Karl Jaspers

Karl Theodor Jaspers (* in Oldenburg, † in .

Jaspers is considered as outstanding representatives that Existential philosophy, which it of Existentialismus Jean Paul Sartres strictly differentiated. He was first a teacher and afterwards lifelong friend of and stood with exception of some years of the time life in Exchange of letters with Martin Heidegger, over which it after that a briefliches appraisal in the course sucked. Entnazifizierung wrote. Also also Max webers connected it a friendship of many years as well as also Hans's W. Gruhle and Kurt cutter.

Table of contents

Life

Karl Jaspers was pupil of the Old High School in Oldenburg. It came of to a wealthy banker family, which it as liberal-conservatively designated. Before the background of wasteful handling of its grandfather with of its father by smuggling business of acquired immense fortune, its parents mediated to him and critical thinking.

From childhood Jaspers at Bronchialproblemen (innate suffered Bronchiektasen), which limited its physical efficiency substantially and a susceptibility for infections to the consequence had. Its health was received therefore only by strict discipline too, the way of life from Jaspers after auto+biographic certifications continuous determined.

It studied first at the end of of 1901 in and later in three terms . After a cure stay in Sils Maria it took 1902 in up, which it starting from 1903 in and starting from 1906 in resumed. Here it attained a doctorate with support of Karl Wilmanns to 8. December 1908 Franz Nissl, the director that Psychiatric university clinic, it after its License to practise medicine 1909 to 1914 also as Unsalaried employee assistant Opportunity to the cooperation gave.

Heidelberg

1907 he learned Gertrud Mayer, which sister of his study friend Ernst Mayer. 1910 married Karl Jaspers and an orthodox Jewish buyer family the belonging Gertrud Mayer.

The scientific model for Karl Jaspers was Max webers, which it 1909 through Hans's walter Gruhle know had learned. Jaspers member of the working group was occasional over those psychological theories Freuds and related opinions, the 1910/11 its Mitassistent Arthur Kronfeld in the life had called. Beside Gruhle were also the two later Nobelpreistraeger Petrol Meyerhof and Petrol being castle as well as the medical student Vladimir Eliasberg taken part. This circle played in the large, European-wide Psychotherapiebewegung in the twenties of the 20 Century an important role. Jaspers did not mention it, although he itself up to its end of life with that Psychoanalysis , particularly in their world-descriptive And a scientific reason that set for requirements apart Psychotherapie called in.

To 1913 itself Jaspers with support could by Nissl and webers William diaper volume at the philosophical faculty that University of Heidelberg in habilitieren. It put famous text book become to be later to that General one Psychopathologie forwards. With this work it supplemented those Psychiatry fundamentally, with it over that William Wundts outside went. This psychologicalphenomenological Method already was of Emil Kraepelin brought into the psychiatry. Jaspers was, as it its influential Habilitationsschrift submitted, only thirty years old.

Already after two years training activity at the philosophical seminar that University of Heidelberg became Jaspers 1916 appointed the extraordinary professor. 1920, the year of the beginning of its friendship also Martin Heidegger, it could in the follow-up of Hans Driesch move up even to the extra full professor. Still faster he became a tidy professor: in the following year lodging negotiations led because of to it been issued appointments to the fact that for it a personal Ordinariat furnished and it thereby beside Heinrich Rickert deputy manager of the seminar became.

After training and attitude a substantial distance to Rickert, which was expressed also in a different view of philosophy, existed. For Rickert as neukantianisch adjusted science-oriented philosophers was the appointment of the specializedstrange Jaspers with its orientation at that Its question and the background of the psychology a Graeuel. Over the different evaluation of achievement and person of Jaspers highly estimated max of webers it came early to the break between Rickert and it.

In the following years Jaspers concentrated on an intensive and deepened study of philosophy. First it read over the large philosophers and began starting from 1927 with a "sketch of philosophy", at which it starting from 1924 in move exchange with its friend and brother-in-law Ernst Mayer had worked.

Of that immediately introduced measures of the National Socialist ruling powers to Synchronising the universities in Germany Jaspers was despite its - after the NaziJargon - „Jewish Versippung"by its marriage first only little concerned; since it was however not ready to separate from its wife to it became at the end of of Septembers into the retirement transferred and starting from 1938 with publication prohibition occupies. Its work and studies continued Jaspers consistently. Many friends of many years held to him, so that he was not isolated. It however constantly stood under the threat by those to kidnap wanted, how it experienced at the beginning of briefly before March of a friend. Jaspers had taken precautions for this case however and had Cyanide potash for itself and its wife, which was however saved to use to it; Heidelberg became to 30 briefly before. March taken by American troops. Due to its irreproachable attitude during of the Third realm Jaspers was one of the most formed scientists, after to the new reason and reopening of the University of Heidelberg to contribute could.

