Helsinki
| coat of arms | map |
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| base data | |
| state: | Finland |
| Lääni: | South Finland |
| landscape: | Uusimaa |
| geographical situation: | Coordinates: 60° 10 ' N; 24° 56 ' O 60° 10 ' N; 24° 56 ' O |
| height: | 25 m and. NN |
| surface: | 686 km ² (of it country: 186 km ²) |
| inhabitants: | 559.330 (31. Dec. 2004) |
| Population density: | 2,996 inhabitants for each km ² |
| mayors: | Jussi Pajunen |
| Website: | www.hel.fi |
Helsinki (finn. [ˈhɛlsiŋki], schwed. Helsingfors [hɛlsɪŋˈfɔrs]) is thoseCapital of Finland and the Finnish landscape Uusimaa. Helsinki is at the same time the largest city of Finland. In the region Helsinki live about 1.233 million inhabitant, which constitutes well a quarter of the total population of Finland. In Helsinki have Reichstag, the government,five Universities of (University of Helsinki, college of music Sibelius academy, academy of art and two Handelshochschulen) as well as Evangelical-Lutheran, Roman-catholic, Finnish-more orthodox and an Russian-orthodox bishop their seat carrier. Helsinki has 6.2% schwedischsprachige inhabitants and is officially bilingual.
Table of contents |
Geografie
Geographical situation
been in south Finland because of the Finnish sea bosom (Baltic Sea) opposite the estnischen capital Tallinn, extends „the white city at the sea “over mainland and several islands. The city has a surface of 686 km ², about which 186 km ² country is.Helsinki is connected as center of the region Helsinki closely with the surrounding cities Espoo , Vantaa and Kauniainen as well as the adjacent municipalities.
city arrangement
characteristic of Helsinki is the large differencebetween the city center and the suburbs. The relatively closely cultivated city center of Helsinki lies on a peninsula in the Baltic Sea. In the north and the east since the second half the 20 closes. Century built suburbs on. To Helsinki belongaltogether 315 pre-aged crowds. The most important islands are the populated area Lauttasaari, Seurasaari, which accommodates an open air museum, corking ASP air, on that the zoo of Helsinki are and the fortress island Suomenlinna.
Helsinki consists those of 54 quarters,divide themselves on 7 districts:
| City center: Alppila | Arabianranta | Eira | Hakaniemi | Harju | Hermanni | Jätkäsaari | Kaartinkaupunki | Kaisaniemi | Kaivopuisto | Kallio | Kamppi | Katajanokka | Kluuvi | Koskela | Kruununhaka | Kumpula | Käpylä | Laakso | Linnunlaulu | Meilahti | Merihaka | Pasila | Punavuori | Ruoholahti | Sörnäinen | Toukola | Etu Töölö | Taka Töölö | Ullanlinna | Vallila | Vanhakaupunki |
| west Helsinki: Etelä Haaga | Haaga | Hakuninmaa | Kannelmäki | Kivihaka | Konala | Lauttasaari | Leaving | Malminkartano | Maununneva | Munkkiniemi | Pikku Huopalahti | Pitäjänmäki | Pohjois Haaga | Ruskeasuo | Tali |
| east Helsinki: Herttoniemi | Itäkeskus | Jollas | Kallahti | Kivikko | Kontula | Kulosaari | Kurkimäki | Laajasalo | Marjaniemi | Mellunmäki | Meri Rastila | Myllypuro | Puotila | Puotinharju | Rastila | Roihuvuori | Santahamina | Tammisalo | Vartioharju | Vartiokylä | Vesala | Vuosaari |
| northeast Helsinki: Ala Tikkurila | Fallkulla | Heikinlaakso | Jakomäki | Latokartano | Malmi | Pihlajamäki | Pihlajisto | Puistola | Pukinmäki | Savela | Siltamäki | Suurmetsä | Suutarila | Tapanila | Tapaninkylä | Tapaninvainio | Tapulikaupunki | Töyrynummi | Viikki |
| north Helsinki: Haltiala | Itä Pakila | Länsi Pakila | Maunula | Metsälä | Oulunkylä | Paloheinä | Pirkkola | Torpparinmäki | Tuomarinkylä | Veräjämäki |
Helsinki
forms neighbour municipalities as well as the suburbs Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen the so-called capital region (finn. Pääkaupunkiseutu, schwed. Huvudstadsregionen) alsoapproximately one million inhabitants. To the catchment area Helsinkis belongs further the region Helsinki (finn. Helsingin seutu) with the municipalities Kirkkonummi, Vihti, Nurmijärvi, Tuusula, Kerava, Sipoo, Järvenpää and Hyvinkää. In this region live altogether1,233 million humans.
