Falun gong
Falun gong (法轮功, also 法轮大法 Falun Dafa) is a new religious movement on the basis of Qi gong, originating from China. Falun gong was introduced to 1992 in the People's Republic of China in the public and spread for the first time since then world-wide. Hauptwerk is the Zhuan Falun written by the founder left Hongzhi.
Falun gong became in the west mainly by the prohibition 1999 in China and following national pursuit admits.
Table of contents |
introduction
the name “Falun gong” consist of “Falun” (= “wheel of the law”) and 'Qigong '(traditional Chinese exercises for the cultivation of body and spirit). Left Hongzhi is considered as the founders of Falun gong, it presented to 1992 the technology of the public. According to its statement existed the technology is already enough before. It is to have been called Falun Xiulian Dafa and have been passed on only from master to pupil.
Basis of Falun gong is the book Zhuan Falun, which by left Hongzhi was written and 1995 were published. The book is to be read again and again and again, in order to get itself going on the cultivation way. Besides left wrote still over 20 further books concerning Falun gong. For the Falun gong driving is important beside the Hauptwerk Zhuan Falun a collection of short articles, which were written in poem form originally in Chinese and which likewise serve for the moral guidance.
The emblem of Falun gong shows a red circle with a large golden Swastika - symbol, which of an orange ring with four further Swastika symbols and four Yin and Yang - symbols is enclosed. Falun gong uses the Swastika in an originally traditional meaning, and wants in no way on the swastika of the national socialism to report.
contents of
Falun gong originates from the buddhistischen and daoistischen culture system. Falun gong contains similar elements, as it also in the Buddhismus, Daoismus, which traditional Chinese medicine, and to which Qigong seem, in addition, contains own components. Left Hongzhi is often called by trailers in Chinese tradition “master left”.
five Qigong become in the context of Falun gong - exercises practiced, four of it are implemented in standing and an exercise in the plumb bob US seat as Meditation. These are in detail:
- Buddha stretches 1000 hands out (Fo Zhan Qian Shou company): The body is stretched and eased.
- Requirement wheel stake position (Falun Zhuang company): The arms are high-held circular in four differently positions for a longer time.
- Connect from sky and earth (Guan Tong Liang Ji company): The arms are upward moved off and. Thus the Qi of the body is to be mixed with that of the cosmos.
- Requirement wheel sky circle (Falun Zhoutian company): One paints with the palms at certain lines close of the body surface along. This is to bring the energy in the body to flowing.
- Reinforcement of the supernatural forces (Shentong Jiachi company): This exercise is implemented contrary to the previous not in standing, but in the Lotussitz. Here arm movements and Meditation are implemented.
Practicing the exercises is however according to left only one part of the way, more value than on reading the book and practicing the exercises, is on the moral behavior in the everyday life life to be put. Humans are to cultivate themselves, by doing property and avoiding bad. This includes that he resets personal needs and more strongly to the public interest dedicates themselves, it is not not from low motives with others in conflict to turn out and not argue. Thus the Xinxing (mental nature) is increased, and thus finally the cultivation energy. If each particular however on the cultivation of its Xinxing not respected, the execution of the exercises will show no success.
Humans are to have been driven out according to Zhuan Falun due to their Egozentrik by higher cosmic levels. As last chance they remain in this world, without knowing from the other worlds to. The earlier Untaten would have itself in the form of Yeli, i.e. bad Karma, accumulated, and one had to diminish this, in order to arrive at the release. If one acts or thinks not egoistically, and in harmony with the three cosmic characteristics, progresses one lives on the cultivation way. The cosmic characteristics participate:
- 真 Zhēn - truthfulness (literal: really, truely)
- 善 Shàn - mercy (literal: well, friendly)
- 忍 Rěn - indulgence (literal: bears, borne)
if one on this path progresses, can one according to the Zhuan Falun special abilities attain, cultivation abilities mentioned. If one operates Falun gong with the goal, these abilities to receive, one would reach likewise nothing, since one does not progress thereby in cultivation.
trivia
left Hongzhi describes Zhuan Falun in a chapter of its book that scientists increased one with him by the 80-170fache output of gamma-rays and thermal neutrons measure could. The science of left Hongzhi states further, mankind was already extinguished 81mal and in each case developed by few survivors of the Urgesellschaft on again. As proof left Hongzhi in the Zhuan Falun 2 billion a years old nuclear power station , the nature reactor Oklo, into Africa and a human foot casting beside the fossil of a Trilobiten states .
organization
Falun gong originated in to about 70 million in China and had there at the beginning of pursuit 1999 according to Chinese media, according to Falun gong 100 million trailer. Exact numbers could not be called already at that time, since there is no official membership. Instead humans the exercises practice and cultivate their spirit according to the rules of Falun gong. With the prohibition of the movement are still more difficult reliable numbers to determine. At present it is to give according to data of the Chinese government 2 million trailers in China. Falun gong proceeds however still from 100 million.
