Job market
That Job market is in Market (economics) and designates meeting Offer and Demand after workers in one National economy. It distinctive according to one 1. Job market, that the economically justified need according to workers (job supply) of enterprises (Employer) with a demand of suitable free workers (Employee) unites and one 2. (nationally promoted) job market, to cause which creates additional incentives for employers over job market-political measures for offering jobs in order thereby a market reconciliation of supply and demand.
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Definition
On the job market becomes Worker in time units for market conditions inquired, offered and exchanged. Humans sell their worker against pay for performing concrete activities at employers, for which they manufacture determined products or services. The employers leave the necessary for it to them Raw materials and Medium.
Why is there an job market? Because everyone is not so good with the production of all products and with performing of all services (see Division of labor). Therefore humans specialize and create themselves further organization forms such as enterprise, families, exchange stock exchanges...
For the job market in developed industrialized countries it is characteristic that many humans can have their personal abilities to work without reservation, over their Qualification and their Authority. But they do not have - technical, financial, material, organizational - Means of production for the order, in order to produce even goods. Also all workers did not learn it to organize their work independently and to sell the produced products the final consumer. Therefore they must look for each other someone and come with him into the business, that has workers financial, technical, material, organizational means and also over customer orders and "only" still necessarily, in order to set its otherwise liveless and useless work such as funds into course.
One can structure the job market for purposes of analysis different:
- after the age of the involved ones
- after the products and services (industries)
- after work contents (occupations, activities)
- to the position in the work and utilization process (Eigentuemer=Unternehmer or only financial source, Manager=Entscheider, but not owner, Beschaeftigter=Ausfuehrender)
- after the mechanization level of the work
With respect to the economical statistics of the FRG one differentiates for the marking of the potential at workers between so mentioned
- Employees: Employed person persons, who exercise or look for a work. In addition also the independent ones count. (in Germany in the year 2001 nevertheless 3.632 millions. of altogether 36.816 millions. Employed person) and
- liable to social security persons employed: Persons with work contract and at least 401 euro monthly gross earned income.
At present that counts Federal Statistical Office in Germany scarcely 27 million persons.
Those generally consciousness most well-known characteristic number of the job market is those Unemployment ratio. That is not the portion of the persons a work has, measured with the total number of the employees. The unemployment ratio is differently measured in different countries.
An unemployment ratio of 0% cannot give it, since by the natural fluctuation on the job market always some persons look for a work. The definition of Full employment over the unemployment ratio became therefore since that 60's Years defines in such a way:
Unemployment ratio
As Unemployment ratio designates one the portion of the unemployed persons of the total number of the employees.
See in addition the major item: Unemployment ratio
Employee as Dienstleistungserbringer
It has itself in that determined, that, which gives the work (performed), that Employee to call, during that, which takes the work (work receives), Employer one calls. Around term confusion will avoid in the following spoken of the worker (Dienstleistungserbringer) and entrepreneur (service receiver).
The services, which are acted on the job market, differ from other services (z.B. a crop with the hairdresser) particularly in these points:
- The worker brings nearly no own special capital (Office, , Agenda 2010, Low wages, Hartz IV, Mini job,
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