CB-radio
the CB-radio is a public, free of charge usable speech and radio data transmission, a frequency band is assigned to which around 27 MHz (11-meter-bound). In Germany 80 channels with frequencies from 26.565 MHz to 27.405 MHz are located for speaking and 10 channels toData communication for the order.
The abbreviation CB stands for „Citizens' volume “and means as much as „citizen frequency range “.
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characteristics
CB-radio becomes more private for all kinds,not-commercial radio communication uses. It is meant more than all other kinds of play of the everyone radio to the personal information and exchange of views. The chances to be able to hold a conversation with unknown quantities are here largest. Due to the valid technical regulations a self's building of radios hardly is by private peoplepossible, since extensive technical regulations and testing methods are to be kept. For the CB-radio in the relevant specialized trade certified and examined standard sets are offered.
With adequate station antennas (their mechanical length mostly between 2,65 m and 6.50 m, according to 1/4< math> \ lambda< /math> to 5/8< math> \ lambda< /math> Wavelength <math> \ lambda< /math> (Lambda),) are variedDiscussions in the periphery from approximately 20 km to 80 km around the own location possible. The range depends on different conditions, like z. B. the surrounding land development, vegetation and antenna height. The weather possesses generally only a small influence on the range, at the most reducedit by in in it genes humidity the efficiency of the antenna or provides for additional losses in badly manufactured plugs.
In addition the range depends, because of the different kinds of antenna normally used thereby, also on the used kind of radio. Best for as large a range as possible is it, at leastto be able to use an adequate station antenna. With their length between approximately 5 to 7 meters these can be used however neither portably nor mobilely.
Hand radios order usually over strongly shortened antennas. Because of the very bad efficiency of these antennas are the ranges of 0,5, attainable therebyto 5 km clearly smaller.
Station devices are technically, with the exception of the inserted power supply unit, identical to the offered mobile devices. A difference of the range results therefore by the use of different antennas and to conditions of the environment at the respective location. With long car antennas (of approx. 1.50 m to2.65 m) can - dependent on the location, more exactly: its height and environment - sometimes nearly as high ranges as with station antennas to be reached. The location possesses thus as with each other radio communication a very large influence on the attainable range. Hereunder applies: The more highly thatLocation, the more highly also the possible range. The range normally is when using mobile antennas with approximately 10-30 km.
In detail attainable range sits down however in each case from the equipment and the conditions of all at a radio link took part together.
Ionospheric phenomena (z.B.Sporadic e) affect the propagation of the radio waves, so that to times of the sunspot maximum the character of a pure close range radio is particularly lost: Transmissions from all European countries and partly even from overseas are to be heard and made local communication difficult. Some CB-radio operators lead insuch times international radio traffic through.
The CB-radio enjoys federal net agency (BNetzA, new designation since 13 according to frequency dispatching of the supervisory authority. July 2005, before it: RegTP) no protection from disturbances by other frequency users (z. B. Baby hair dryers, remote controls for models). Not CB-funktypischen applications callsone ISM services and is often to be found on the intermediate channels in such a way specified (alpha channels). Thus the CB-radio is not a reliable communication medium.
By arising mobile telephones and Internet the CB-radio lost for the 80's at popularity. Until today it becomes regularly still from truck driversbenutzt, z. B.To set off traffic jam informations. During the security of meetings, z. B. Engine - or cycle racing meetings, he plays still an important role.
technical
the CB-radio is an application of radio in the mobile rural broadcasting service. May do only particularly certified and forthe CB-radio certified devices to be used, to which the manufacturer must attach a conformity explanation, in which the equipment one describes exactly. Furthermore the operating instructions must contain clear instruction for the equipment enterprise. All devices must besides by the CE - indication be marked. The devices may of the user neitherwaited to be still changed. The federal net agency assumes today by measurements the devices keep certain technical limit values. In it the achievement of the devices as well as the kind of the sending (type of modulation, range , channel spacing) are strictly limited.
That the CB-radio assigned frequency range lies toupper end of the short wave and hands in Germany from 26.560 MHz to 27.410 MHz (80 channels), European-wide from 26.960 MHz to 27.410 MHz (40 channels).
On all 80 channels released in Germany speech transmission is in the type of modulation FM (F3E) / PM (G3E) with an effective Radiating power of 4 W (ERP) permits. On the channels 1 to 40 are since 18. 05. 2005 also the types of modulation TO (A3E) with 1 W (unmodulierter Trägerleistung) and SSB (J3E) with 4 W PEP certified. Results in the case of the use of directional antennas radiating power of morewhen, then the CB-Funkstation may do 10 W EIRP in enterprise is only taken if the BNetzA assigned a liable to pay the costs certificate of location after the regulation over the proof procedure for the delimitation of electromagnetic fields.
