Jena
| This article treats the city Jena; for the program library of the company HEWLETT PACKARD, see Jena (computer science). |
| Coat of arms | Map |
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| Base data | |
| Land of the Federal Republic: | Thuringia |
| District: | Circle-free city |
| Surface: | 114,29 km² |
| Inhabitant: | 102.251 (31. March 2005) |
| Population density: | 895 inhabitants ever km² |
| Height: | 155 m ue. NN |
| Postal zip codes: | 07701-07751 (old: 69xx) |
| Preselection: | 03641 |
| Geographical situation: | Coordinate: 50° 56' N, 11° 35' O50° 56' N, 11° 35' O |
| Kfz characteristic: | J |
| Municipality key: | 16 0 53 000 |
| City arrangement: | 41 urban districts and/or. 23 Localities |
| Official Website: | www.Jena.de |
| E-Mail address: | |
| Politics | |
| Mayor: | Dr. habil. Peter Roehlinger (FDP) |
Jena is a German University town in the middle in Thuringia at the river Saale lain. It is after Erfurt and Gera the third biggest city as well as one of the three Upper centers the Free State Thuringia and has the status of one circle-free city. After different incorporations Jena became 1975 Large city.
Table of contents |
Geografie
Jena lies in the middle Hall valley between partly of mixed woodlands covered shelly limestone and sandstone slopes. On them numerous z come. T. rare Orchideenarten forwards. The largest expansion amounts to from north to south 14.7 km and from east to west 12.2 km. The following larger cities lie in the proximity of Jena: Gera, approx.. 35 km east, Erfurt, approx.. 40 km west, Weimar, approx.. 15 km west, Naumburg (Saale), approx.. 33 km northeast, Resounds (Saale), approx.. 70 km northeast, Leipzig, approx.. 75 km northeast and Chemnitz, approx.. 94 km east, Rudolstadt, approx.. 30 km south.
Neighbour municipalities
The following Municipalities border on the city Jena. They become in Clockwise direction beginning specified in the north:
- in Saale Holzland circle: Lehesten (with Altengoenna), Neuengoenna (with Porstendorf), Golmsdorf (with Beutnitz), Jenaloebnitz and Grossloebichau (all Central administrative body Dornburg Camburg), Rabis, Fraitsch and Groeben (belong to Schloeben, fulfilling municipality is Bath Klosterlausnitz), Laasdorf, Zoellnitz, Rutha Sulza, Rothenstein, Duerrengleina and Zimmritz (belong to Milda), Bucha (with Poesen, Ossmaritz, Nominal village, Coppanz - all Central administrative body southern hall valley)
- in District Weimar country: Doebrit, Grossschwabhausen and Hohlstedt (all Central administrative body Mellingen) and Hall plate (with Grossromstedt, Kleinromstedt and Hermstedt)
City arrangement
The city of Jena is divided into altogether 41 statistic districts. The administration of the city Jena is in the town center and 23 Localities into the sense of § 45 the Thueringer local order divides. These localities became by those Main statute the city Jena furnished. It concerns usually spatially separated areas and/or. Villages, the formerly independent municipalities were. For each locality there is from the people on the occasion of a citizen assembly a selected Locality advice. Chairman is selected the likewise by the people Local mayor.
The statistic districts of the city Jena with their official numbers:
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The 24 localities of the city Jena:
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History
Jena became for the first time 1182 mentions documentary. Long time an accepted connection with one already in the Hersfelder tenth listing from that 9. Century settlement mentioned Jani by a set of historians in doubts one pulls. Another theory means, that itself the denomination from that 9. Century on the today's Few Jena refers, there there extensive settlement finds from that 8. and. 9. Century within the range that Schillerkirche were discovered.
Over 1230 Jena received from the gentlemen from Lobdeburg those Municipal rights. With attenuation of the Lobdeburger stepped the counts of Black castle and Wettiner in feature. To 1331 arrived the Wettiner into the full possession of the city and 1332 gave they to Jena the gothaische municipal law. Since 1423 belonged Jena to Cure principality Saxonia, since the Wettiner after becoming extinct the Askanier received. Also with that Leipziger division Jena remained in the ernestinischen cure principality Saxonia. By the defeat in Schmalkaldi war, lost those Ernestiner those. Jena belonged from now on to the duchy Saxonia. Consequently became as replacement for the missing University of Wittenberg in the year 1548 the high school in Jena based, from that 1558 the today's Friedrich Schiller university Jena comes out. For short time (1672-1692) Jena became capital of an independent principality Saxonia Jena. After the death of the duke of Saxonia Jena (1692) the city came to the ernestinische line Saxonia iron oh and 1741 to the duchy Saxonia Weimar, in 19. Century to the Grand Duchy one raised (Grand Duchy of Saxonia).
