Brick gothic

the brick gothic is one in Northern Germany, north poles and Northern Europe spread building method of the gothic, which is avowed as the world cultural heritage at many places of the Baltic Sea area. Key word-well-behaved it coversconceptually also you proceeding brick Romanesque and it following brick Renaissance into the baroque, there it generally for the historical, allegedly always medieval townscape stand.

Table of contents 1 the brick brick as raw material 2 the brick gothic in Northern Germany 2,1 Braunschweig 2,2 Bremen 2,3 Hamburg 2,4 Luebeck 3 brick gothic in the Baltic Sea area 3,1 Denmark 3,2 Estonia 3,3 Finland 3,4 Latvia 3.4.1 Riga 3,5 Lithuania 3.5.1 Wilna 3.5.2 Kaunas 3.5.3 Trakai 3,6 Poland 3.6.1 Chelmno 3.6.2 Chojna 3.6.3 Breslau 3.6.4 Danzig 3.6.5 Krakau 3.6.6 Marienburg 3.6.7 Stettin 3.6.8 Thorn 3,7 Russia 3,8 Sweden 3.8.1 Malmö 3.8.2 Helsingborg 3.8.3 Ystad 4 the neo-gothic style 19. Century 5 north Germans preservation of regional tradition architecture 6 literature 7 Web on the left of

the brick brick as raw material

characteristic of this reduction gothic is the building of representative buildings from bricks (bricks) in the so-called. Monastery format (for instance 28×15×9 cm to 30×14×10 cm with on the average 1.5 cm joint), there machinable materials (Haustein) like sandstone orsomething similar not and its transport from the quarries of the mountains was available would have been also too aufwändig. Thus are the first sandstone occurrences from view of the north Germans of cities in the Weser mountain country or over the Baltic Sea on the Swedish islands oil and and Gotland (in each case limestone). The transport of such a heavy material over country was at the time with difficulty, more favorable ship transport only along the rivers or over lake possible. Much natural stone of the sailing boats of the Hanse became actual as by Swedennecessary ballast brought into the north Germans of cities and there in churches (grave plates) and in 17. - 19. Century in the halls of the community centres as base plates (45×45 cm) shifts.

It is to be marked that the absence of Werkstein not always inevitably for training onetypical brick architectural style led. Thus it lacked z also in other areas. B. in Upper Bavaria and upper swabia often at building materials. There however no characteristic brick style developed. Differentiated building plastics was usually implemented in Werkstein, frequently also the brick core with Werkstein dazzled. (Example: Land hat, pc. Martin and Munich, woman church).

the brick gothic in Northern Germany

in Northern Germany against it spread following the Romanesque starting from 1200 the typical architectural style, which we call brick gothic. Is characteristichere the material reduction: the buildings are often very wuchtig, from monumental size, but outwardly rather simple and by far not so grazil as in southern areas. This likes planerischen reasons with the west works of the churches in the rough climate of Northern Germany itshad, are nevertheless the reduced, smooth front to meeting the weather fronts with hostility mostly coming from the west more insensitively and less susceptible to damage under wind and weather. In later time in addition, techniques became generally accepted, those here thoseChurches to become outwardly more responding left: thus one limewashed standing back wall surfaces frequently white, so that a color contrast developed to the dark brick material. In addition one made special shaped bricks , which made a better imitation for building plastics possible.

Except at buildings of churches and monasteries those becameForms of the brick gothic also to the straight in north German area spread looking sides applied from city halls, at town-gates and at community centres.

The style of the brick gothic connected itself fast with the economic ascent of the Hanse, so that this architecture toSymbol of this powerful standard ware became. The brick gothic the brick Renaissance followed in a sliding transition of the designs.