For the speech transmission in Germany frequency modulation is used predominantly. Amplitude modulation predominantly becomes of Truck - Drivers uses, who often use the channel 9 for historical reasons. However the channel 9 is also an emergency call channel. The employment of single-sideband modulation (SSB) on the channels 1 to 40 is to be found the sphere of interest of technically interested radio friends and in practice still rather rarely,experienced however for some time an upswing.
Beyond that ten channels are approved to the data communication. The first five data channels (6, 7, 24, 25 and 40) may be used for all usual modes of operation for the data communication, on the remaining five (41, 52, 53, 76 and 77) onlysuch, on frequency and/or. Phase modulation are based. In practice predominantly those the amateur radio taken mode of operation pack radio used. In addition, in some other, and likewise from the amateur radio range coming modes of operation admitted such as z. B. RTTY, PSK31, MT63, MFSK 16, SSTV and FAX are manufactured radio communications.
CB-radio is European as also world-wide not uniformly regulated. In the USA and Canada 40 channels are available for the CB-radio, whose frequencies also with those the CEPT - channels agree. As types of modulation is there however only amplitude modulation also, However no frequency modulation permits 4 W and SSB with 12 W (PEP). In certain states only frequency modulation is certified (z. B. Austria), in other one only amplitude modulation (z. B. Turkey). In Great Britain still (running out) special frequencies (27.601 - 27.991 MHz) are certified.There are deviating regulations in South Africa and New Zealand and other countries.
For years world-wide „more amateur radio-similarly a “radio traffic on the CB-radio certified frequencies between 26 and 28 MHz, not for, is to be observed. An active use of these frequencies places an irregularity in Germany, alsosensitive fines to be punished knows. Same applies to the use of transmitting power amplifiers, in order to adjust as too small felt range, which often results from disturbances from the close and Fernbereich or because of radio discipline lacking. For determinations and the punishment of offences that is responsibleTest and measuring service of the federal net agency (BNetzA). To win will felt the legal situation of specialists as complex, procedures because of offences against the relevant radio regulations can aufwändig and time-consuming become and are difficult without expert legal assistance.
CEPT conformal channels
on the CEPT conformalThe types of modulation of FM are permitted to channels 1 to 40, TO and SSB.
In the following the frequencies of the CEPT are listed - conformal channels, which may be used in the CB-radio:
| Channel | frequency | characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | 26.965 MHz | recommended call channel (FM) |
| 02 | 26.975 MHz | |
| 03 | 26.985 MHz | |
| 04 | 27.005 MHz | empfohlener Anrufkanal (AM) |
| 05 | 27,015 MHz | |
| 06 | 27,025 MHz | Datenkanal |
| 07 | 27,035 MHz | Datenkanal |
| 08 | 27,055 MHz | |
| 09 | 27,065 MHz | Fernfahrerkanal (AM) / Notrufkanal |
| 10 | 27,075 MHz | |
| 11 | 27,085 MHz | |
| 12 | 27,105 MHz | |
| 13 | 27,115 MHz | |
| 14 | 27,125 MHz | |
| 15 | 27,135 MHz | inoffizieller Anrufkanal SSB(USB) |
| 16 | 27.155 MHz | radio traffic as and indicated between |
| vessels | 17 27.165 | |
| MHz | 18 27.175 | |
| MHz | 19 27.185 | MHz recommended remote driver channel (FM)/often used by milling IE valley gravel/partly also than emergency call channel/also used by Babyphonen |
| 20 | 27.205 MHz | |
| 21 | 27.215 MHz | |
| 22 | 27.225 MHz | often by milling IE valley gravel used/also by Babyphonen used |
| 23 | 27.255 MHz | |
| 24 | 27.235 MHz | data channel |
| 25 | 27.245 MHz | data channel |
| 26 | 27.265 MHz | |
| 27 | 27.275 MHz | |
| 28 | 27.285 MHz | |
| 29 | 27.295 MHz | |
| 30 | 27.305 MHz | |
| of 31 | 27.315 MHz | unofficial DX - channel (FM) |
| 32 | 27.325 MHz | |
| 33 | 27.335 MHz | |
| 34 | 27.345 MHz | |
| 35 | 27.355 MHz | |
| 36 | 27.365 MHz | |
| 37 | 27.375 MHz | |
| 38 | 27.385 MHz | |
| 39 | 27.395 MHz | |
| 40 | 27.405 MHz | data channel (in addition, FM call channel in Switzerland!) |
national auxiliary channels
on the national auxiliary channels 41 toonly the type of modulation of FM is permitted to 80.