Exercise materials are spread free of charge in the Internet, even the Zhuan Falun and the other books can read one free of charge in the Internet (see Web left below). This contributed to the world-wide spreading of Falun gong. According to data of the movement there is to be practicing in over 60 countries. In Germany there are about 1000-2000 trailers and in Switzerland of 500-1000 people the Falun gong practices. In Taiwan there are roughly 300,000 practicing.
To be stated unpolitically and only loosely organized Falun gong. However many trailers actually engage themselves, in order to make attentive on the pursuit of Falun gong: by handbills, web pages, in political forums and by forceless actions, as Sit in. In many countries in the world associations were created. Falun gong trailers spread prints and operate a widely distributed network of web pages, in order to make the world public actually attentive on pursuit in China and on the movement. The organization is however quite loose. Principal purposes of such associations are the attitude of pursuit in China and support of new practicing by offering courses, the spreading of the Zhuan Falun and further documentation.
classification
Falun gong calls itself as not religiously, but regards themselves as a Qigong form, a whose goal is purely the physical and mental perfection. Falun gong members is open it to belong to any denomination.
In the external view Falun gong is arranged however frequently as sparkling wines , cult or new religious movement. From sociological view a classification is however not justified as sparkling wines, since particularly the exclusive membership, which is typical for sparkling wines, is not with Falun gong. New religious movement Falun gong is called, because she compared with other Qigong forms a clear mirror-image-ritual Unterton has and the faith in supernatural forces spread. In its center Hongzhi a charismatische figure with left , which Falun gong, is located with many other new religious movements in common has. The commitment comes to strengthen in a fast changing society moral and ethics and to create guidelines for its trailers (Lit.: Chan, S.673ff).
history
in May 1992 published left Hongzhi for the first time the theories of Falun gong in the city Changchun. This happened in form of public meetings, like training groups or lectures. From its lectures on these meetings finally developed exercise materials and the book Zhuan Falun, which 1995 appeared. it received the title “most popular Qigong master” and Falun gong the highest honor on a nationally organized health fair to 1993.
According to left Falun gong is a cultivation way, which was delivered in former times only in the secret one. Left published Falun gong according to own statement, because he recognized a dropping of the social moral, what to increased suffering of mankind lead.
Chinese observers report also that Falun gong had at first quite agreement in the government. Appraisals and experiences would have shown that their methods were beneficial “for the public health”. Many members from government and a party are or were even part of the movement. Only as it increasingly political meaning got, the further propagation of official side was suppressed.
in April 1999 appeared in the university newspaper of Tianjin a Qigong critical article. Falun gong felt attacked by the article, to 19. April several members were arrested with a sit-down strike. Thereupon 10,000 trailers met to 25. April before the Petitionsbüro in Peking, in order to submit against the arrests a Petition. That the practicing were again released, dissolved the accumulation became to be familiar.
The incident served as reason for the prohibition of Falun gong to 22. July 1999. Already to 20. July 1000 in particular well-known Falun gong-practicing was arrested. Gong-practicing, which to Peking went, after the prohibition over 10.000 Falun, in football stadiums were interned, and generally speaking country with house searches many hundredthousands of Falun of gong books were seized and destroyed. Additionally there was a large propaganda campaign against Falun gong.
pursuit
since 1999 is Falun gong in the context of general pursuit of religious groups forbidden. Falun gong trailers suffer in China under substantial Repressionen. Also a set of violations of human rights in connection with pursuit are deplored.
In China over 100.000 Falun gong practicing in labour camps , punishing camps and psychiatric institutes were arrested up to now. In May 2005 2234 torture-dead were in particular well-known. It was reported in numerous cases by tortures. Already with suspicion on membership with Falun gong these people without court decision up to three can be in-supplied years long in hard labour camps.
