Bodensee

Map
data
situation:	East Switzerland South Germany Vorarlberg
geographical situation:	Coordinates: 47° 36' 25 " N, 9° 24 11 ' O 47° 36' 25 " N, 9° 24 11 ' O
of supplies:	Rhine besides: Bregenzer oh, bad one, Radolfzeller Aach, stone oh, shots, gold oh, Dornbirner oh
discharge:	Rhine
cities on the bank:	D: Radolfzell, Konstanz, Überlingen, Meersburg, Friedrichshafen, Lindau A: Bregenz CH: Rorschach, Arbon, Novel horn, Kreuzlingen
characteristics:	Largest lake in the German-speaking countries, Kondominium
numbers
of BFS NR.:	9326
surface:	536 km ²
maximum depth:	254 m
middle one depth:	90 m
volume:	48.5 km ³
height over NN:	395.23 m
surface:	Totally: 536 km ² upper lake:473 km ² Untersee 63 km ²
longest place:	63 km
broad one place:	14 km
catchment area:	11,500 km ²
middle one annual discharge:	approx. 370 m ³ /s
bank lengths:	Totally: 273 km D: 173 km Baden-Wuerttemberg: 155 km Bavaria: 18 km CH:72km (TG/SG) A: 28 km (Vorarlberg)
pictures

the Bodensee is a lake in Europe. Adjacent states are Switzerland (cantons Thurgau, pc. Gallen), Austria (Land of the Federal Republic Vorarlberg) as well as Germany (Lands of the Federal Republic Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria).

Table of contents 1 the name 2 territorial affiliation 3 history 4 geography of 4,1 supplies 4,2 arrangement 4,3 islands 4,4 dimensions of 4,5 depth ranges of 4,6 level conditions 4,7 drinking water treatment 4,8 weather 5 spare time and tourism 5,1 dipping in the Bodensee 6 traffic Bodman at the western end of the Überlinger of lake

7,1 viticulture

8 literature 9 Web on the left of [work on] the name its name off from one of the oldest places at the lake, the village. In former times the lake was called alsoBodman and Bodansee; the name emerges for the first time around 830. The Höhenzug, which separates the Überlinger lake from the Untersee, is called also today still Bodanrück. In the Roman time he was called after the place Bregenz Lacus Brigantia or Lacus Brigantinus.In other European languages the lake is designated after Konstanz, the largest city on its bank: franz. Lac de Constance, English. Lake Constance, ital. Lago di Costanza, haven. Lago de Constança. In the Swabian one it becomestoday also with the surname Swabian sea mentioned. The name is however with the other neighbors (Switzerland, Vorarlberg, Bayern and Baden) does not like.

territorial affiliation

the sea-Rhine between Konstanz and Kreuzlingen as well as the Untersee are by oneclearly regulated border between Germany and Switzerland divided. The Überlinger lake ranks completely among the German territory. The water surface of the remaining sea-area within the range of more than 25 m depth becomes than Kondominium so mentioned of the neighboring states (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) administers, so that all three states exercise sovereignty right at the same time there. When the Swiss Confederation separated 1648 by the Westfäli peace from the realm federation of the holy Roman realm, one had missed it, the border by the laketo specify contractually; thus it gives to today no official, according to international law recognized border by the lake. Both on maps often which can be seen the fixing of the boundaries, according to the material division with boundary lines in sea-center, favored by Switzerland, (after the 32 per cent the sea-surfaceto Switzerland been allotted), like also the Kondominiumstatus (represented by Austria) are only based on customary law. Germany again does not have an own position.

The Bodensee is the largest lake in the German-speaking countries. About 62% of its bank are German territory,approximately 27% of the bank are Swiss and about 11% are Austrian territory. Because of the missing fixing of the boundaries on the lake cannot be said, how much square kilometers water surface belong in each case to the neighboring states, yet is he also the largest tooGermany belonging sea. (For further to territorial conditions see count Schelling 1978.)

history

the first settlements date from the Jungsteinzeit, starting from approximately 3000 v. Chr.From the Jungsteinzeit are there severalRemnants of buildings of stakes at Swiss and on the German bank. With Unteruhldingen a village of building of stakes was reconstructed.