To 14. October 1806 fought Napoléon victoriously the Prussian and Saxonian armies in that Double battle with Jena and Auerstedt. With the combination of the Thuringian states 1920 became Jena part of the country Thuringia. Here the city became 1922 circle-free. At the same time that developed District Jena, with the circle reform to 1. July 1994 Part of the Saale Holzland circle became. During that GDRTime belonged the city to District Gera.
Incorporations
The following Municipalities and Gemarkungen to Jena were eingemeindet. In the year 1900 the area conditions of the city amounted to 1,323.2 hectars. Since the last incorporations of 1994 the city covers 11,421.6 hectars.
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¹ Ausgemeindungen (the places were later however again integrated)
The last incorporations 1994 took place due to § 23 of the reorganisation law in Thuringia. With the places integrated at that time it only partly concerns independent municipalities. All integrated places (except eating first EDT) had taken up before already in or several neighbour municipalities, Cospeda the municipalities Luetzeroda and CLOSE joke, Drackendorf the municipality Ilmnitz, Crib village the municipality fourteen-holy, Kunitz the municipality Laasan, Muenchenroda the municipality Remderoda, Maua the municipality Leutra and Jenapriessnitz the municipality Wogau.
Wuestungen
Beside the today still existing local parts there was a multiplicity of places on the today's city of Jena, those today any longer do not exist, so-called Wuestungen. 1. Proschitz 2. Krolip 3. Koet 4. Already village 5. Ziskau 6. Roedel 7. Schichmannsdorf 8. Krotendorf 9. Schetzelsdorf 10. Nollendorf 11. Hodelsdorf/on the sand 12. Doubt brook 13. Leutra 14. Nobis 15. Wuestenwinzerla 16. Duerrengleina 17. Niederleutra 18. Deer village 19. Selzdorf 20. Cloechwitz 21. Buesitz 22. Schlendorf 23. Benndorf 24. Wenigenkunitz 25. Gaberwitz 26. Cold-live
Inhabitant development
An overview with the numbers of inhabitants follows after the respective area conditions. To 1870 it concerns usually estimations, afterwards around Volkszaehlungsergebnisse¹ or official Fortschreibungen² of the respective statistic offices and/or the city administration.
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¹ census result, ² official updating
Religions
Before that Christianisierung the area around Jena lived here in the 3.-6. Jh. the Thueringer, which merged from several trunks into a master federation. By the various contacts with Rome and that Ostgotenreich it came promptly to influence of the Christianity, at least on the aristocracy sexes. Became priority that arianische Faith followed. In some areas even still older cults leave themselves, from that Roman realm were taken over, prove (Diana cult etc..). The Thueringer originally hung on the nordischen Gods. This faith was to in 8. Jh. prevailing for the area, in the late Jena developed. In addition 7 came into. Jh. the slawischen immigrants, those their divinities along-brought and temples established. Only with the mission of the Bonifacius gradually the Christianity was inserted in the area. First Pfarreien is western of Jena in the area Erfurt/Arnstadt in 8. Jh. demonstrably. A strengthening of the Roman-catholic faith found however only in 10. Jh. instead of.
The population of the area around Jena belonged originally in particularly for it the created Diocese Erfurt. This did not have however long existence. Thus the area came to the diocese Diocese Mainz. It older church structures in the area gave before, was it shown in it, that the old "Urpfarreien"beyond the again created diocese borders further maintained a set of Pfarrrechten (z.B. Lobeda, Few Jena etc..). The city was direct that Dekanat UpperWeimar within of the Archidiakonat Beatae Mariae virginis in Erfurt assigned. Starting from 1909 the eingemeindete area on the right of the Saale belonged to Diocese Naumburg, although in the Middle Ages Jena possessed also the Pfarrrechte in few Jena and Camsdorf. 1252 are mentioned for the first time a clergyman in Jena. 1523 the first reformatorische lecture in Jena was held. It came to heavy arguments between the individual directions of the reformatorischen movement (Lutheraner, Flacianer etc..), consequently those Reformation fast foot seized and Jena to a center that the new world view became.
Over long time Jena was an predominantly Protestant city. Prevailing was that lutherische Confession, particularly Martin Luther several times personally in Jena stayed. In place of the Pope the national gentleman had the guidance of the so-called "ev. luth. Regional church "taken over. Thus the church divided the fate of the respective national gentlemen into Jena. The "Evangelist Evangelisch-Lutheri church of the Grand Duchy of Saxonia", to the Jena since that 18. Century belonged (at that time still duchy Saxonia Weimar), closed after 1920 with the other regional churches of Thuringia to the "Thueringer Evangelist church" together. 1948 it called itself in Evangelist Evangelisch-Lutheri church in Thuringia over. Jena is seat of one Superintendentur the regional church within the supervision district east, its office for circle church in Gera is. The Evangelical-Lutheran Pfarraemter Jena existing today belongs thus all to Superintendentur Jena.