According to Falun gong data pursuit is organized over special police places, to 10. June 1999 by arrangement were based by Jiang Zemin. Derived from this date (on Chinese/English “6-10”) this organization briefly” office 610 “one call. Leader is left Lanqing and execution representative Luo Gan. Both are in the meantime members of the Politbüros of the communist party of China (KPCh).
Falun gong trailers initiate internationally collections of signatures, in order to reach a human right complaint against Jiang Zemin. In January 2004 in 12 countries 16 procedures were opened torture and crime because of genocide, against mankind against Jiang and other important guidance personalities of China, due to the role, which they played in pursuit Falun gong. Also in Germany Jiang Zemin was indicated meanwhile because of genocide and crime against the humanity.
propaganda and Gegenpropaganda
in the course of pursuit affects the Chinese government with propaganda the population, in order to represent the movement as dangerous. Media, which Falun gong not when sparkling wines represent, suppressed in China of the state. On the other hand pursuit Falun gong is to a large extent unknown in the Chinese population or is played down. Million copies of the books, videos and clay/tone carriers of the movement were publicly burned.
According to the official press agency controlled by the party “Xinhua” are itself to 23. January 2001 at the Tiananmen place five humans (one week later changed for “the number sieves) Xinhua” burned. A 36-jährige woman died, her 12-jährige daughter died later in the hospital. The government maintained, it acted thereby around Falun gong practicing, during reporters of CNN (which are to have been present with the incident according to the Chinese government), the U.N. - Human right committee as well as Falun gong practicing this deny and to the government the production of this incident accuse. A video analysis of the incident (see [1 ]), however worked over again, shows the fact that Lu Xunlin does not break down due to the flames is killed but by a man in a military coat.
The Selbstverbrennung at the Tiananmen place is propagandistically cannibalized by the Chinese government. It becomes as alleged proof the fact that the movement is dangerous and to float knows its members into the suicide, used. Abroad supplied via the Chinese messages a multiplicity of Chinese combinations, politicians and sparkling wine-assigned messages via Falun gong from the view of the Chinese government.
Within China Falun gong has hardly a possibility for the public work, since the spreading is hard punished by information about Falun gong and about pursuit. Abroad however the movement is very active, in order to make the western media attentive on pursuit. Thus always very strongly the peacefulness and Harmlosigkeit of the movement are stressed, above all however national pursuit against the group. Falun gong trailers developed many different web pages, in order to represent their point of view in detail. To public Web forums an activity of trailers of the movement points itself likewise.
Falun gong uses the satellite television station NTDTV (new seaweed Dynasty TV) for the spreading of own programs, statonierten in the USA. About 20% of the transmitting time are used for the reporting over Falun gong and related topics. Falun gong represents the own point of view and attacks often the KPCh . Allegedly has Falun gong in addition, the signals of the Chinese satellite Sinosat I of 23. to 30. June 2002 disturbed and own publicity films so in China sent (see [2]).
sandstorm
Falun gong trailers have the feature sandstorm (abbreviations: 沙尘暴; Long character: 沙塵暴; Pinyin: shā chén bào) produces, in which pursuit is brought up for discussion by the office 610. Main figure is a policeman He Tian Ying (Rong Tian), which is busy by Falun gong practicing with the “reeducation”. A practicing (Lily Liang) resists despite all torture and says to it that he by its bad acts only harm himself, since these drop back to him. Also the bad moral of the society as a whole will express itself in a disaster. This corresponds to the philosophy of Falun gong.
It comes to a strong sandstorm, in which many humans die. The policeman and his Mrs. Tong Mou (Zeng Ziyu) are included in their dwelling, without river, telephone and with little food and water. Their daughter was at the school and waited on it to be fetched their fate is uncertain.
While his wife dies slowly at an illness, the policeman reflects over his acts and finds to Falun gong. At the end of the film it experiences that its daughter was saved by engaged Falun gong trailers as well as many other humans.
“Sandstorm” was distinguished on several smaller Filmfestivals in the whole world.
reasons for pursuit
official is the reason for pursuit that Falun gong is harmful sparkling wines. Trailers would be manipulated and into the suicide floated.
Actual however thereby the unusual hardness of the procedure is hardly to be explained against simple practicing. Therefore there are some speculations to the reasons for pursuit. These are however only theories, since the Chinese government does not justify its pursuit deeply.
a possible explanation for the hard procedure of the government is offered historical reasons with view of Chinese history against Falun gong. In the past rebellions and unrests were released again and again by people religions, although these not necessarily primarily political goals pursued. Some emperor dynasties were fallen even by such religious unrests. Examples are yellow Turbane, red Turbane, Taiping rebellion and boxing up conditions.