Approximately around 400 v. Chr. Celts on the banks of the Bodensee settled. From this time still some escape castles are received. Most important one more celticPlace was Brigantion (Rome. Brigantium), the today's Bregenz.

In the year 15 v. Chr. conquered the Romans the Bodensee area. At that time also the largest sea-battle on the Bodensee occurred - Celts from Bregenz against Romans. On the island Mainau becamealleged remainders of a Roman naval base found.

The Spanish geographer Pomponius Mela mentions as first around the year 43 v. Chr. the Bodensee as Lacus Venetus (upper lake) and Lacus Acronius (Untersee), which was flowed through both by the Rhine. Plinius the older one designatesthe Bodensee for the first time as Lacus Brigantinus. Most important Roman place became Bregenz, which got soon Roman municipal law and the seat of the Präfekten of the Bodensee fleet became later. The Romans were also in Lindau, settled there however only the hills approximatelyaround Lindau, since on the bank much Sumpfgebiet was. Further Roman cities were Constantia (Konstanz) and Arbor felix (Arbon).

Further sea-battles on the Bodensee occurred during the dreissigjährigen war (1634 Sweden against Austrians) and that Coalition wars (1799 Frenchmen against Austrians).

Since the year 875 the Bodensee froze over altogether 32-mal completely, so that one could cross the lake surely everywhere to foot. The last Seegfrörne so mentioned was in the year 1963.

There thatAlpine Rhine material from the mountains with itself washes, is prophesied that the Bregenzer bay will land in some centuries. For the silting-up entire Bodensee become estimated ten until twenty thousand years, provided that the material in the Mündungsgebiet is not ausgebaggert,as that happens at present however.

geography

the area was formed substantially during the worm ice age by the Rhine glacier outstanding from the alpine Rhine Valley, in whose fluvioglazial eroded tongue basin the today's Bodensee lies. It can to that extent as würmglazial designationbecome.

The Bodensee is the third biggest lake in Central Europe. Only the disk lake (Balaton) in Hungary and the Geneva lake on the Swiss-French border are larger.

supplies

by the Bodenseethe Rhine flows. Besides there are numerous, smaller supplies (236) like the Bregenzer oh, the bad ones, the Radolfzeller Aach, the Linzer Aach, stone oh and shots.

arrangement

in the actual senseit concerns with the Bodensee two lakes (quiet waters), which are separated with Konstanz by the so-called sea-Rhine ( a running waters).

The Bodensee consists of:

• the top of the lake, consisting of:
  • forms for the upper lake, itthe largest water surface,
  • the Überlinger lake.
• the sea-Rhine.
• the Untersee, consisting of:
  • the Rhine lake,
  • the Zeller lake,
  • and the grace lake.

there

are islands in the Bodensee three larger islands:

• Island Mainau, a much-visited flower island
• island Reichenau, with that former monastery (world inheritance of the UNESCO). Today the main sources of income the vegetable growing and the tourism old part of town island
• are cultivated by Lindau, to approximately 75% in the medieval style

in addition give it the followingsmall islands:

• Dominikaner island before the old part of town of Konstanz
• two small islands before the Wollmatinger Ried (Triboldingerbohl and middle Langbohl)
• an island before the peninsula Mettnau with Radolfzell , the so-called “dear island” becomes
• western in the discharge with stone on the Rhine,with the monastery of the same name
• Hoy with Lindau at the delta of the oh

dimensions

in its deepest place (between Friedrichshafen - fish brook and Uttwil) is deep the Bodensee 254 m. Its surface amounts to 536 km ² and its entireBank length 273 km. It is 63.3 km long and 14 km broad with an upbulging of approximately 80 m due to Earth's curvature. The average Wasserinhalt of the lake amounts to 50 billion cubic meter. The reference levels becomes in Konstanz, in Novel horn as well as in Bregenz determines.

depth ranges

the depth ranges of the Bodensee are divided from the water surface to the sea-reason into different sections.

