J

J and/or. j (spelled Iodine) is tenth of the and . The letter J has an average frequency of 0,27% in German texts. It is thereby that 23.most frequent letter in German texts.

Above all serifless Writings sometimes a large becomes J in place of a large I used. The reason for it is that with such letters the large I and small L are often with difficulty distinguishable.

Origin

For a long time the I was not differentiated from the J.

In phoenizischen alphabet became the indication Yodh for the rendition of the half vowel [ j ] uses, both and more palataler Approximant as can be described also as unsilbisches [ i ].

As the Greeks from phoenizischen that , took over they developed the indication Iota for the posting of the vowel [ i ].

The Etrusker took over the Greek indication, used it however not only for the posting of the vowel [ i ], but also for the posting of the identical half vowel [ j ], exactly the same as it the indication both for the vowel [ u ] and for the identical half vowel [ w ] used). The Romans took over the etruskische use invariably.

In late ancient times a be correctful Affrikate from the half vowel [ j ] [ D? ] developed. Out this developed itself the different sounds of the modern . Thus latin corresponds [ j ] (z.B. in justus ' correctly ') in modern one [ D? ] (giusto [?d?usto ]), in modern mostly [ x ] (justo [?xusto ]) and in the modern one [? ] (juste [?yst ]).

Although these substantial sound differences had been already formed in the early Middle Ages completely, one still wrote both sounds with the same indication, which could look times like a J into the early modern times (as Majuskel), times like a I (as Minuskel). The consistent distinction of the letters J and I is first in of the French philosopher Pierre de la Ramée suggested its.

With the Verschriftung that toward end of the first millenium n. Chr. the letter I was doubly used: On the one hand as vowel letter for the Widergabe of [ i ], on the other hand than consonant letter for the rendition of the identical half vowel [ j ]. One took over thus original latin double use, although the I in its use called another sound vowel letter in the Roman languages at that time meanwhile, i.e. [ D? ].

Because the half vowel [ j ] remained existing in the German language, the need of a distinction of the consonant letter J of the vowel letter I was less urgent than in other languages. This distinction was only transferred therefore to the German writing, when it had been already established in other languages. Until today there are still older writers, whom in place of the capital letter I at the word beginning a J in certain areas uses (z.B. Jda, Jtalien). In Austria "J" "is jott" not as, separates as "jeh" expressed.

Meanings

• in that
  • j is one with that Quaternions

• in that /
  • j is those i, above all to avoid (in order confounding with the river i), <math>j^2=-1</math>

• in that
  • is j</math> <math>\vec; the symbol for those Current density
  • is j</math> <math>\vec; that Unit vector in y-direction in the three-dimensional Euclidean area
  • j is the total angular momentum quantum number one in one
  • J is the total angular momentum quantum number that Electron sheath
  • J is the mechanical angular momentum quantum number one
  • is J the symbol for those Ion dose and those Ion dose density

• in SI system of units
  • J is the unit symbol of the energy and stands for

• in that
  • became in former times became that also J shortened. The today common way of writing is Iodine and/or. I

• J. stands for
  • or
  • Class
  • Yes.

• in that Numismatik the identification letter J stands
  • for on German coins from 1873 to today, and on coins for German East Africa.

• as J stands
  • in for Jena
  • in Spain for Jaén
  • international characteristics for

• Billeter J a measure is for the comparative description of demographic aging

• J is Sailing boatClass

• in the earlier GDR with broadcasting stations the main antenna with J was always designated. Existence this from two masts, then gave it a J1 and a J2-Mast. Examples: J1-Mast Wachenbrunn, J1-Mast Wiederau

See also: Abbreviation,