Kingdom of Neapel

emergence

in the year 1139 normannische soldiers the city Neapel the Byzantine Dux (duke) entrissen Sergius VII. and they arranged into from Roger II. created Kingdom of Sicily . By the marriage of the hereditary daughter Rogers II., Konstanze, with the Staufer Heinrich VI. (1186) Sicily (and concomitantly Neapel) came to the Staufer and experienced among emperors Friedrich II. 1220-1250 its gloss time. It established a strictly centralistic governed official state, which disintegrated after its death rapidly. The last Staufer, Manfred and Konradin, fell the attacks of Karl I. from Anjou to the victim. The Sicilian Vesper (1282) brought Sicilies at Aragón, while in Neapel the Anjou prevailed. This division of the Kingdom of Sicily was the birth of the Kingdom of Neapel.

Neapel under the house Anjou

after the southItalian Normannenstaat direct Lehen of the Pope was, stood it in a closer relationship with Rome, than any other European realms. Also therefore Neapel (and Sicilies) came a special role in the process of the large abendländischen Schismas . This all the more, there were two Prätendenten, which were supported in each case by a papal parliamentary group. As three years after outbreak of the church splitting (1381) queen Johanna and murdered a little later, gave it was imprisoned set two candidates on the neapolitanische crown. One was Karl von Durazzo, count von Gravina, a cousin of second degree of the deceased Johanna, the other one was Ludwig, Herzog von Anjou, Sohn king Johann II. of France. Johanna had adopted the latters some years before their dying and for its successor had intended. While Karl was supported and crowned by the Roman Pope, it was Klemens (VII.), the Ludwig von Anjou with a papal army supported and to South Italies sent after it it in Avignon to the king of Neapel had crowned. The two Prätendenten had for their part successors, that argued also after completion of the Schismas about quite and illegitimacy of the respective opponent. After resided to Ludwig von Anjou and its successors up to short time intervals never in Neapel, one calls it in the research „Titularkönige “.

Neapel under the house Aragón

in the year 1422 succeeded it to king Alfons V. of Aragón and Sicilies to let Neapel become Sicilian again (until 1458). After his death its brother got Johann of Aragón Sicily and its illegitimate son Ferdinand I. Neapel. Ferdinands son Alfons II. became to 23. January 1495 in a forced manner to the resignation, because the French king, Karl VIII., when leaning gentleman of the become extinct Anjou princes, now for his part Neapel stressed and the kingdom from February governed to July 1495. Briefly after Karl VIII. the city had again left, conquered Ferdinand II., Alfons' son, its inheritance. With its death (1496) a new fight for Neapel broke out. This time it was not a French prince, but the king of Sicily (Ferdinand, the catholic one of Aragón), who occurred to 1501 in Neapel, which drove there king out (Friedrich) and which realm supplied to its own.

Neapel under the having citizen

Neapel remained united with Sicilies. Both kingdoms were from now on Nebenländer of the Spanish crown, to king Philipp V. of Spain and Sicily, the festländischen part, thus Neapel, in the year 1707 at emperor (Karl VI.) retired. (See. in addition also: Spanish succession war)
some years later (1720) fell also Sicily at the latters, so that the two realms were again united.

Neapel under the Bourbonen

after death emperor Karls came Neapel in the year 1734 to the Spanish Bourbonen, while Sicily remained with the having citizens. The second son king of Karl III. from Spain, Ferdinand, received then however both Sicilies, and Neapel to 1759. In the age of the French revolution in Neapel the Parthenopei republic was proclaimed and the king remained only Sicily. 1806 set Napoleon I. its brother Joseph, two years later its brother-in-law Murat than kings of Neapel, while Ferdinand resided still in Sicilies. After the Viennese congress, became Ferdinand of Bourbon Sicilies, to 8. December 1825 to Ferdinand I., king of both Sicilies proclaims. The kingdom of both Sicilies remained until 1860 (Sicily until May, Neapel until Septembers) an independent state. In October 1860 it was attached by the troops Garibaldis the Kingdom of Piemont Sardinien and the Italian state developed.

• see also: List of the rulers of Neapel