Because the frequencies of the channels 41 to 80 are not European harmonized, exist along the borders to the foreign country (exception: Border to the Czech Republic of) protected zones so mentioned. Within the protected zones the national auxiliary channels with stationary CB-radio stations may not and/or. only with a single frequency dispatching of the BNetzA (before times: RegTP) to be used. Portable and mobile stations may use the national auxiliary channels also in the protected zones, as long as no disturbances arise. A list of the districts, cities and regions, which are within the protected zones, is with the BNetzA as Pdf - File observably.
In the following the frequencies of the national auxiliary channels, which may be used in the CB-radio, are listed:
| Channel | frequency | characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| 41 | 26.565 MHz | data channel |
| 42 | 26.575 MHz | |
| 43 | 26.585 MHz | |
| 44 | 26.595 MHz | |
| 45 | 26.605 MHz | |
| 46 | 26.615 MHz | |
| 47 | 26.625 MHz | |
| 48 | 26.635 MHz | |
| 49 | 26.645 MHz | |
| 50 | 26.655 MHz | |
| 51 | 26.665 MHz | |
| 52 | 26.675 MHz | data channel |
| 53 | 26.685 MHz | data channel |
| 54 | 26.695 MHz | |
| 55 | 26.705 MHz | |
| 56 | 26.715 MHz | |
| 57 | 26.725 MHz | |
| 58 | 26.735 MHz | |
| 59 | 26.745 MHz | |
| 60 | 26.755 MHz | |
| 61 | 26.765 MHz | |
| 62 | 26.775 MHz | |
| 63 | 26.785 MHz | |
| 64 | 26.795 MHz | |
| 65 | 26.805 MHz | |
| 66 | 26.815 MHz | |
| 67 | 26.825 MHz | |
| 68 | 26.835 MHz | |
| 69 | 26.845 MHz | |
| 70 | 26.855 MHz | |
| 71 | 26.865 MHz | |
| 72 | 26.875 MHz | |
| 73 | 26.885 MHz | |
| 74 | 26.895 MHz | |
| 75 | 26.905 MHz | |
| 76 | 26.915 MHz | data channel |
| 77 | 26.925 MHz | Data channel |
| 78 | 26.935 MHz | |
| 79 | 26.945 MHz | |
| 80 | 26.955 MHz |
gateways
since newest is possible it to bridge over HF-gateways so mentioned (automatically operated stations, are coupled with the Internet) far distances. Here a program (z becomes. B. Team peak or eQSO) assigned, that the received audio signals of CB, PMR446, freenet or LPD/SRD radios in Internet transfers and at another place over a CB, a PMR446, a freenet or a LPD/SRD radio again sends. (see also: To VoIP)
newsgroup
see also
Web on the left of
- http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/media/archive/1533.pdf - to the legal bases of the CB-radio
- http://www.hobbyfunk.de - the last remaining magazine,
- http://www.funkmagazin.de dedicates itself interesting basis information to the hobby
- radio http://www.funkbasis.de - German forum for amateur and hobby radio http://www.cb-kurier.de - to the topic
- CB-radio - interesting ones current independent source of informationapproximately around the CB-radio with current messages
- http://www.dakfcbnf.org - German working group for CB and emergency radio registered association. Partner of the federal net agency (BNetzA) in things everyone-radio-based 1982, fulfills the defaults of the Bundestag print to 9/2274 point 7 (the CB-radio operators may unite in a working group….) of the 15.Dezember 1982, infull extent
- http://www.akcb-hessen.org - working group CB-radio Hessen, based 1986, member in the German working group for CB and emergency radio registered association. represent the interests of the CB-radio in the governmental districts Kassel, Darmstadt, pouring and Lower Franconia. On these sides they experience more over the work, structure and the goals thisFederation, as well as information approximately around the radio hobby
- http://www.deutsche-funk-allianz.de - on the basis of the Bundestag print 9/2274 v. 15. December 1982 existing combination, which calls itself as “CB-radio operator-parliament of Germany”. In the lobby list of the President of the Bundestag registers. Based 1995
- http://www.dcbo.net - the German CB-radio organization. Informs its members free of chargeand up-to-date.
- http://www.pmr446-info.de - international eQSO HF-gateway project via VoIP (CB, LPD, PMR446 and freenet)
- http://www.funkzone.tk - information to the CB-radio, AFU radio and bad radio
- http://www.ts-funk.de - first international HF-gateway the project via a language radio net work (CB, LPD, PMR446 and freenet)
- http://www.pmr446-cbfunk.de/ - fast growing eQSO HF-project. Usesthe VoIP technology of the Internets, in order to connect CB-radio, PMR446, LPD and freenet among themselves and with one another.
- http://www.runde56.de - information, Tipps and technology for the CB-radio
- http://www.hobby-funk.net - frequencies, voice transmission, radio data transmission, technology
- http://www.funkstudio-coschuetz.de.vu - large CB-radios collection from old days into the modern times.
- http://www.cb-funk.at - Internet platform toRe+revive the CB of radio in Austria
