Diploma

the diploma (v. griech. Διπλοµ α diploma) was actually the Schreibtafel folded up from two sheets; with the Romans generally an official execution, in particular one by signature and seal authenticated document. In this meaning the word was not during the whole Middle Ages any morecommon. Instead important documents with Charter, page, became Literae etc. designated. Only in 17. Century was used the word diploma again and designated all official historical recordings. Later instead increasingly the German word document uses. As diplomas nearly only documents became over thoseAcquisition more academically were designated, the successful conclusion of training or honors for extraordinary achievements.

diploma as academic degrees

Germany

in Germany is the diploma the most frequent academic degree, which students at universities beside the Magister can attain as conclusion of scientific training. While the Magister is predominantly lent in spirit-scientific courses of studies, diploma courses of studies prepare engineer and scientific traditionally particularly on as well asgenerally on academic occupations defined by a clearly outlined career profile forwards.

As university degree the diploma exists only since 1899, when the engeneering graduate at the technical universities was introduced. A further German university conclusion is the first state examination, which does not represent an academic degree - howthe university due to the existed state examination additionally an academic degree to lend can -, however likewise in principle for graduation justified. The diploma study is divided into two phases: (Mostly viersemestrige) the basic study, with that the so-called. Vordiplom is locked, and (four to sechssemestrige) the main study.

To that Professional schools the diploma is lent as academic degrees, it is likewise marked however by the additive (FH) and justified not in principle, but under special conditions, for graduation. Apart from orientation rather application-oriented contrary to the universitären diploma the diploma of the professional schools differs also throughthe usually shorter study duration of 6-8 terms.

At the comprehensive universities gradated conclusions were lent for the first time, which so-called diploma I and diploma II, whereby first corresponded legally to the diploma (FH), the latter the universitären diploma.

Austria

in Austria gives it the diplomaonly in the engineering sciences in the form as an engeneering graduate and/or. Engeneering graduate (FH). This degree, differently than usually in Germany, is shortened not Dipl. - engineer, but THOSE. Courses of studies in other subjects, which likewise lock in Germany with the diploma degree, lead degrees in Austria to a Magister -.

Bologna process

in the course of the Bologna process, the standardization of study conclusions in Europe, the diploma courses of studies are to run out to the year 2010 and change over to the gradated Bachelor - master system, but some Lands of the Federal Republic want to make it for their universities possible also further, proven diploma and differentTo maintain courses of studies under certain conditions and/or. again to furnish. In Austria for new, gradated courses of studies on master level further the same degree as thus with the old basicconstant courses of studies, will assign engeneering graduate or Magister. Gradated courses of studies at Austrian professional schools are marked further by the additive FH. Besidesif master degrees in konsekutiven courses of studies, so-called university training courses become in Austria, assign.

Here an example of a university:

(Diploma course of studies with one average period of study of ten terms; Master with four terms; the graduation duration was accepted with six terms, however only one appoximate value is, there mostGraduations „average period of study “are not subject.)

after (usually good to very good) the conclusion of a diploma course of studies at a universityor a graduation is possible for university on an equal footing. Under special conditions also graduates of diploma of the professional schools at a university can attain a doctorate. That does not apply to a diploma conclusion at a vocational academy, since it does not concern with this an academic degree.

pay-legal classificationin Germany

at the conference of Secretary of cultural affairs of 12. June 2003 was called it: „The Bachelor and master conclusions are independent occupation-qualifying university conclusions. The integration of a Bachelorabschlusses into a diploma course of studies is just as impossible, as the award of a master degree due to a diploma course of studies locked with success. “, so that „Bachelorabschlüsse (...) in principlethe same authorizations as diploma conclusions of the professional schools (lend); konsekutive master conclusions lend the same authorizations as diploma and Magisterabschlüsse of the universities and universities on an equal footing. “

Pay-legally this means that Bachelor /diploma (FH) - graduates the elevated service, master /diploma - graduates are assigned to the higher service.

see also

• university examination
• list of the academic degrees in Germany

Web on the left of

• example of a study order
• TU-9: Initiative of the nine largest technical universities of Germany for the gradual replacement of the diploma by the Bachelor in the course of the Bologna process