Geochemistry

the geochemistry is concerned with the material structure, the distribution, the stability and the cycle of chemical elements and their isotopes in minerals, rocks, soil, water and atmosphere. It is the scientific field, the geosciences and chemistry connects. It has the investigation article in common with the geosciences and with chemistry the research methods. The geochemistry is besides closely with the Planetologie and Kosmochemie concerns itself linked, thus also with the understanding of the Chemismus of earthstrange bodies.

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history, task range and questions

into late 19. Century inside was pursued in the geosciences a describing beginning,that the rocks and minerals after their outside characteristics to understand looked for, however however not or hardly the material basis and their chemical dynamics with included. An understanding of this dynamics is however essential, because many questions only let themselves throughgeochemical beginnings answer.

The history of the modern geochemistry, to their founders Viktor Moritz Goldschmidt, Vladimir Iwanowitsch Wernadski, franc Wigglesworth Clarke and Alfred Treibs at the beginning to center 20. Century belonged, is close thereby with that one to geology and mineralogy links. The term decreases/goes back to that Swiss chemist Friedrich beautiful leg (1838). Important stages on the way to the modern understanding of the geochemistry placed the work of Carl Gustav bishop (1846), to Justus Roth (1859) and James David Forbes (1868).

Schematische Darstellung eines geochemischen Kreislaufs
Schematic representation of a geochemical cycle
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methods and applications

by methods of the geochemistry can be examined the temporal development of the earth. By the investigation of the isotopes of trace elements, which are used as isotopic indicators, transportation processes can by material in and on the earth to be reconstructed. Isotope investigations at elements with unstable isotopes and their daughter elements permit also the dating of rocks over the Geochronologie.

The genesis of minerals and rocks is close at their thermodynamic characteristicsattached, an understanding of magmatischer and metamorphic processes without it not possible. An absolute dating is possible without geochemical methods in the rarest cases, so that a describing and thus relative dating is dependent on it. Besides geochemical processes play usuallya large role with the genesis of the material, for example with sediments, which can be dated , and fossils, must be considered thus also to its description with. Further factors are the stability of the minerals and rocks regarding the decomposition andnot least also the distribution and frequency of materials in our environment, both regarding local of systems and regarding the earth and our solar system as a whole.

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subranges

  • analytic geochemistry
  • applied geochemistry
    • archaeological geochemistry
    • Investigation geochemistry
    • medical geochemistry
    • environmental geochemistry
    • Urbane geochemistry
  • aquatic geochemistry
    • hydraulic geochemistry
    • navy geochemistry (sea chemistry)
    • Hydrothermale fluid geochemistry
  • bio geochemistry
  • ore geochemistry
  • Kosmochemie
  • isotope geochemistry
  • coat geochemistry
  • surface geochemistry
  • organic geochemistry
  • sediment geochemistry
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literature

  • Allègre, C. J.; Me pool of broadcasting corporations G.; Varney, R.N.: Introduction ton of Geochemistry. ISBN 90-277-0497-X
  • Faure, G. (1998): Principles and applications OF geochemistry. 2. Edition. To Prentice resound, new jersey.
  • Marshal, C. P.; Fairbridge, R. W. (1999): Encyclopedia OF geochemistry. Encyclopedia OF Earth Sciences Series. Springer publishing house. ISBN 0-412-75500-9
  • Matschullat, J.; Raving sound, H. J.; Voigt,H. - J. (1997):Geochemistry and environment. Springer publishing house, Berlin. ISBN 354061866X
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specialized companies

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technical periodicals

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