Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (* 21. September 1853 in Groningen; † 21. February 1926 in suffering) was a Netherlands physicist.
life
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes began its study in Groningenand changed for some terms to Heidelberg (with Kirchhoff and Bunsen), where he could achieve a seminar price. 1882 he became a professor at the University of suffering. Here he co-operated closely with the theoretician Hendrik Antoon Lorentz .
Work
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes chief work area formed the liquefaction of gases and the correction terms of the pressure and the volume in the Van the Waals equation, connected with it. For this required it the knowledge that gases over as large a temperature range as possible, in particularwithin the range of the low temperatures. Since 1894 Kamerlingh Onnes had a cooling bath of liquid oxygen (90.18 K: -182,97°C) and since 1906 over liquid nitrogen (77.35 K: -195,80°C).
It finally placed 1908 as the first liquid hydrogen and liquid helium ago.
For the Van of the Waals equation Heike Kamerlingh Onnes suggested a series expansion , which should extend also to gas mixtures as well as to mixtures of gases and liquids. For this then the correction terms also the molecular attraction, those had Capillarity and the viscosity to be included. The work programme of the research group in suffering extended accordingly also by phenomena like the electrical conductivity at low temperatures and the temperature dependence of the thermal effect. one made the amazing discovery for 1911 that with onecompletely intended temperature (the transition temperature) in mercury for electric current the resistance disappears. Thus Kamerlingh Onnes had discovered the superconduction.
Around 1911 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes made the discovery that itself liquid helium (4 He-II) as thin film (so-called. Roll in film) at gefässwänden slowly upward moves. This phenomenon is called Onnes effect.
it received the Nobelpreis for physics to 1913 “for its investigations of the characteristics from subject at low temperatures, which led among other things to the production of liquid helium ".
Web on the left of
- information of the Nobelstiftung for award of the prize 1913 for Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (English)
- {{#if:
| | * Literature of and over Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in the catalog of the DDB
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| person data | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike |
| ALTERNATIVE NAME | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | of Netherlands physicists |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 21. September 1853 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Groningen |
| DYING DATE | 21. February 1926 |
| DYING PLACE | suffering |
