Gaetano Donizetti

Gaetano Donizetti (* 29. November 1797 in Bergamo, today Italy; † 8. April 1848 in Bergamo) was an Italian composer. It ranks among the most important opera composers of the Belcanto. Some its operas such as L'elisir d'amore (dt. That love-climb), Don Pasquale and Lucia di Lammermoor belong to the world-wide standard repertoire of the opera houses.

lives

Gaëtano Donizetti, lithography of Joseph Kriehuber, 1842

Donizetti studied under Simon Mayr in Bergamo and that Pater Mattei in Bologna and dedicated itself at the beginning of only the church composition in the strict style.

After the return to its father city 1814, where he dressed the place of a bassists and an archivist at the church Santa Maria Maggiore, it could resist however not for a long time the attraction,which has the stage for all Italian composers, and five years later it brought its first opera to Enrico di Borgogna in Venice to the performance. She pleased, however just as few made as 19 other operas, which it wrote from 1818 to 1828 (L'Ajo nell'lmbarazzo, Elvira, Alfredo Le Grande, Olivo e Pasquale, Alahor in Granada, Chiara e Serafino and. A.), larger attention.

Only with the Esule di Roma (1828 specified in Neapel) mehrte itself its success and its call.

In most rapid consequence appearednow of it in Genova Alina, regina di Goiconda, in Neapel Gianni di Calais, Il Giove grasso; furthermore IL Paria, IL castello di Kenilworth, Il diluvio universal, Francescadi Foix, Imeldade Lambertazzi, La Romanziera and. A., allfor Neapel.

A new period for Donizetti designated its Anna Bolena (1831 for Milan written), until 1835 together with several different the operas: L'elisir d'amore, Fausta, IL Furioso, Parisina followed.

In a kind contest with Bellini with the Italian opera to Paris, which it occurred 1835 with its Marino Fallero against Bellinis I puritani, it had, achieved latter soft however still in the same year with its Lucia di Lammermoor (for Neapel) and Belisario (for Venice) all the larger success.

Donizetti was in the meantime 1834 to the Kapellmeisterand teacher of the composition at the conservatoire appointed Neapel, received on it also the Professur of the counterpoint to 1836 and became 1838, after Niccolò Zingarellis death, director of the institute, however this position gave 1840 up, in order to try for the second time its luck in Paris, this timewith decided success, because he found both in the large opera with its “Favorite” and in the amusing one with its La Fille you regiment. if also not with the first appearance of these works, so nevertheless with the later performances, enthusiastischen applause.

After it 1842 its Linda di Chamounix for Vienna had composed, it the Austrian Hofkapellmeister was appointed, brought to 1844 its Catarina Cornaro in Neapel on the stage and went on it a third time to Paris, in order to achieve here new victories.

However due to excessive efforts in composingand a to-gelless devotion to the benefits of the life it fell here suddenly into a complete sense of stump, from which no means was able to arouse it again. First led back in the lunatic asylum to Ivry with Paris accommodated, then into its father city, he died here 8. April 1848.

Its brother Giuseppe, geb. 1814, were longer time director of the military music of the Sultans in Konstantinopel, where he died 1856. It made itself earned around the introduction abendländischer music and composed marches, pieces of piano and songs.

meaning

Donizetti, with more marvelousEase and speed produced, generally speaking 70 operas composed, whereby it used certainly usually only small care on the instrumenting. Under its serious operas are Lucrezia Borgia (1834). and Lucia di Lammermoor (1835) indisputably the best; under the amusing L'elisir d'amore ( 1832) earn, Lafille you régiment (1840) and Don Pasquale (1843) by its freshness and originality the preference/advantage, even if he must stand back in this regard behind Rossini.

Donizetti is quite in all its works Italian and pursues the direction of the opera, which initiated by the latter masterwas. It ensures in first row for easy and comfortable benefit by presently/immediately responding and exciting melodies, but shows it pretty often also a admiration-worthy depth of the feeling and dramatic Kraft.