At the latest since that 19. Century also again citizens pulled also catholic confession in the city. The small municipality received at that time the ruin of the church "St. Johannes Baptist ", a church very old in the foundation walls, in up to the reformation beside the resounding church the St. Michael, Official acts (above all funerals) were made, which purged then however. The small catholic municipality was however already dissolved 1813 again and the catholics by Weimar out was cared for. Only 1905 the Pfarrei was again established. The church ruin was removed to the today's parish church, whereby a longitudinal ship direction the west was built at that time and the altar into a new Apsis in the west was shifted. 2 was by driving out and pursuit after that. World war more than 14,000 catholics in Jena. The parish church had capacity at the time at that time sowenig, that despite eight Sundays services and branch offices in the surrounding villages all catholics could not come to the Sundays service. Therefore one built 1957-1959 that Altar again from that Apsis in the west out and placed it into the input area at that time in the east. But one drew into the former Apsis a loft. The Apsis is to be recognized today still by its beautifully arranged choir windows. Off 1821 belonged the Pfarrgemeinde, like most parts of the later country Thuringia, to the area of the Diocese Paderborn.
After that Prussian concordat of 1929 took place a re-organization of the areas of the catholic dioceses. The municipality in Jena came to Diocese Fulda. After that The Second World War became it for the bishop from Fulda ever more heavily its office business in the East part of its diocese to notice. Therefore the administration of the municipality in Jena was done via one Generalvikar with seat in Erfurt, that 1953 to the bishop and 1968 the Bischoeflichen commissioner was appointed. With that 1973 took place mechanism of the Bischoeflichen of office Erfurt Meiningen and the collection of 1994 to Diocese Erfurt the Erfurter bishop was finally responsible for Jena. The Pfarrgemeinde in Jena belongs thus today to the Dekanat Weimar within the diocese Erfurt. There some late eingemeindete eastern local parts the area of the Diocese Dresden Meissen belong to, the minister of the Jenaer municipality is additional Kaplan of the neighbouring Stadtrodaer municipality, in order to be able to care for also officially the catholics seelsorgerisch, behind the diocese border live. The Pfarrei cared for also catholic outside of Jena and is with approx.. 5000 members one the largest Pfarreien in Diocese Erfurt.
Beyond that there are also still municipalities, to that Free churches belong, among them the Evangelist-freechurch municipality (Baptisten), the Evangelist Evangelisch-Methodisti municipality (Methodist), the Adventgemeinde, the independent Evangelist Evangelisch-Lutheri church (SELK) and the Christian municipality Lobeda. Beside the Christian churches it in addition, still another small gives Jewish municipality. It has approx.. 150 members and in the last years from the influx of Jewish humans from Russia resulted. The municipality was not recognized yet as independent and therefore of the Erfurter municipality is cared for. The municipality has a small community center, but none Synagog.
Politics
The administration of the city Jena was incumbent on first the officials of the Lobdeburgi rule. But soon also an advice at the point of the city stood, off 1317 by two advice masters one led. Since that 14. Century the advice was three-divided. 1540 the cure prince of Saxonia introduced a new city order. It delivered several mayors nevertheless 1604 only a mayor at the point of the city. Off 1892 that carries the title for city upper skin Mayor. The advice was selected by the population. Off 1933 the mayor was inserted by the party and after that The Second World War the Soviet zone of occupation educated the "advice of the city" with a mayor. The advice became from the people selected. After the reunification of Germany that became now as Town councillor designated committee again freely selected. Chairman of this committee is a "town councillor chairman". The committee selected at the beginning of also the mayor. Since 2000 the mayor is selected directly by the people.
Mayor since 1922
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Chairman of the town councillor
- 1990-1999: Dr. Rainer Oloff
- 1999-2004: Prof. Dr. Gustav Adolf Biewald (CDU)
- since 2004: Dr. Gudrun Lukin (Party of Democratic Socialism)
Allocation of seats in the town councillor
| Party of Democratic Socialism | CDU | SPD | The GREEN | Citizen for Jena | FDP | Entirely |
| 11 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 46 |
Coat of arms
That Coat of arms the city Jena shows a silver-blue dressed angel with long golden hair as well as golden in silver Nimbus, Harnisch, Helmet and wing; pushing with that rights a green kite a lance in the throats, in that linking golden sign with put up black lion holding; the left foot stands on the kite. Under the kite a small silver sign with blue weintraube. The city flag is lengthwise in the colors blue yellowish white, occupied with the stadtwappen.
The coat of arms figure places that Ore gel Michael . The weintraube symbolizes the once flowering Viticulture in Jena. The lion was taken up as coat of arms figure of the Mr. von Meissen, as the city to the land counts from Thuringia turned into. The coat of arms figures were taken over from the historical seal of the city, that is already very old. In its current form the coat of arms was specified last by the main statute of the city in the year 1999.
