High School

This article concerns itself with the school type High School; for further meanings see High School (term clarifying)

High School (form of the Greek latinisierte ?????????) is one resuming school.

In that Federal Republic the High School exists in the framework of the three-membered educational system and usually leads to the general university-level graduation (Abitur). Other school forms (z.B. Occupation high schools, etc..) use the designation gymnasiale upper stage. With the designation Higher school was in former times meant excluding the High School; today closes ugs. Designation also different school forms. The earlier "maedchengymnasium" was called Lyzeum.

In that GDR (1949 - 1990) there was no High School - at its place gave it those Extended high school (EOS).

In that the High School in some cantons is called canton school, in others however High School. Franzoesischsprachige of cantons call the High School Gymnase, Collège (Kollegium) or rarely still Lycée (Lyzeum), like it in is called. Information see Canton school.

In becomes the part of the allgemeinbildenen higher (AHS), which has human fan as emphasis, when High School marks. Besides there is the material High School and the wirtschaftskundliche material High School, with which the differences are however not very large in the individual emphasis.

that maintains Of Liechtenstein High School.

In the so-called leads Lycée to Baccalauréat, which is published for most different scientific technical as well as vocational activities. In France therefore approximately 40 per cent of the work-active population has such a conclusion. The special at the French system is that that Baccalauréat despite gymnasialer training a university graduation is - the final examinations are led by the university, and a very good and/or. very bad existence of the examinations has larger consequences for the later study.

Table of contents

Historical

Origin

In the old Greece was in gymnásion a place of physical and mental training for the male youth, whereby the physical aspect was the center of attention however. In the High Schools naked one trained, which still in the origin of the word of "gymnázesthai" (= with naked body do gymnastics) becomes clear. see also: Gymnastic)

Modern times

Generally

The beginnings of elevated instruction were in the Middle Ages monastery and city schools. These were usually church mechanisms and served above all the training of beginning priests. In Protestant areas became with that in frequently also these schools too Latin schools transformed. The school supervision changed thereby to the national princes or the advice of the city. Principal purpose of the education remained further the acquisition of Latin sprachkenntnisse.

Only in 18. Century also modern languages and natural sciences of subjects of instruction in the school became.

Oldest High Schools in Austria

The oldest High School of Austria is that European High School in Complaint ford, that one based. The secondaryoldest High School is in that Academic High School in the first district.(based ). In the year became in that Steiermark the academic High School in based. As elite school absolutely that is considered 1746 from the Roman-German empress (HRR) Maria Theresia created Theresianum, which admits also as a Theresiani academy is. Due to of Minority rights it gives in complaint ford since Slovenian High School.

Oldest High Schools in Germany

Educational systems

The beginning and the length of the training in a High School hang of the respective Educational system off.

In Germany the High School in most Lands of the Federal Republic begins with the class 5 (Sexta), in Berlin and Brandenburg at expiration of the six-year primary school. In Lower Saxony there was one the year ago 2004 Orientation stage in class 5 and 6, however since that the 1. August 2004 was abolished.

The regular duration of the training at a High School up to Abitur usually nine school years (conclusion 13 amount to. Class stage) (in some eastern Lands of the Federal Republic 8 school years, conclusion class 12). Since the school year 2004/2005 the possibility became open in nearly all Lands of the Federal Republic, the Abitur also after the 12. Class to acquire (eight-year old High School). In Rhineland-Palatinate there is since the Abitur class 2002 after a shortened school time the Abitur after 12.5 years total school time.

Depending upon school financing or Personnel expenditure carrier becomes between national, local and private (also: church) High Schools differentiated. Of the private and/or. church High Schools lead nationally recognized to the Abitur examination, nationally approved on the other hand not. Due to the school financing laws however all private High Schools are financed to approximately 85% from public funds.

see also:

Fields

After that Specialized profiles one differentiates between traditionally that

  • Humanisti High School ' (briefly Hg) with emphasis with the old languages (, since 2003: Scientific-technological High School (NTG), there mathematics in all specialized profiles is directly informed intensively)

Frequently are the mathematical-scientific and again-linguistic profile combined. In some Lands of the Federal Republic (for example North Rhine-Westphalia) this partitioning is waived official and lives at the most to that extent away, as if some tradition schools in the context of the generally binding regulations an own profile maintain, for example only latin as the first foreign language offer. In other Lands of the Federal Republic the specialized profiles become by different Hour boards filled with lives. In Bavaria Humanisti and newlinguistic High School is to Linguistic High School summarized.

