Tile

Tiles are artificially manufactured plates, as winding and Floor mats are used.

Cut by a purifying A things plate * photography and graphic treatment: Roland Nonnenmacher

Production

That Raw material for burned tiles is as . Partially also porcelain earth becomes (, Dolomite, , , , or gemahlenes .

The base dimensions becomes either as dry pressing mass too tiles (Fine ceramics) or as mass with higher water content in strands pressed and afterwards to gap or soil clinker plates (Coarse ceramics) cut. Subsequently, the blanks are dried, glazed and burned partly.

With at temperatures from 900 to 1200°C the blanks get their final characteristics and quality characteristics. For a colored become Metallic oxides with burned.

Quality criteria

Tiles essentially become after their wasseraufnahmefaehigkeit and the stability opposite their surface ( (glazes, only on the surface colored) and Purifying A things (unglazed, completely and through-colored) as well as in (for the use in the external area). For the latters the water absorption ability (s. is decisive u.).

Water absorption ability

In that European standard EN 87 are divided ceramic tiles and plates after their water absorption ability into four groups.

Frost-steadily and thus for the external area suitably only tiles and plates of the group are I. Also tiles, those on considered surfaces - z.B. up - against precipitation protected to be shifted, must be assigned the group I, since they do not lie there frost-protected.

Abrasion resistance

The ruggedness of glazed tiles and plates approximately by sharpening and sand jet examination one determines. On the basis the examination results the tiles and plates are divided in five classes.

• Class 1: for few stressed wall surfaces, reduced also for and Slipper ranges in baths and
• Class 2: for an easy demand within all living ranges
• Class 3: for middle demand within all living ranges except , , Terrace
• Class 4: for high demand in house entrances, on terraces, in kitchens, work and in marketing areas;
• Class 5: for highest demand in all areas and on all surfaces, which are extremely loaded, z.B. in or in that

With soil "Beanspruchung" within the living range one speaks also of Going load and much and/or. little committed surfaces.

Slip resistance appraisal teams

According to DIN 51130 one differentiates into so-called r-classes. The more highly the number standing behind R, the more slide-restraining. For the commercial range classes of R9 are prescribed - for R13. Those BGR 181 of the professional associations applies however no to floors in work spaces, work areas and operational traffic routes, which are used drying, and where the danger slipping due to slidingpromoting materials does not exist.

For the private sector there are no defaults, it is advisable for adhesion reasons also here the use of examined and certified tiles with at least R9-Klassifizierung.

Furthermore one differentiates depending upon application for the barefoot range into the classes A, B and C. Within ranges, where greasy or "pasty" or fibrous-tough materials arrive at the soil, must tiles also still another "displacement area" possess, after four the v-classes one evaluates.

If tiles are also inserted to small slide inhibition, high requirements for compensation threaten in the accident.

Formats (in Germany)

Wall tiles: 10 x 10 cm, 18 x 18 cm, 13.5 x 19 cm, 15 x 22.5 cm, 20 x 25 cm, 15 x 20 cm, 20 x 33.3 cm, 28.4 x 40.8 cm, 30 x 60 cm

Bodenfliesen: 20 x 20 cm, 20 x 25 cm, 25 x 25 cm, 30 x 30 cm, 30.5 x 30.5 cm, 32 x 32 cm, 33 x 33 cm, 40 x 40 cm, 41 x 41 cm, 30 x 60 cm

Besides shaped parts for base training exist, Bordueren, stairway steps, corners etc.. Also special kinds of rails for connections to other floor mats, corners etc.. are available.

Tools to tiles put

For blocking the following tools are needed:

• a clean Bucket (10 l),
• one Flexschneider, to cutting tiles,
• one Tile witch,
• a pair Knieschuetzer,
• one Parrot pliers to breaking holes,
• one Quirl to stirring up the adhesive and into those Tile joints,
• Sponge board, with that those Tile joint beige-worked and the redundant one wipes,
• one for the anglefair creation of the first tiles,
• one Tooth spoon to laying on Tile adhesive.

Web on the left of

• Method of laying (thick bed procedure)
• Mastership examination tiles -, plates -, mosaic-casually 2004, Cologne
• Berufsgenossenschaftliche rules BGR 181 floors in work spaces and work areas with slip hazard
• Tipps approximately around the tile putting
• Info. LINE tiles - on-line encyclopedia with basic knowledge, examples, dates, addresses, etc..
• Tiles information and catalog - tiles and bath planners, tile encyclopedia and a forum approximately around the tile

Literature

• Wilfried Hans man and William Joliet, "much thousand pleasures" with falcons and herons the Rotterdamer tiles and tile tablets in lock falcon desire to Bruehl, administration lock Bruehl, Bruehl (2004)