From the bank this is the slope to approx. 5 meters, follows this the Wysse toapprox. 10 meters. The Wysse follows the waste dump up to 100 meters depth of water. Off approx. 150 meters the sea-reason float called, the sloping basic sections around 200 meters calls one low waste dump and finally is called the lowest sea-reasonapproximately 250 meters of deep float.

level conditions

the level of the Bodensee is suspended strong seasonal fluctuations.

Based on the level Konstanz (391.89 m and. NN) were reached the following record values:

• Highest water levels:
  • 5.65 m to 24. May 1999
  • 5,91m to 18. August 1821
  • 6.36 m to 7. July 1817
• Lowest water levels:
  • to 2.31 m in January 2006
  • 2.26 m in the February and March of 1858

current level conditions see external Web on the left of.

drinking water treatment

annual the Bodensee approximately 180 becomesMillions cubic meters by 17 water companies for the potable water supply of altogether approx. 4,5 million humans in the neighboring states Germany, Austria and Switzerland taken. Größter Wasserversorger ist der Zweckverband Bodensee-Wasserversorgung (BWV) mit Sitz in Stuttgart. The taking out water is in Sipplingen.By it alone about 4 million citizen in large parts of Baden-Wuerttemberg (until bath Mergentheim completely in the northeast of the Land of the Federal Republic) are supplied. The portion of the BWV with a withdrawal of approximately 135 million cubic meter per year amounts to approximately 75 per centthe total drinking water withdrawal. Other water companies supply z. B. the inhabitants of Friedrichshafen (D), Konstanz (D) and pc. Gallen (CH/seit 1895 and thus oldest water company at the Bodensee).

weather

the bank ranges are all around marked with posts to the 2-m-Tiefenlinie. The Bodensee is divided for Sturmwarnungen in three warning regions (west, center, east). On each region a strong wind or a Sturmwarnung can be spent.A strong wind warning effected with expected gusts of wind between 25 and 33 knots and/or 6 to 8 wind forces after the Beaufort's scale. A Sturmwarnung announces the danger of storm hoists with speeds starting from 34 knots and/or 8 wind forces after the Beaufort's scale. Overthese warnings admits to make, are approximately around the lake orange colored flashing headlights installed, which flash in the case of strong wind warning 40 times per minute and in the case of Sturmwarnung 90 times per minute.

Most dangerous wind is the foehn in such a way specified, a warm drop wind from the alps, which spreads in particular by the Rhine Valley on the water and ago drives with partly gale-like wind forces typical wave mountains with several meters height before itself. The Sturmböen completely surprisingly arising for unaquainted ones is similarly dangerousSummer thunderstorms, which again and again victims under water-haven-learn to demand.

Along the Bodensee bank between the delta of the old Rhine run up to the Dornbirner oh with hard the protected area Rhine delta , the largest humid area is because of the Bodensee.

spare time and tourism

Within the leisure range the Bodensee offers an abundance of possibilities within the range water haven. Over 100 associations are connected for the Segelsport and organize rain corroding, with which the sporty match on the water one gefrönt. The enterprise from water motorcycles became, with thatforbade valid, revised Bodensee ship travel order, to the protection of Flora, since January 2006 fauna and bathers.

The Bodensee cycle track is one of the most popular and usually traveled cycle paths of Europe. The well removed cycle tracks can be combined to many beautiful routes. The classical author among them268 km are surely long round around the entire lake, in addition, smaller routes such as z. B. the round around the Untersee are much likes. Most Radler by the way drives at the Bodensee “on the right of around”, because then the cycle track alwayson the sea-side of the roads runs.

dipping in the Bodensee

dipping in the Bodensee is considered at the same time as attractive and fastidious. Most dipping areas are in the northern part of the lake (Überlingen, Ludwigshafen, Katharinenschlucht and other one), some few alsoin the south. The areas should be betaucht exclusively by experienced divers under guidance of one of the local dipping schools or an area-experienced diver. Interesting wrecks and larger fish are mostly in depths, which should not be achieved by skin divers usually (45Meter and more). Such dipping courses rank among the Tec Diving and are only with special training and - equipment to accomplish. But also with less large depths it is to be noted that the water in the Bodensee - also in the summer - already starting from 10 meters of depthonly few degrees Celsius over zero is cold, according to which professional oxygen mask requires, which does not freeze with such temp era doors. In order to increase and place the security of dipping in the Bodensee surely that the Bodensee remains as dipping waters, it hasitself a group of divers of different organizations to [working group safe dipping in the Bodensee] together-found.