Partnerships between cities
Jena maintains one with the following cities Partnership between cities:
Lugoj, Romania - since 1983, renew 1993
- Attain, Bavaria - since 1987
San Marcos (Nicaragua), Nicaragua - since 1996
- Aubervilliers, France - since 1999
Economics and infrastructure
Traffic
By the southern city those leads in west east direction Federal motorway 4 Erfurt Dresden. The city has connection points in Schorba, Jena Goeschwitz and Jena Lobeda. Furthermore those lead Federal highway 7 and those Federal highway 88 by Jena.
The city is also a course junction. Here cross the main line a Munich Nuernberg resoundingLeipzig Berlin and those Center Germany in the middle of Weimar Glauchau (Wood land course, in former times Weimar Gera course). Jena has two stations and four critical points. All courses in east west direction drive new ones over the critical point "give" at the southeast edge of the city, that Station Goeschwitz and the station Jena west (in former times Weimar Gera station, then west station). The connections in north south direction (hall course) run over the critical point Jena Zwaetzen, the hall station (in former times the main station of Jena), JenaParadies (ICE critical point) and Goeschwitz. The two lines meet far outside of the city centre at the station Goeschwitz (which in and the eighties seventies as main station was planned). To 12. June 2005 became the newly built modern ICECritical point JenaParadies opens, the one provisional wood platform plant operated up to then replaces.
The public local passenger traffic (OEPNV) serve Streetcar- and buslinien of the Jenaer suburban traffic company ltd. (JeNah). For the streetcar net there are also two night lines, those operate once per hour. Some localities can only with the supraregional local passenger traffic that JES public transport company ltd. are reached.
Due to several barrage weirs is those Saale with Jena today no longer navigable.
Economic situation
Jena belongs to the three A commuter cities Thuringia. That is called it oscillates for working more employees to Jena than away from Jena. Besides Jena beside Erfurt becomes and Ilmenau one of the three industrial sites of Thuringia calls. The economic strength points itself also to the unemployment ratio, where Jena with 12,5% (November 2005) the far under state average of 15,4% (November 2005) and under the Ostdurchschhnitt of 17,0% (November 2005). Jena lies nevertheless over the Federal average of 11,0% (November 2005).
Resident enterprise
In Jena those has wood and paper trade long tradition. Today there is however only a paper factory in Porstendorf.
Since that 19. Century became resident in Jena the glass and optics industry. By inventions those that Microscope revolutionized and the Entwickung of the Planetariums the residents enterprises are today world-wide well-known. After that 2. World war the enterprises became Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH and BULKHEAD JENAer GLASS of GmbH through and abgeworbene scientists and employee in West Germany emigrierte again based. Until July 1945 was dismantled a majority of the machines and shifted together with large parts know-how into the American zone of occupation. Afterwards something similar with the remaining remainder took place under Russian occupation. Since the Carl Zeiss donation possessed validity however alone in Jena, the enterprise was again organized gradually in Jena. From this later that developed Collective combine Carl Zeiss Jena. The bulkhead works were likewise converted into a collective combine. Additionally a pharmaceutical branch in form developed for that in the GDR time in Jena JenaPharm.
After the turn the large collective combine became Carl Zeiss, which had nearly all optical enterprises within the GDR and still more, smashed. The lucrative core ranges in Jena were sold to the Zeiss upper cooking standing briefly before the insolvency from the trust establishment far under value. Since this resulted in nevertheless large problems, became again certain core ranges abgespalten and a new company Jenoptik AG based. The remaining ranges remain at Carl Zeiss Jena.
With that Intershop Communications AG a company relative to large for Jena developed the development of software. Today are here among other things also companies, like those Jena Optronik GmbH, in the range of the optics specialized.
The company Jenapharm could not maintain ground in the competition and became from that Schering AG bought up. A whole number of pharmaceutical institutes in their surrounding field in Jena settled.
Media
In Jena there are restaurant editorships that Daily papers Ostthueringer newspaper (OTZ, come out from the central executive body of the SED in the district Gera "is awake") and the present-weaker Thuringian national newspaper (TLZ). Both belong to that Group of newspapers Thuringia (WAZCompany) on. The open channel Jena, a radiosender, sends since 1998 on 103.4 MHz (UKW) and in the cable on 107.90 MHz. Further there is a TV transmitter JenaTV, since 1998 the moving picture messages in and from Jena into the local cable system feeds. The moreover one appear at that Friedrich Schiller university Jena, that FH Jena and at some High Schools the student newspapers Akruetzel, The root and Unique.