Distances to other municipalities in the densely populated area Helsinki:
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history
Helsinki became 1550 on instruction of theKing of Sweden Gustav I. Wasa at the river Vantaanjoki based, in order to create a competition port to the Reval ( Tallin ), controlled by Russia. The area of the original Helsinki is called today Vanhakaupunki (“old part of town”), even if itself of the buildings at that time practically nothingreceived.
Helsinki a medievally seeming city also closely standing together timber buildings was original. Because Helsinki was unfavorably convenient however for the navigation, its meaning long time remained very limited. That did not change also, as the Swedish Governor by Brahe 1640 (other source: under the queen Christine of Sweden 1642) the city more near to the sea to shift left. In the year 1710 the plague a third of the inhabitants raffte. 1728 burned the city down to a large extent. To 4.September 1742 took place here the surrender of Sweden under lion head ; 1749 became the fortress Suomenlinna (schwed. Sveaborg) put on.
To 2. March 1808 was occupied Helsinki of Russia under general Friedrich William of Buxhoevden and one year after by oneConflagration again destroys nearly completely. The city fire destroyed nearly two thirds of the city with 70 timber buildings, in addition epidemics the total population dezimierten again and again. The city fire did not have a by any means unpleasant consequence for the city: It was completely again planned and generouslyput on. To 8. April 1812 became Helsinki capital of Finland, when after conquest by the Russians of the Zar a capital for the large principality wished itself, those more near pc. Petersburg (and thus to Russia) lay. The old capital Turku (schwed. Åbo) was subject thereby clearly.
Since 1815 the reason was put for the later extent of the city; since 1819 it was final seat of the Finnish senate and thus capital of the large principality.
since 1918 is Helsinki capitalthe independent Republic of Finland.
The bomb attacks in the winter war arranged destruction in Helsinki. After the Second World War Helsinki gained fast international significance. 1952 were the city venue of the olympic plays and 1975 became here the foundation-stone for the organizationfor security and co-operation in Europe (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Euro) put.
inhabitant development
development of the number of inhabitants (starting from 31. December 1940):
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1700 to 1925
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1940 to 1987
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1990 to 2004
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* to the comparison: Turku - 10,224
Politics
town councillor
| Partei | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 |
|---|---|---|---|
| conservative ones | 24 | 25 | 25 |
| Social Democrats | the 21 | 18 | 21 |
| Greens | 16 | 21 | 17 |
| left wing | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Swedish people's party | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| central party | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Christian democrats | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Protects Finn | - | - | 1 |
| communist | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| independent one | 0 | 1 | 0 |
composition since 1996:
As in all Finnish cities the town councillor is the highest decision maker with local affairs also in Helsinki. In addition health service count town planning, schools, andpublic traffic. The advice consisting of 85 members is selected on four years.
Traditionally the conservative coalition party places the strongest parliamentary group in the town councillor, followed from the Social Democrats. With the choice in the year 2000 it succeeded however to the Green league, thosein Helsinki is Finland far strongest to take the second place. At present 75% of the seats fall on these three parties.
The left wing and the Swedish people's party have both 7 8% of the seats. Although one of the three largest parties of theCountry, the Finnish central party has as in most other large cities only a small meaning.
partnerships between cities
German twin city of Helsinki is Berlin.
culture and objects of interest
thatHelsinki mental, scientific and cultural center of Finland is, recognizes one not least by the multiplicity of libraries and museums, which there are here. In Helsinki there are approximately 80 museums, scarcely 60 lending places of the municipal library, three symphony orchestras, the Finnish one National opera with ballet, the national theatre, the Swedish theatre and further theatre ensembles. At the end of August, Anfang Septembers is Helsingfors scene of the Helsingfors Biennale. Concerts, exhibitions, opera and ballet of international rank are then organized. In the five-yearly cycle finds in honours of Jean Sibelius the international Violinwettbewerb instead of.