At the seizure of power of the communists in the year 1949 it successfully succeeded to them the meaning sparkling wines and religion movements back urge. Thus increasingly a policy of the restraint became generally accepted in relation to religion movements.
When however in the year gong of thousands of humans 1999 Falun could mobilize, this frightened the Chinese government up, and this led again to a stronger pursuit of religious movements. Nationally not recognized religion movements are subject therefore to pursuit.
A representative of this thesis is the religion scientist stroke ore being value (article from it to the topic).
size and meaning
Falun gong are at its high point about 70-100 million trailer in China to have had. The communist party had at that time fewer members.
The large number of people the Falun gong may probably have practiced be, which could not accept Jiang Zemin. So the reason of Falun gong practicing.
further theories
China a communist atheistisches country is official. A so large mirror-image-ritual organization contradicts.
criticism and support
main point of criticism is surely the reproach of the Chinese government against Falun gong the death of more than thousand trailers to have along-caused. Reason for this is the refusal of the school medicine, and the idea that suffering and diseases a reason must be had and borne, in order to diminish the bad Karma. Some trailers are to have died at their diseases, have floated others by pain in the Suizid. The alleged Selbstverbrennung at the Tiananmen place counts as main example of it. This reproach is also partly taken over by western critics. For maintained death there is however no independent confirmation. Left Hongzhi rejects suicide in its books killing in principle, so also. In its training video it stresses even that one should to be able to be treated, if one feels seriously ill.
Also the Chinese government Falun gong and above all left Hongzhi accuses monetary interests. So it is to have taken alone 1.2 million Yuan according to data of the Chinese government 1993 and 1994. It is to be marked however that Falun gong is passed on indeed free of charge that the national Qi-combination organized in former times the courses in China and that the Falun gong books before pursuit were likewise published by the government.
Criticism comes for example from Ingo Heinemann of the “action for mental ones and psychological liberty” (AGPF). Mainly on their web page (see Web on the left of) the self-manifestation is doubted by Falun gong. Like that the statements, Falun gong is unpolitical and no organization, with a set of examples analyzed. Further to a possible sparkling wine tendency one refers.
Church sparkling wine-assigned and a set of reporters see certain problematic or sparkling wine-like courses apart from aspect of pursuit with the movement. However call not all Falun gong sparkling wines, since there is no strong organization and appropriate connection of the members. From different sides first of all the requirement on absolute truth is criticized. According to Falun already small deviations from the original exercises the effect can impair gong or dangerously turn around.
On the other side Falun gong is supported by some western organizations, for example of the international one society for human rights (IGFM) [3] or Religioustolerance. According to data Falun gong was nominated left Hongzhi by different sides for the Nobel peace prize. Falun gong got world-wide more than 1200 honors of different organizations.
literature
- left Hongzhi: Zhuan Falun (German version), publishing house Dexheimer, ISBN 3-932273-59-1 (Zhuan Falun in the Web)
- left Hongzhi: The Chinese Falun gong, Beijing, publishing house for fremdsprachige literature 1996, ISBN 7-11901846-9
- Thomas Heberer: Falungong - religion, sparkling wines or cult? A welfare community as Manifestation of modernization problems and social alienation processes, ISBN 3934601383 (as pdf)
- Manuel Hörth: The pursuit of Falun gong ISBN 3-932273-85-0 (as pdf)
- Cheris Shun ching Chan: The fG in China: A sociological perspective. in The China Quarterly, September. 2004, S. 665ff
- stroke ore being value: Putrefying gong - a new religious movement as a main enemy relating to domestic affairs of the Chinese government. In religion state State of, Bd. 1, 2000, S. 119-144
Web on the left of
| Wikiquote: Falun gong - quotations |
pro Falun gong
- Falun gong sides: German Falun Dafa side, side over the pursuit of Falun gong, FalunGong.de
- article over Falun gong
- side over Falun gong and analysis of the point of view of the AGPF
criticism to Falun gong
further voices
- articles of stroke ore being value to Falun gong (pdf)
- side to Falun gong (English)
- entry in the Skeptics Dictionary (English)
pursuit
| This article was taken up to the list of the articles worth reading. |
