens the blood, too, Bey Lexington at the 19ten April 1775 poured establishment of the America niches Freyheit. “The pass shows British troops, which shoot in the battle of Lexington into the front of the American Milizionäre.Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
American declaration of independence. Original one Caption: „The Congress explains the 13 United States of north America for independent at the 4ten July 1776. “The pass shows a meeting of the congress of continental. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Battle of Trenton. Original caption: „The Hessen, ofGeneral Washington at the 25ten DEK. 1776, to Trenton attacked, are brought as Kriegsgefangne into Philadelphia. “The pass shows hessian soldiers, during the battle by Trenton was imprisoned taken on the way to Philadelphia. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Battle of Saratoga. Original caption: „The Americaner makes the Corps general of the Bourgoyne Gefangnen, bey Saratoga, at the 16th Octobr. 1777. “The pass shows British troops, which put their weapons after the surrender of Saratoga down. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after oneCollecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Original caption: „Dr. Franklin receives, as an envoy America niches of the Frey of State of, its first audience in France, to Versailles, at the 20ten Märtz 1778. “The pass shows Dr. Benjamin Franklin at the French yard in Versailles. Copper pass from Daniel Berger aftera collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Original caption: „Landing of a French Hülfs army in America, to Rhode Island, at the 11ten Julius 1780. “The pass shows retiring French troops under the command of Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau in new haven (Rhode Island). Copper passfrom Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Major John André. Original caption: „Major André, of drey Americanern continue to Tarrytown at the 23ten Septembr. 1780. “The pass shows major John André, that from three men, John Paulding, Isaac VanWait and to David Williams close Tarrytown (New York) in safekeeping one takes. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Battle of Yorktown. Original caption: „The Americaner makes the lord Cornwallis with its army Gefangnen, bey for Yorktown the 19tenOctobr. 1781. “The pass shows British troops, which hand their weapons over after the surrender after the battle of Yorktown.Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Original caption: „End of the enemy sea-lyingnesses, the Englishmen grant the Americanern new Yorck. 1783. “ThatPass shows soldiers, a man and a woman and a native family during the evacuation New York town centers to 25. December 1783 being located in the roads. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Original caption: „1 Americani Scharffschütz or hunter (Rifleman)2 regulaire infantry of Pensylvanien. “The pass shows up German versions American hunter (military) and a soldier of the Pennsylvania infantry as complete body picture, opposite standing, military uniforms carrying and rifles holding. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
Original caption:„1 general Washington's riding body guard 2. company, boss general Washington independent. “The pass shows German versions of a member of the body guard and company soldiers standing under George Washington command as complete body picture it opposite and military uniforms basic. Copper pass from Daniel Berger after a collecting main of Daniel Chodowiecki 1784. |
See also:
- Battle of Trois Rivières
- list of wars,
- list by battles,
- soldier trade under land count Friedrich II. of Hessen Kassel
- battle of Camden
