Joint sound

With compound words (Komposita) become in that German language at the integral boundaries frequently determined Sounds inserted. They become as Joint elements, Joint sounds, Joint character, Jointsmorphemee or Epenthesen designates.

Frequently s come -, (e)n and e as joint morphemes forwards. Since joint elements are determined to a large extent by the front member, become they from many Linguist as Suffix the front member of a kompositums outstandingly.

Joint elements leave the front member of a kompositums frequently like its Plural or its Genitive look. There is not a connection with the Plural or the genitive however, as Gegenbeispiele occupy: Hotel, Guest room are Singular and Plural without joint sound, Hurenson have a joint sound deviating from the genitive and the front member stands in the Singular, Mountainsnglowing is a Plural with Epenthese. However there are also many obviously unentscheidbare border lines, how Lakenplate (Plural or joint sound) and World fallstendency (genitive or joint sound), whereas in other cases, how Seelsorger and SeelENmore troester, the word comparison a joint sound to appear more probable leaves than a genitive or a Pluralbildung. Joint sounds and their choice seem partial to be connected also with becoming extinct inflection forms, as GroundENcitizen, Earth citizen.

Table of contents

Use

The rules for the use of the joint sounds are clarified not completely. Exist several different joints for a Erstglied, can new formations frequently only with one of it be made, the other forms are lexikalisiert (about: Man strength but not Manstrousers separate only Man trousers). Erstglieder with certain Suffixen how keit, heit, ion, ung u.A. form komposita also in principle Joining. Komposita, with those the first part is again complex, have frequently in s as joint element (Stationsresounds but Hof-hund). Phonetic regularities play probably only a Nebenrolle with the selection.

In particular with authorities and the German Federal Armed Forces individual compound words are often regarded as wrong: Thus be called it there Meal mark, and not Mealsmark or Compensation, and not Damagesreplacement. Here a meaning is measured out to the joint, it does not have.

Frequently there are different regional variants. In the BGB of the FRG becomes Damagesreplacement used, thus with joint sound. The jurisprudential literature of the country follows this way of writing apparent predominantly. In Austria however is the way of writing Compensation without joint sound prevailing.

With joining is there a north south difference. It steps into Austria and in South Germany (upper German Language area) more frequently up than in Northern Germany (down German Language area), Example: Pigeroast and Pigsroast (whereas the import speciality Pigshaxe quite also in Hanover or in the Rhine country instead of the native Pork knuckle and/or. Haemmchen, on one FeedENmap to appear can, those elsewhere than Feedemap applies).

Examples

Examples of word compositions with joint sounds: Adviceeplay, Ducknegg, Misfortunesrabe, Boatsshoes, Breakfastsegg, Marriagesrequest, Religionsteacher, Helpsreadiness, Countryscrew, Dogsmeet, Dogehut, Worksadministration, IllENinsurance, Displacementsenergy, Sangitart, Workscafeterianlandlordspeople, necessarilyENif, noneitif, hopetlich, mytbecause of, (regionally also: mytsbecause of)

Literature

  • Joint sounds are in Duden (grammar) in the chapter To the word formation described.
  • Augst: Investigations for the morpheme inventory of the German modern language. Tübingen.
  • Eike Christian deer: German for know-it-alls. dtv 1976, ISBN 3423109521 (only in Second-hand bookshop available)

See also

Web on the left of

 

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