Chatten
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The Chatten [ˈxatən] (lat. Chatti) (also Katten written) were a Germanic race, that in the range of the upper run of the Lahn and the valleysfrom Eder, Fulda and Werra resided, which to large parts the today's Niederhessen and upper Hessen, and/or. North Hesse and partially. Central Hessen corresponds. Hessen is a later modification of the master name of the Chatten, and the Chatten is thereby the name givers modern Hessen.
Central area of thechattischen residential area were the level of Fritzlar - Wabern and the Kasseler basin as well as the surrounding low mountain ranges. Ausläufer of the settlement area were enough into the outermost edge regions of the Rhine Main area inside, where the Chatten in the 1. Century conflicts with the Romans would several times deliver. The origin of the Chattenthe Chatten does not lie however as separate trunk into the area between red hair mountains and Rhön until today as far as possible in the dark, after newest research and level of knowledge immigrated. Rather smaller stragglers Sueben became - groups from the time of the Ariovist as well as other Rhine-Weser-Germanic people shanks and smaller celtic Ethnien from an immigrated elbgermanischen ruler layer to the trunk of the Chatten unites.
As the Ubier, which lived at the lower Lahn and in the Westerwald, 39 v.Chr. by the Roman field gentleman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa on linksrheinisches area was resettled, took the Chatten with agreement of the Romansoccasionally their country in possession. After conflicts with the Sugambrern and the realization that the Romans plans for the conquest of Magna Germania (Grossgermanien, which free Germanien) preserved, they withdrew themselves from the area of the resettled Ubier. In the year 9 n. Chr. the Chatten tookunder guidance of their master prince at the rebellion of the Arminius against Varus part and were received in the following years a anti-Roman coalition under guidance of the Cherusker . On the other hand a chattischer noble is to have been involved named Adgandestrius in the murder of the Arminius, those into the years19 - 21 n.Chr. one dates. In the year 15 n.Chr. Mattium (not located - the old person castle in Niedenstein with Kassel separates as location out, since it was destroyed already in former times by Sueben), one of the principal places of the Chatten, with the revenge campaign of the Germanicus was completely destroyed.
over approx. 58 n.Chr. it came to fights of the Chatten with their eastern neighbours, the Hermunduren, around a salt-prominent border river (supposed the Werra).
69 n. Chr. took part the Chatten in the Bataveraufstand under thatGuidance of the Julius Civilis. Generally the Bataver, which resided in the area of the later Netherlands, is addressed as, an earlier part of the Chatten emigrated abgespaltener after internal conflicts and.
162 n. Chr. the Chatten broke in in Obergermanien and Rätien , 170 n.Chr. in Belgium.
Around 213 n. Chr committed chattische Mrs. Suizid, in order into the Roman slavery to be kidnapped.
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Tacitus reported on the Chatten
the Roman historical writer Tacitus reported in its Germania the fact that the Chatten is more than other Germanic trunks mountain inhabitants and for this reason over firmer bodies, sehnigere members and ordered a regsameren spirit. In its discipline and theirOrganization fate compares Tacitus the Chatten with the Romans. Like the Roman Legionäre they heard on the instructions of their army leaders, conditions in firm battle order and entrenchd themselves over night. The moreover Tacitus calls a custom of the Chatten: these became, as soon as they had arisen, their mainand whiskers to grow let weihen and a divinity. Over the killed enemy and the booty weapons cut off it to main and whiskers and announce themselves the fact that they are worthy now of their trunk and their parents and would have paid their birth.
around 600: Integrationinto the Frankish master federation
at the beginning 6. Century became the area of the Chatten of Franconias under Chlodwig I. occupied and in their kingdom integrated, in order to protect the Frankish borders before the Saxonia, those north the Chatten settled and again and again into chattischesand Frankish area penetrated.
The statement of a certain partial autonomy of the Chatten in relation to Franconias led to it that they remain beside the Friesen the only Germanic race, with which both name and settlement area up to the today's day kept.
In the Franconia realm those remainedChatten longest their old Germanic Gods faithfully. To cases of the Donareiche with Geismar, close Fritzlar by Bonifatius in the year 723 gave the excursion to its Christianisierung.
the new name Hessen arose to 738 for the first time in history: Gregor of route reported ina sending letter at Bonifatius of a chattischen partial trunk, the people that Hessen (populus hassiorum), that at the lower Fulda siedelte. Der Name Hessen wurde fortan als Sammelname auf alle chattischen Teilstämme in Ober- und Niederhessen angewendet. Die Namenswandlung von Chatten zu Hessen verlief in mehreren Zwischenschritten: Chatti --> Hatti --> Hassi (um 700) --> Hessi (738) --> Hessen. The linguistic Herleitung der Namensentwicklung erklärt sich wie folgt: Chatten --> Hatten --> Hatzen --> Hassen --> Hessen.
to Unterstämme and/or splitting off
see also
literature
- Tacitus, Cornelius Publius: Germania - Duesseldorf: Kind-badly & Winkler, 2001
- Pohl, walter: The Teutons - Munich: Oldenbourg, 2000 (encyclopedia of German history)
- ruffle, Arnulf: The history of the Teutons - Frankfurt/Main: Campus, 2002
- Wolters, pure hard: The Romans in Germanien -Munich: C.H.Beck, 2000
- Döbler, Hannsferdinand: The Teutons: Putting one and reality of A-Z - Munich: Orbis publishing house, 2000
- reports of the commission for archaeological national research in Hessen 3, 1994/1995 - Bonn, Dr. Rudolf having ELT GmbH, 1995