Special profiles have that

  • European High School with emphasis on languages, three foreign languages are taught, fourth are possible as obligation to vote subject
  • Music High School (MuG)
  • Sport High School
  • Sociological High School(SWG)
  • Wirtschaftswissenschftliche High School (WWG)

as well as

In contrast to instruction in the High Schools is those Specialized high school with the conclusion that Specialized university-level graduation often practice closer and more strongly occupation-referred.

Arrangement

The gymnasiale bildungsgang is divided into

The classes 5-6 have as in some Lands of the Federal Republic as Orientation stage a special status, which is to facilitate the change between different school forms.

After more predominantly the secondary school I is divided into

The classes 7-10 central stage were called the High School deviating in Lower Saxony, only with class 7 began at least so long. With respect to Austria one differentiates likewise only lower level (5-8) and upper stage (9-12). In Hessen against it the classes 5-10 central stage are called in official texts, since the term lower level is regarded as German translation of "Primarstufe". In Hamburg the lower level extends traditionally of the 5.-6.Class, to it follows the central stage.

Who the 10. Class of the High School successfully locks, acquires in some Lands of the Federal Republic apart from the authorization for the attendance of the upper stage (Upper stage-ripe) also middle graduation that Six-form high school (Middle ripe ones) without further final examination, in other Lands of the Federal Republic for it an external examination of a six-form high school must be put down..

The secondary school II forms those gymnasiale upper stage; it is out-arranged as course system.

The upper stage contains beside the 11. Class also those Kollegstufe, in which the pupils can put their emphasis on a main and a nebenfach. This two fan also with special attention in the Abitur examination are queried. Main advantage of the emphasis setting is for most pupils the logging-off of a foreign language or a natural science. In Rhineland-Palatinate the upper stage calls itself Mainzer study stage, which differs to that extent that the high school graduate already occupied achievement courses starting from class 11 its, those starting from 11/2 Abitur enters and still another characteristic: R-P has 3 achievement courses, of which one is gradated to the Abitur on basic course.

Designations of the class stages

At the German High Schools those become Class stages 5 to 13 (and/or 12) the High School with descending latin number words designates, whereby from the conclusion class one counts:

Austrian High School

The High School is arranged into two sections with in each case four years:

  • Lower level (5. to 8. School stage)
  • Upper stage (9. to 12. School stage)

In a High School both under and upper stage are offered, in one Upper stage material High School only the upper stage. Both under and upper stage are arranged into classes. The numbering of the classes begins usually with each school again, i.e. the 5. School stage in the High School corresponds to the 1. Class.

The crossing of the hauptschule into a High School is possible, if the pupil the fan German, mathematics and living foreign language in the best Leistungsgruppe visited and all other fan with "satisfying" (3) or was better judged.

In the 5. School stage is usually taught as the first living foreign language English. In the human and again-linguistic profile this becomes in the 7. School stage by a second foreign language supplements (, Italian or French) or one selects that school branch, which refers more to mathematics and the natural sciences (material High School). The lower level of the material High School corresponds to a large extent to the hauptschule.

At the beginning in all branches a further language is offered to the upper stage - a second language in the material High School, third in again-linguistic and human High Schools. Punishing ELT it itself usually around the languages French, Italian, latin or Spanish, in the human High School oldGreek. Starting from the 10. The pupils in addition own emphasis can set school stage. In addition they must a limited hour contingent in Obligation to vote articles invest.

In the 11. and 12. The pupils can decide school stage usually additionally between the subjects "musician drawing" and "Bildneri education". This decision is important, if one wants to maturieren in one of these articles. In that subject that one does not select, one can do also none Matura make.

High Schools of the school type "work boarding school" (material High School with training relating to crafts) represent a special form, those in the gymnasialen upper stage a parallel in Austria Handicraft training mediate. (like z.B. that Work boarding school Felbertal and that Evangelist High School with work boarding school in Vienna).

Those Note scale in Austria covers five notes: very well (1), well (2), satisfying (3), sufficient (4), not sufficient (5).

Worth knowing

Gymnasiallehrer become in Austria (until 1918 also in the German Reich) usually with "Professor"addressed, although this designation strictly taken pragmatisierten (verbeamteten) teachers is reserved. This address was for a long time still also in usually ("Klassprofessor"), however after 1968 gradually went down.

Into that years were efforts in the course the normal AHS to 9 years to be expanded. This was accomplished also 2 years. This project was then however again broken off.

Statistics

  • In Germany there are 3 at present.139 High Schools (15 less than in the previous year) with 2.32 million pupils (32.000 more than in the previous year). (Federal Statistical Office, conditions 2003/04)
  • In Austria there are at present to 327 High Schools, material High Schools and upper stage material High Schools

See also

Web on the left of


- word origin, synonyms and translations

 

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