Public mechanisms
In Jena is an agency of the German patent and mark office, its head office in Munich is. Furthermore the following institutes reside in Jena:
Education and research
In the Saalestadt have themselves in neighbourhood to the steeped in tradition Friedrich Schiller university and that 1991 created Professional school Jena numerous institutes and small BiotechnologyEnterprise settled, the basic research operate or medical instruments develop. Jena is the only city in the Free State Thuringia with one Full university and a professional school those together over 20.000 students try in different Fachbereichten their conclusion to reach.
further research establishments::
- Hans Knoell Hans-Knoell-Institut for natural substance research e. V. (HKI)
- Leibniz Leibniz-Institut for age research - Fritz Lipmann Fritz-Lipmann-Institut (FLI, in former times IMB)
- Max-Planck-Institut for bio geochemistry
- Max-Planck-Institut for chemical ecology
- Max-Planck-Institut for the research of economic systems
- Fraunhofer-Institut for applied optics and precision mechanics (IOF)
- Institut for physical high technology (IPHT)
Special schools
Public education and Reformpaedagogik has in Jena long Tratition. In the middle of of the 19. Century the paedagogue worked Karl Volkmar Stoy here. In the summer 1853 it is with an entire school by the landscape pulled and has so that Moving day invented. The school created by it 1844 was one first with cultivated gymnasium. Today carries an occupation school center its names. At the beginning of of the 20 Century based Hermann Pistor a technical school for Ophthalmic optics and the paedagogue Peter Petersen developed that Jena planModel at the university in the city.
Exist a free one Rudolf Steiner School in the south and one European school in the quarter alto Lobeda. The integrated one Comprehensive school "Grete impure" developed 1991 as a special model with the transformation with "Erich WeinertSchool "to the Leutra to the primary school. In Jena are that Special High School "Carl Zeiss", with emphasis on mathematics and natural sciences, and "Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths High School" within the range sport. Under nationalchurch Working group that stands Christian High School Jena. A new building, former barracks that The Red Army in the north of the city, one reconditioned and one inaugurated in January 2001.
Law
- That Higher regional court Jena became 1877 of that Thuringian states (without Blackcastle-speciallive) as only common institution based. It replaced the upper court of appeal, which those Ernestini duchies already 1816 had furnished. After the reorganisation of the courts in the GDR it became 1952 dissolved. The reestablishment took place 1993.
- Thueringer Chief public prosecutor's office
- District court
Leisure and sports sites
- Seriousness Abbe athletic ground (capacity: 14,000 spectators) - play place of the FC Carl Zeiss Jena (Regional league north)
- Sport resounding complex praise since west (capacity: 1,000 spectators) - play place of natural gas baskets Jena (Basketball, 2. Federal league relay south)
- Leisure time swimming pool Galaxsea - fun bath, Sport bath, Sauna
Culture and objects of interest
Theatre
- Theatre house Jena
- Culture arena
- Community center Jena
- Short and small art stage Jena (kabarett)
Philharmonic Concert Hall
"Jenaer Philharmonic Concert Hall"became 1934 as a concert orchestra based and 1969 on their current size extend. To it also three choirs belong: Philharmoni choir (based 1970), Boy choir (1976) and Madrigalkreis (1968).
Museums
In the city museum Goehre gives it beside a museum to the urban history also to itinerant exhibitions. That Bulkhead glass museum views of production and use of glass offers. In Optical museum one finds an exhibition for history and the function mode of optical devices, how Eyeglasses or Microscopes. One finds biological exhibitions in Phyleti museum and in Botani garden. Literary exhibitions are in Romantic house to find and in the Goethe memorial place. It gives in the municipality Cospeda a memorial place to Battle with Jena and Auerstaedt.
Wanderaustellungen are not only in that Goehre, to find but also in the bulkhead mansion or the princess lock.
Monuments
In Jena there are several Holocaustdenkmaeler. Unteranderem hang on that B 7 several gedenktafeln for the prisoners of the Concentration camp beech forest, here on their Death march to the end of the the Second World War went past. On the west station a gedenktafel hangs, there from here those Jew, Roma and Sinti into the courses for the concentration camps were shipped. A monument stands at B 7 between the Johanniskirche and the peace church. On the stone the saying stands "death to the memory, the murderers to the dishonor, the living persons for reminder ".
To the most important war monuments a soldier monument on the north cemetery belongs, as well as the monument on the peace mountain.
"seven miracles" of Jena
In Jena there are seven so-called miracles, for those the city in the Middle Ages over the borders was already applied away. Today are present no more all of these former miracles, and/or. were replaced.
One of the seven miracles is the tunnel under the altar (Ara) that Town church, which was in former times only entrance to the former monastery.
That Snatching Hans (Caput= the head) at the city hall is the second miracle. It snatches each full hour at a golden ball at a staff, some Pilger holds. A legend means, that the world would go down, if it can snatch it. The original snatching Hans is to be seen today in the city museum. At the city hall today a new snatching Hans snatches.
A kite statue (Draco) from that 16. Century with seven heads, four legs, two arms and four tails, is the third miracle. About the reason of the emergence today nothing more can be said.
The most salient mountain (Mons) Jena, that Jenzig (a shelly limestone mountain) is the fourth miracle.