works

• IL Pigmalione (1816; 13. October 1960 Teatro Donizetti, Bergamo)
• Enrico di Borgogna (14. November 1818 Teatro San Luca, Venice)
• Una follia (17. December 1818 Teatro San Luca, Venice) (verschollen)
• Le nozze in mansion (1821? Teatro Vecchio, Mantua)
• IL falegname di Livonia, ossia Pietro IL grande (26. December 1819 Teatro San Samuele, Venice)
• Zoraïda thoseGranata (28. January 1822 Teatro Argentino, Rome)
• La zingara (12. May 1822 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• La lettera anonima (29. June 1822 Teatro del Fondo, Neapel)
• Chiara e Serafina, ossia I pirati (26. October 1822 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• Alfredo IL grande (2. July 1823 TeatroSan Carlo, Neapel)
• IL fortunato inganno (3. September 1823 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• Zoraïda di Granata, revised version (7. January 1824 Teatro Argentino, Rome)
• L'ajo nell'imbarazzo (4. February 1824 Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Emilia the Liverpool (28. July 1824 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel) (L'eremitaggio the Liverpool)
• Alahor in Granata (7. January 1826 Teatro Carolino, Palermo)
• Don Gregorio, revised version of L'ajo nell'imbarazzo (11. June 1826 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• Elvida (6. July 1826 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Gabriella di Vergy (1826; 29. November 1869 Teatro San Carlo, Naples)
• Olivo ePasquale (7. January 1827 Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Olivo e Pasquale, revised version (1. September 1827 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• Otto mesi into due ore (13. April 1827 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel) (Gli esiliati in Siberia)
• IL borgomastro di Saardam (19. August 1827 Teatro delFondo, Neapel)
• Le convenienze teatrali (21. November 1827 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• L'esule di Roma, ossia IL proscritto (1. January 1828 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Emilia the Liverpool, revised version (8. March 1828 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• Alina, regina di Golconda (12. April 1828 Teatro CarloFelice, Genova)
• Gianni di Calais (2. August 1828 Teatro del Fondo, Neapel)
• IL paria (12. January 1829 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• IL giovedi grasso (26. February 1829? Teatro del Fondo, Neapel) (IL nuovo Pourceaugnac)
• IL castello di Kenilworth (6. July 1829 Teatro SanCarlo, Neapel)
• Alina, regina di Golconda, revised version (10. October 1829 Teatro Valle, Rome)
• I pazzi by progetto (6. February 1830 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• IL diluvio universal (28. February 1830 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Imelda de Lambertazzi (5. September 1830 Teatro San Carlo,Neapel)
• Anna Bolena (26. December 1830 Teatro Carcano, Milan)
• Le convenienze OD inconvenienze teatrali, revised version of Le convenienze teatrali (20. April 1831 Teatro Canobbiana, Milan)
• Gianni di Parigi (1831; 10. September 1839 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• Francesca di Foix (30. May 1831 TeatroSan Carlo, Neapel)
• La romanziera e l'uomo nero (18. June 1831 Teatro del Fondo, Neapel) (libretto verschollen)
• Fausta (12. January 1832 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Ugo, conte di Parigi (13. March 1832 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• L'elisir d'amore (12. May 1832 Teatro Canobbiana, Milan)
• Sanciadi Castiglia (4. November 1832 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• IL furioso all'isola di San Domingo (2. January 1833 Teatro Valle, Rome)
• Otto mesi into due ore, revised version (1833, Livorno)
• Parisina (17. March 1833 Teatro della Pergola, Florenz)
• Torquato Tasso (9. September 1833 TeatroValle, Rome)
• Lucrezia Borgia (26. December 1833 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• IL diluvio universal, revised version (17. January 1834 Teatro Carlo Felice, Genova)
• Rosmonda d'Inghilterra (27. February 1834 Teatro della Pergola, Florenz)
• Maria Stuarda, revised version (18. October 1834 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)(Buondelmonte)
• Gemma di Vergy (26. October 1834 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• Maria Stuarda (30. December 1835 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• marine Faliero (12. March 1835 Théâtre Italy, Paris)
• Lucia di Lammermoor (26. September 1835 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Belisario (4. February 1836 Teatro LaFenice, Venice)
• IL campanello the notte (1. June 1836 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• Betly, o La capanna svizzera (21. August 1836 Teatro Nuovo, Neapel)
• L'assedio di Calais (19. November 1836 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Pia de' Tolomei (18. February 1837 Teatro Apollo, Venice)
• Pia de'Tolomei, revised version (31. July 1837, Sinigaglia)
• Betly, revised version (29. September 1837 Teatro del Fondo, Neapel)
• Roberto Devereux (28. October 1837 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Maria de Rudenz (30. January 1838 Teatro La Fenice, Venice)
• Gabriella di Vergy, revised version (1838;1978 taken up to London on record)
• Poliuto (1838; 30. November 1848 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Pia de' Tolomei, 2. revised version (30. September 1838 Teatro San Carlo, Neapel)
• Lucie de Lammermoor, revised version (6. August 1839 Théâtre de la Renaissance, Paris)
• Le ducd'Albe (1839; 22. March 1882 Teatro Apollo, Rome) (IL duca d'Alba)
• Lucrezia Borgia, revised version (11. January 1840 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• Poliuto [rev] (10. April 1840 Opéra, Paris) (Les martyrs)
• La fille you régiment (11. February 1840 Opéra Comique, Paris)
• L'ange de Nisida (1839; ?)
• Lucrezia Borgia, 2. revised version (31. October 1840 Théâtre Italy, Paris)
• La favorite, revised version of L'ange de Nisida (2. December 1840 Opéra, Paris)
• Adelia (11. February 1841 Teatro Apollo, Rome)
• Rita, ou Le mari battu (1841; 7. May1860 Opéra Comique, of Paris) (Deux of hommes et une femme)
• Maria Padilla (26. December 1841 Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• Linda di Chamounix (19. May 1842 Kärntnertortheater, Vienna)
• Linda di Chamounix, revised version (17. November 1842 Théâtre Italy, Paris)
• Caterina Cornaro (18. January 1844 Teatro SanCarlo, Neapel)
• Don Pasquale (3. January 1843 Théâtre Italy, of Paris)
• Maria di Rohan (5. June 1843 Kärntnertortheater, Vienna)
• cathedral Sébastien (13. November 1843 Opéra, of Paris)
• cathedral Sébastien, revised version (6. February 1845 Kärntnertortheater, Vienna)

Web on the left of

• side of the Fondazione Donizetti (it.)