Thus one finds today brick gothic in Germany mainly in the Hanseatic cities of Northern Germany, in particular in Luebeck and Stralsund, their old parts of town bothwhen surface monument as the world cultural heritage were explained, in addition, Wismar, Rostock and grab forest as well as Lueneburg in the northern Lower Saxony are rich at treasures of this medieval built volumes. Outstanding examples are in:

Braunschweig

• Liberei

Bremen

• Of Bremen cathedral

Hamburg

• pc. Petri
• pc. Katharinen
• pc. Jakobi

Luebeck

• getting gate
• Lübecker city hall
• Marienkirche

of Bremen pc. Petri cathedral	Katharinenkirche in Hamburg	Marienkirche (Luebeck)	getting gate
holy spirit hospital in Luebeck	Lübecker city hall	city hall Stralsund right in front	east frontof pc. Marien in grab forest

brick gothic in the Baltic Sea area

is accordingly to brick gothic not only in Northern Germany but approximately around the Baltic Sea.

Denmark

examples in Denmark are the cathedral to Århus, pc. Knudin Odense and the cathedral to Roskilde, the grave church of the Danish kings.

Cathedral to Århus

pc. Knud kirke in Odense

cathedral to Roskilde

Estonia

the cathedral of Tartu and the pc. Johanniskirche

Finland

• Cathedral to Turku

cathedral to Turku

Latvia

Riga

• cathedral to Riga
• pc. Petri
• and the churches pc. Jakobi, pc. Johannes
• as well as the black main house

Petrikirche Riga

black main house in Riga

cathedral to Riga

Lithuania

Wilna

• the churches and the lock

Kaunas

• the cathedral, the Gertrudenkirche

Trakai

• water castle Trakai

pc. Annen in Wilna

water castle Trakai

Poland

Chelmno

the main churchesand the Stadtmauer

Chojna

• city hall
• Marienkirche

Breslau

• city hall
• Marienkirche

Danzig

• Danziger Marienkirche
• crane gate

Krakau

• Marienkirche

Marienburg

The medal castle Marienburg is the largest building of everyday thatBrick gothic.

Stettin

• Jakob cathedral of Stettin

Thorn

• Thorner Marienkirche
• the city hall and the Stadtmauern

Danziger Marienkirche

Jakob cathedral Stettin

city hall in Tourun

city hall in Breslau

Russia

• Königsberger cathedral in Kaliningrad
• medal castle ruin Balga

Königsberger cathedral

Sweden

• the southern part of Sweden, care, belonged until 1658 to Denmark. Examples of the brick gothic are here in

Malmö

• the Petrikirche

Helsingborg

• the Marienkirche

Ystad

• the Marienkirche

Petrikirche in Malmö

Marienkirche in Helsingborg

Marienkirche in Ystad

the neo-gothic style 19. Century

in 19. Century experienced itself the brick gothic by the neo-gothic style after the 60ger years one Renaissance, then in numerous buildingsthe wilhelminischen time reflects. An important of Bremen architect of this style was Simon deletion.

Newgothical large lighthouse of 1854 in Bremerhaven von Simon deletion

north German preservation of regional tradition architecture

at the beginning 20. Century takes the north Germans preservation of regional tradition as style direction to thatArchitecture in Schleswig-Holstein building in brick freely of again-gothical ornament, but at traditional models orients in particular, again up. Mansions in this style coin/shape the building of single family houses until today.

literature

• Gottfried Kiesow: Ways to the brick gothic. An introduction. Monumente publications of the German donation monument protection, Bonn 2003, ISBN 3-936942-34-X
• Angela Pfotenhauer, Florian Monheim, Carola Nathan: Brick gothic. Monumente edition. Monumente publication of the German donation monument protection, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-935208-00-6
• God praise, Fritz (1907), form teachings of the north German brick gothic: A contribution to the Neogotik over1900. Reproduction of the 2. Edition (1999), publishing house Ludwig. ISBN 3-9805480-8-2
• Gerlinde Thalheim (editorship) et al.: Burned size - ways to the brick gothic. 5 volumes. Monumente publication of the German donation monument protection, Bonn, total expenditure of all 5 volumes under ISBN 3-936942-22-6
• bus January, B.;Kiesow, G. (2002), Wismar: Buildings of power - a church building site in the Middle Ages. Monumente publications of the German donation monument protection. ISBN 3-935208-14-6 (Bd. 2 of the total expenditure of the exhibition catalogs of ways to the brick gothic, ISBN 3-935208-12-X)

Web on the left of

• exhibition of ways to the brick gothic