the among other things following exists to traffic the Bodensee passenger ship count Zeppelin car ferry Konstanz Meersburg

the navigation treated detailed Driving connections:

• Friedrichshafen - novel horn, length 13 km.
• Meersburg - Konstanz, length 4 km.
• Konstanz - Friedrichshafen, Personenfähre (Katamaran), length 24 km.

Forerunners of the today's car ferries were train ferries (train ferries), the 1869 between novel horn and Friedrichshafen -later also Lindau, as well as Bregenz were furnished -. Train ferry traffic - apart from war-conditioned interruptions - until 1976 between novel horn and Friedrichshafen keep upright, until it was finally adjusted from cost reasons. For this reason the Bodensee fleets of the neighboring states belongeduntil recently the respective state railways, whatever together operate the innumerable course ships, which form a good and functioning net.

For Germany the Bodensee ship enterprises ( formerly German course, today public utilities Konstanz) operate, for Switzerland the Swiss Bodensee shipping company (SBS)and for Austria the Austrian federal courses (ÖBB). To the will of the Swiss federal courses (SBB), which the SBS belongs, is this to public utilities Konstanz to likewise go, similar efforts of a privatisation of the Austrian Bodensee fleet gives it also with thatÖBB.

Additional 2005 two Katamarane between Konstanz and Friedrichshafen are all year round on the way since July. The Katamaran shipping company Bodensee belongs in equal parts to the technical works Friedrichshafen (TWF) and public utilities Konstanz.

economics

the Bodensee is economically used. AsTraffic route by means of ferries, to the course navigation, for trip travels, as gravel promotion place, to the fishery and to the sport navigation with sail and motorboats. Legal basis for entire shipping on the lake is the “regulation over the navigation on the Bodensee” (briefly: Bodensee navigation order).For the Bodensee there is its own sail light, the Bodensee master's certificate, which is out administered and assigned for Germany von Konstanz. In Switzerland the ship leader document of identification of the kantonalen authorities will assign. For sport boat operators the classes are A andD as well as brief guest Lizenzierungen of interest.

viticulture

round around the Bodensee is cultivated to wine, mostly the Rebsorten Spätburgunder, Mueller Thurgau or Weissburgunder. By the political borders within the region becomethe wines in different areas of cultivation of wine cultivated, the similarities within the region are however larger than with the “nut/mother” removed partly far - cultivation areas. The region is the high-altitude German area of cultivation of wine with situations between 400 and 560 meters and. NN.

Areas of cultivation of wine overthe Bodensee are:

• Region Bodensee of the area of cultivation of wine bathing
• ranges Württembergi Bodensee and Bavarian Bodensee of the area of cultivation of wine Württemberg
• regions Rhine Valley (in the canton pc. Gallen) and Untersee (in the Thurgau) in the Weinbaugebiet east Switzerland
• individual enterprises in Vorarlberg in the smallest Austrian Viticulture region mountain country Austria

literature

count Schelling Claudius, sovereignty conditions at the Bodensee with special consideration of shipping, Schulthess Polygraphi publishing house, Zurich 1978 ISBN 3-7255-1914-5

Web on the left of

• Bodensee Web of the Ministry for environment Baden-Wuerttemberg
• information about the Bodensee navigation
• international Bodensee tourism GmbH
• Bodensee cycle track service GmbH
• article Bodensee in the historical encyclopedia of Switzerland
• article about the intergovernmental allocation
• of inventors, Ketzern and Gothamites - citiesbetween Bodensee and upper swabia
• pictures and information from the Bodensee
• photo of the Bodensee
• Webcams approximately around the Bodensee
• trip goals Bodensee
• Seepeople (academic Internet portal for the Bodensee universities with Wiki, Wiki calendars and Blogs)
• current one and historical level conditions of all important level act ions of the Bodensee