As the fifth miracle the old is considered Camsdorfer bridge (Pons), one Stone elbow bridge, which at the beginning 20. Century of a new bridge yield had. On it was also a chapel. The newly built bridge became 1945 victims of the breakup by German troops. The breakup was actually senseless, since the Americans the Saale in another place already crossed. In the GDR time the bridge was again developed with the help of the Russian Besatzer, therefore also for the names "bridge of the GermanSoviet friendship carried. It was the first building of Jena, which after the war was again-built. The new Camsdorfer bridge had to be reorganized 2005.
The sixth miracle is older Donjon, to the castle the Kirchberg (not the Koenigspfalz Kirchberg, which lay western of it) belonged, on the house mountain. Its current name is Fox tower (Vulpecula Turris). Over it there are several legends. One means, that here the soil under the feet of a giant opened itself and devoured it. only its small finger still exceeds. Further legends climb around coming off its current name.
The sieved and last miracle of the city Jena is that not existing today any longer Weigel house (Weigeliana Domus). It stood with the town church and for the widening of the road was torn off. Its fame it owes to the mathematics professor Erhard Weigel from that 17. Century. It inserted among other things a wine line and an elevator here.
Archives
- City archives
- Enterprise archives BULKHEAD JENAer GLASS of GmbH
- Enterprise archives Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH
- Archives of the Friedrich Schiller university Jena
Buildings
JenTower in Jena Stadtmauer between Johannisturm and powder tower in Jena.  Market place Jena Anatomy tower Jena |
The most salient building in Jena and landmark is that JenTower (in the vernacular University tower), the highest office building in the new Lands of the Federal Republic. Besides there are still the old, no more in enterprise standing TV tower on the land count, and the tower remnants of the old stadtmauer. In addition belong the 1995 with repair works red tower at the southeast end, collapsed, the anatomy tower, in that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe researched and with C.J. Blaze that Zwischenkieferknochen discovered, at the southwest end and the Johannistor at the western end of the old town centre. From the Johannistor a short piece of wall runs, on that sucked. House on the wall stands, up to the former powder tower in the northwest of the town centre.
Within the town centre one finds the Collegium Jenense, an old university building, in a former monastery one furnished. At the historical market place is beside the historical City hall with that Snatching Hans also those Goehre, in that the city museum is. On the market place stands a monument of Johann Friedrich I., the "Grossmuetigen", the founder that Jenaer university. In Jena it "Hanfried" is also called. Because of the northeast end that is to university main building. It was built 1905-1908. In its place up to then the old Jenaer city lock stood, that for it was particularly torn off. Of the lock today only the old lock well in the inner court reminds.
One leaves the town centre in northern direction, thus one comes to again the built Thmore ueringer Universitaets and Landesbibliothek (briefly ThULB). The building contains nearly all libraries of the Friedrich Schiller university, as well as a large restoration and digitization workshop. Left beside the ThULB, in northern direction, the Botani garden is and directly behind it to 18. July 1926 opened ZeissPlanetarium. It is the oldest received Planetariumsgebaeude. To the planetarium that comes Griesbach Summer-house, also Prinzessinnenschloes called, with a large garden plant.
One leaves the town centre in western direction, thus one meets one of the first German multistoried buildings, which at the seriousness Abbe place is. Besides is the shopping centre Goethe gallery, which on a former factory site of the Carl Zeiss of collective combine was built. On one of the buildings between seriousness Abbe place and the gallery one finds a small dome, where the first performances of the planetariums were accomplished.
Crosses one the Goethe gallery of far direction the west, thus one arrives at a place, to the gallery, that Community center, as well as the old hospital area Brook route borders. At the place a monument is in form of a temple for Ernst Abbe built. The community center does not only contain today halls for various meetings and performances and the sample areas of the Jenaer Philharmonic Concert Halls, but also a majority of the Jenaer municipal library, the seriousness Abbe library.
One leaves the town centre from the anatomy tower in southern direction, thus one comes to the Schillerhaus with garden and the theatre, from that today only the stage area stands. In Schillergaes is those People observatory Urania Jena. Here regularly public sky observations and astronomical lectures are offered.
One goes from the town centre in eastern direction and crosses the Saale over the new Camsdorfer bridge, thus one comes to becoming green the fir, the establishment place the Jenai Burschenschaft, those today as those Urburschenschaft one designates. The hotel is today in the possession that Burschenschaft Arminia on the castle cellar.
Bridges
Jena is divided by the Saale, which made several bridges necessary. The old Camsdorfer bridge, which belongs to the seven city miracles, starting from July 1912 one cleared away and one replaced until November 1913 by a broader, in order to become fair that more strongly becoming traffic. The Camsdorfer bridge blown up in the Second World War by the armed forces was again developed 1946 with the help of the Soviet army and had to be reorganized due to serious damage in the year 2005 completely.
Long time was the Camsdorfer bridge the only transition in the Jenaer city, passable in the heavy transport.
