Joint

Joint is a mobile connection of at least two bodies. The term finds particularly in that and in that use.

Anatomy

Joint ( Articulatio) out view is a mobile connection of two or several . In anatomy becomes between genuine, i.e. with a gap filled with liquid provided, and false joints differentiated.

False joints

To the false joints belong:

• bone connections (Articulationes cartilagineae)
  • Synchondrosis: Connection over cartilages, z hyalinen.B. to
  • Symphysis: Connection over fiber cartilage, z.B. Volume disks
• bone connections (Articulationes fibrosae)
  • Sutura (seam), z.B. between
  • Syndesmosis (volume detention), z.B. between Radius and Ulna
  • Gomphosis (Einkeilung), z.B. in the tooth subject

Genuine joints

With the genuine joints a gap, that is between the bone ends Joint gap. The joint surfaces are from one covered. Around the joint is one Joint cap. It consists of one

• outside Membrana fibrosa (taut Bindegewebsverband)

Reinforcement of the Membrana fibrosa form those Joint or Cap volumes. In addition, hinged bands can be independent Bindegewebszuege, whereby these itself outside of the joint cap (extrakapsulaere volumes, z.B. Sidebands to Kneeling or Elbow joint) or within the joint cap (intrakapsulaere volumes, z.B. Cross volumes of the Knee joint) to find can. The latters are covered by a layer of the Membrana synovialis, which stand with the joint cap in connection.

The joint cap forms approximately final cavity, those for one Joint cave. It is filled with a viscous liquid, that Synovia ("joint lubricant"), which is a product of the Synovialhaut of the joint cap.

Joint forms

After the form of the joint surfaces the genuine joints can be subdivided further:

• Hinge joint (Ginglymus): It possesses only one movement axle, can be thus only bent and stretched, an example is the elbow joint.
• Saddle joint (Articulatio sellaris): for example thumb basic joint, wrist; can be moved in 2 directions
• Ball joint (Articulatio spheroidea): for example shoulder joint, hip joint; can be moved in all directions
• Roll -, wheel or zapfengelenk (Articulatio trochoidea ): z.B. between inch and spoke
• Ellipsoid or Eigelenk (Articulatio ellipsoidea): z.B. between Atlas and
• even joint (Articulatio plana): z.B. between eddy extensions
• Bicondylaeres joint (Articulatio bicondylaris): Knee joint

See also

Luxation, Verse dipping, Volume tear

Technology

In that become Joints according to the kind that Relative motion and the amount of that f divided.

Possible transaction types are Rotation (turn), Translation (straight-line movement), as well as combinations of it.

possible joints

• Figure 1: Prismatic joint: f=1
• Figure 2: Swivel joint: f=1
• Figure 3: Helical link f=1
• Figure 5: Turning prismatic joint (disk joint) f=3
• Figure 6: Turning prismatic joint f=2
• Figure 7:Ball joint f=3
• Illustration: f=2

See also

Joint vehicle, , Plastic hinge