Helsinki is considered as center of the classicism. An example for this is the central senate place (Senaatintori) with between 1830 and 1852 in the Empirestil built the cathedral, the old senate building and the university,all works of the architect Carl Ludwig angel, itself the pc. Petersburg to the model took.
One finds here in addition, more modern architecture, so to z. B. the main station Helsinki, the Finnish Reichstag, the concert hall Finlandia held in art nouveau orinto rock the blown up modern Temppeliaukio church. The olympia stadium is one of the functionalistic buildings of the city. The Uspenski cathedral is likewise worth seeing. It is the largest orthodox cathedral of Northern Europe. For the music-historically interested ones the inspection of the Sibelius monument is worthwhile itself, which was established in honours of the composer Jean Sibelius out over 600 steel tubes. A popular meeting place of the population is the south port with the market place Kauppatori. There also one of the most well-known statues of the city, Havis Amanda stands.
Seurasaari as main attraction Helsinkis however its landschaftliche situation at the crowd coast with many pre-aged islands. On one of the islands, corking ASP air, the zoo of the city lies.
On several the city pre-aged islands are thoseFortifications Suomenlinna from that 18. Century, which are world cultural heritage of the UNESCO.
See also: Helsinki Slang
economics and infrastructure
Helsinki is industrial site for the machine, textile, tobacco, porcelain and sugar industry. The port exports Finnish products into all world, in additionit is anchorage for many Fischer, which sell the caught Baltic Sea herrings („Silakka “) to each morning at the dock directly from the ship.
traffic
the port of Helsinki is an important driving port for the freight and passenger traffic (line connections and. A. after pc. Petersburg, Stockholm and Tallinn). Besides the airline Copterline operates also a helicopter connection of the port Helsinkis in the close Tallinn. The flying time amounts toapprox. 25 minutes.
In Vantaa is the international airport Helsinki Vantaa. In Helsinki gives it an airport for general aviation (airport Helsinki Malmi). In addition Helsinki is main junction of the Finnish Eisenbahnverkehrs (Finnish state railway) and hasthe largest bus station of the country (underground in 2005 the opened coming pin keskus).
The urban local passenger traffic is accomplished beside the underground Helsinki with the streetcar Helsinki and penalties. In the regional traffic Helsinki exists an efficient network of regional penalties beside the rapid-transit railway.
Helsinkinorthern terminator point of the E67 is „via Baltica “.
education
Helsinki has nine universities and universities. The university Helsinki and (today in Espoo resident) technical the University of Helsinki have the greatest importance.
The further universities are:
- Academy of the beautiful arts Helsingfors
- Helsingfors restaurant economics
- university for art and Design Helsinki
- Sibelius academy
- Swedish school for economics and business administration
- theatre academy Finland
- university of the Finnish army
of sons and daughters of the city
- Adolf Eric north ski old (1832-1901), polar researchers
- Kaarle Krohn (1863-1933), Folklorist
- Oskar Merikanto ((1868-1924), composer
- Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (1870-1946), mathematician
- Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (1895-1973), biochemist and chemistry Nobelpreisträger
- Ragnar granite (1900-1991), neuro physiologist and Nobelpreisträger
- George Malmstén (1902-1981), singer, musician, composer, orchestra leader and actor
- Lars Valerian Ahlfors (1907-1996), mathematicians
- Mika rolling air (1908-1979), writer
- Einojuhani Rautavaara (* 1928), composer
- differently Cleve (1937-1985), writer
- Tove Skutnabb Kangas (* 1940), linguist and Pädagogin
- Tarja halos (* 1943), Finnish state State of
- Heikki Westerinen (* 1944), chess player
- Matti Pellonpää (1951-1995), actors
- Magnus Lindberg (* 1958), composer
- Esa Pekka Salonen (* 1958), conductor and composer
- Kati Outinen (* 1961), actress
- Outi Mäenpää (* 1962), actress
- Mika Salo (* 1966), author driver
- Linus Torvalds (* 1969), founders of the free software project Linux
- Ville Hermanni Valo (* 1976), rock musician, front man that volumeHIM
- Lauri Johannes Ylönen (*1979), rock musician, front man the volumes The racing mash
Web on the left of
- Website of the city (multilingual)
- information to the city (German)
| Commons: Helsinki - pictures, videos and/or audio files |
| Wiktionary: Helsinki - word origin, synonyms and translations |