Further bridges became only in the outgoing 19. Century built. Like that there was the contactor bridge (since 1882) and the meadow bar, those above all meaning for the pedestrian traffic had. This had particularly with to move building activity in Obercamsdorf and few Jena do. 1927/1928 were replaced the contactor bridge by the some meters upstream again built Paradiesbruecke. The meadow bar got somewhat upstream the convenient Griesbruecke as replacement. Between the south quarter and the Oberaue is a footbridge. To incorporation of different surrounding villages the bridge between Zwaetzen and Kunitz came, as well as the Burgauer bridge and the Mauaer bridge in addition. In the eighties between new praise since west and Goeschwitz a further bridge was established. Only in the nineties the evasion was then placed from few Jena finished, the Jena east with the city center by the meadow bridge, (Jenzigweg/Loebstedter road) connects.
The bridge in Burgau became, like the remaining Jenaer bridges also, 1945 blown up. It is today, after their reconstruction, for motor vehicles closed and corresponds to the medieval model in its figurative and constructional feature. The motor traffic is led over a new building bridge from the nineties. For the streetcar into the Oberaue a separate bridge one established. Only in Burgau and to the Paradiesbruecke existing bridges were used from the forties.
Castles and attachment plants
From the former castles of Jena today only ruins or small parts are present. The southernmost castle is the upper Lobdeburg. The lower Lobdeburg is directly in Lobeda. A further castle of the Lobdeburger was in the local situation of Burgau. On the Johannisberg (between Lobeda and Woellnitz) are directly several attachment plants. The youngest of the barrier plants originates from the time 7.-9. Jh. East the town centre are equal 4 former attachment plants. The fox tower is remaining remained tower from that of the 12. Century due castle plant Kirchberg. From west to east one finds the remainders of the castles grab mountain, Koenigspfalz Kirchberg (10. Century), Castle Kirchberg (12.Jh.) and wind mountain. Further north, on the Jenzig is a stone-temporal barrier plant. In the north one finds the ruin Kunitzburg, actually castle track mountain, former seat of Reichsministerialen.
In Jena was on the area of the today's main building that Friedrich Schiller university the city lock, which from 1670 was to 1692 seat of the government of the duchy Saxonia Jena. This had to yield the new university construction, the 1908 on the occasion of the 350-jaehrigen Universitaetsjublilaeums one inaugurated.
Churches
As the oldest still existing church of Jena the Roman-catholic church St is considered. Johannes Baptist in the city centre in the Wagnergasse. The first part became in the 11. Century builds. Beside the catholic church the former garrison church stands Peace church on the Johannesfriedhof. Actually this Johann George church is called. After Jena became 1672 capital of the duchy Saxonia Weimar, builds one on recommending Johann George II., Duke of Saxonia iron oh, the church on the area of the old Johannisfriedhofes in the years 1686 - 1693, it was designated after its founder.
The cemetery extended in former times also up to the catholic church, however it was Weimar strongly made smaller by the building after the federal highway. In the city centre is the today's town church St. Michael, the actual Parrochialkirche from that 12. Century. It experienced several changes. The largest changes were made with the establishment of the former Cistercian nun monastery. Over the age of the church there are different lehrmeinungen. It is most likely due to the emergence of the German market settlement in 12. Developed for century, as successors of the church today in few Jena.
Cemeteries
One discovered the oldest cemetery in Jena within the range of the church of our dear wives in few Jena. It is enough in 9. Century back. Therefore on the part of the city archaeologist Matthias Rupp is accepted, that in few Jena the origin of Jena lies.
The largest cemetery in Jena is the north cemetery. In second place is the east cemetery to call (1912 inaugurated). Besides there are still the Johannisfriedhof, probably in the course of the regular city plant of Jena outside of the stadtmauern one established. This was the medieval and modern cemetery of the city Jena. In the course 19. Jh. this too small for the expanding city and was put in such a way the foundation-stone for the north cemetery. The Johannisfriedhof becomes since 1978 only as park used. Further cemeteries are in the respective eingemeindeten villages.
In the churches are above all to grave clutch of eggs of the ministers and make gentlemen of the city Jena. Thus there were these in St. Michael, in the Kollegienkirche, the Karmeliterkloster, in the hospital and to St. Nicolaus.
Park
- Paradies: historical park in that Saaleaue between Saale and city centre
- Oberaue Parka situation between Saale and core mountains, into also the sports stadiums for the city are appropriate with historical wells and a protected area.
- Botani garden
- Semolina-Bach garden
- Peace mountain with war memorial
Regular meetings
- April: Black beer night
- May: Well celebration at the romantic house
- June: Museum market on the market place
- July until August: Culture arena - sechswoechiges open air music festival in the center
- September: Jenaer jazz days
- SeptemberOctober: Old part of town celebration
- OctoberNovember: Irish days
- November: Theatre in motion - international dance and movement theatre festival (every 2 years)
- December: Weihnachtsmarkt
Personalities
Honour citizen
See: List of the honour citizens of Jena
Sons and daughters of the city
- 1590, Johann Matthaeus Meyfart, Rector, Professor for theology, Minister, More closely ("Jerusalem, you high-built city")
- 1761, 28. October, August Batsch, Botaniker
- 1881, 3. April, Hans Kniep, Botaniker
- 1883, Curt Unkel, Voelkerkundler
- 1891, 17. January, Walter Eucken, Economist and important representatives of the Ordoliberalismus
- 1911, 28. June, Bernhard, Prince of the Netherlands, Husband of the former Netherlands queen July IANA and father of queen Beatrix, Chairman of the World Wildlife find 1961-77, General inspector of the armed forces 1970-1976, Joint founder and chairman of the high-exclusive Conference of picture mountain 1954-1976
- 1914, Konrad Buchwald, German Botaniker, Naturschuetzer and national planner.
- 1937, 18. September, Geert Mueller Gerbes, German journalist and television moderator
- 1952, 22. September, Lutz Rathenow, Poet and Prosaautor
- 1954, Werner Buettner, Painter
- 1969, 16. July, Sahra Wagenknecht Niemeyer, Politician that Left wing party
- 1973, 17. November, Bernd cutter, Football national player
In Jena the following persons are not born, however in Jena worked:
- Ernst Abbe, * 23. January 1840 in Iron oh; ? 14. January 1905 in Jena, Astronomer, Mathematician, Physicist, Optiker, Entrepreneur and social reformer
- Hans Berger, * 21. May 1873 in Neuses Coburg; ? 1. June 1941 in Jena, Discoverer of the Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Hans's gust going old, * 28. July 1876 in Niederstueter (Westphalia); ? 14. May 1965 in Jena, German mathematician
- Johann God-dear spruce, * 19. May 1762 in Rammenau Bischofswerda; ? 27. January 1814 in Berlin, German philosopher.
- Samuel Fischer, * 1547 in Sank Joachimsthal; ? 1600 in Jena, Minister, Superintendent and professor
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, * 28. August 1749 in Frankfurt/Main; ? 22. March 1832 in Weimar, More closely, Scientist, Art theoretician and statesman
- Ernst Haeckel, * 1834 in Potsdam; ? 1919 in Jena, Biologist and philosopher
- Jussuf Ibrahim, important child physician, Director/conductor of the child hospital "Jussuf Ibrahim"
- Walter Mueller, * 30. September 1900 in Berlin; 24. February 1959 in Sigma rings, Gynaekologe, a hospital for woman diseases and birth assistance operated from 1933-1954 in Jena
- Karl Marx, * 5. May 1818 in Trier; ? 14. March 1883 in London, political journalist, Economist and revolutionary, Graduation in Jena (without presence)
- Novalis, * 2. May 1772 on that Family property Oberwiederstedt; ? 25. March 1801 in White rock, More closely
- Peter Petersen, * 1884; ? 21. March 1952 in Jena, was in Reform paedagogue at that University of Jena
- Adolf realm wine * 3. October 1898 in Bath Ems; ? 20 October 1944 in Berlin (executed) Reform paedagogue, 1. Director/conductor of the people's highschool, Worker education home
- Nikolaus of Reusner, * 2. February 1545 in Lion mountain, Schlesien; ? 12. April 1602 in Jena, Right scientist
- Friedrich of Schiller, * 10. November 1759 in Marbach at the Neckar, ? 9. May 1805 in Weimar, More closely and writers
- Friedrich schlegel, * 10. March 1772 in Hanover, ? 11 January 1829 in Dresden, Culture philosopher, Critic, Literature historian and translator
- August Schleicher, * 19. February 1821 in Meiningen; ? 6. December 1868 in Jena, Linguist
- Friedrich William Joseph of Schelling, * 27. January 1775 in Leonberg, ? 20 August 1854 in Bath Ragaz, Switzerland, Philosopher
- Petrol bulkhead, * 17. December 1851 in Witten at the Ruhr, ? 27. August 1935 in Jena, Chemist and glass technician
- Karl Volkmar Stoy, * 1815 in Pegau; ?1885 in Jena, Paedagogue and one of the most important representatives of the Herbartianismus
- Johann Ludwig Tieck, * 31. May 1773 in Berlin; ? 28. April 1853 in Berlin, More closely, Writer, Publisher and translator
- Johannes Trueper * 2. February 1855; ? 1921 in Jena, Educator, Discoverer that Heilpaedagogik, Boarding school on the Sophienhoehe in Jena
- Johann Bernhard Vermehren, Dr. phil. having IL, * 6. June 1777 in Luebeck; ?29. November 1803 in Jena, Romantic, Private lecturer at the university
- Carl Zeiss, * 11. September 1816 in Weimar, ?3. December 1888 in Jena, Mechanic and entrepreneur
Literature
- "German city book. Manual of urban history "volume II Central Germany - on behalf of the conference of the nationalhistorical commissions of Germany with the support of the German municipality daily, hrsg. by Erich Keyser, Stuttgart, 1941
Web on the left of
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