Basel

Personally revered by the choice to the honour senator of the university in the year 1946 and the award of the Goethe price the city Frankfurt im Jahr darauf, aber bald enttäuscht von der weiteren allgemein- und hochschulpolitischen Entwicklung im Postwar Germany it changed as successors of Paul Haeberlin after and took as reaction to the choice of the former NSDAP - member Kurt George Kiesinger to the Federal Chancellor as well as the verabschiedung that Emergency acts there also those nationality on. It gave further again and again strongly considered statements to matters of time like also to scientific topics - for example to Psychoanalysis - off.

Beyond that Jaspers received 1953 those the University of Heidelberg, that Peace price of the German book trade and that Erasmuspreis as well as honour doctorates that Sorbonne in and the university in Geneva. Its Retirement took place . its own university distinguished it with a medical honour doctor. Apart from numerous honorary memberships in scientific societies further honors followed: the price of the Oldenburg donation (a medal award by the Federal Republic in this year leaned Jaspers off), the medal Pour le Mérite and the international peace price Luettich.

The work of Jaspers covers over 30 books with approximately 12.000 print pages and a deduction of 35.000 sheets as well as some thousand letters. There are Jaspers - societies in Austria, Japan and North America. In Switzerland a Karl Jaspers donation exists. Since it gives at the university in Oldenburg the annual Karl Jaspers lectures to questions of the time.

Psychiatry

Karl Jaspers was one of the first German psychiatrists of the regard supplemented; it left thereby however a today still discussed method problem to it, to its further discussion it later despite serious request of Kurt cutter even no more did not contribute.

Jaspers attached particular importance to determine the borders of the psychopathologischen method. For this it described in detail psychiatric prejudices, like the so-called Brain mythology, after the spirit patient brain patient to be are. Also the theoretical acceptance Freuds he counted to the prejudices, which it applied to fight in the psychiatry.

Jaspers stressed that mental processes only indirectly, by the reports of over their experiences, are accessible. Technical one Parameters for a mental disturbance cannot be derived from this, whereby the psychopathologische analysis itself in principle of procedure differentiates.

Beside William Griesinger, after Binswanger "Psychiatry their condition"gave, by it"mental diseases [ as ] Illnesses of the brain"defined, as well as Emil Kraepelin, first the useful nosologisches Reference system introduced to the psychiatry, applies for Jaspers General Psychopathologie as "Beginning of a methodically reflected psychopathologischen research"(max of Schmauss).

Philosophy

Starting points

Important sources that Philosophy by Karl Jaspers are Kierkegaard, , and above all no assistance during the self making sure offer, needs humans a illusionless view of its existence as basis of its action decisions.

Its Psychology of the world views from the year 1919 a transition from the psychology is to philosophy and can as the first work of the modern Existential philosophy are classified. Jaspers was interested particularly in the mental drives, which justify world views. It problematisierte already here "Border situations"like death, suffering, debt, historicity, which the experiences of humans determine, because of which it with rational thinking fails, and in those humans Skeptizismus and Nihilismus to overcome can, by becoming conscious as existence opposite the Transzendenz. For it this book had

to reflect to see "only sense for humans, who begin, to surprise oneself on itself, questionableness of the existence, and also only sense for such, those the life as personal, irrational, by nothing removable responsibility to experience" (preface).

The anthropologische People picture in Jaspers ' philosophy is coined/shaped by a four-level its way as implementation dimensions of humans:

  1. the biological existence as inconsiderate, vital existence will with power -, validity and interests of benefit - at the same time the experience area, in that Phaenomenologie and Positivism their borders find.
  2. consciousness at all as medium of objective thinking in the sense of the kantischen understanding (the Ichsein), that the range that Logic determined.
  3. the spirit as sharing at holistic and sense pin ends ideas, which the connection in the absentmindedness of the Wissbaren and Erfahrbaren produces.
  4. the existence as what humans can be, as no more empirically understandable level of the actual self unity, as the possibility of the true people unity.

After a write break, which was dedicated to intensive studies and pre-working, Jaspers published 1931 as 1000. Volume that Collection Goe the first purely philosophical writing over The mental situation of the time, in which it itself critically with topics that , concerned it represented a preliminary work to its 1932 dreibaendigem hauptwerk appeared, which it simply Philosophy called. The volumes carry the titles: I. Philosophical world orientation; II. Existence illuminating, III. Metaphysik. With this three-division Jaspers took over the classical philosophical structure of the questions about the cosmos, the soul and God.

Science

Philosophy was not for Jaspers science, but rather existence illuminating, itself with that concerns. Each expression to philosophy is so seen even already philosophy. Philosophy arises, where humans become awake. Philosophy is of the own faint and weakness. Jaspers differentiated thereby Truth of vital truth. While the one inter+subjectively , can one is comprehensible with the other one not of Realization speak themselves, there they up transcendental Articles (, Liberty) arranges. Science knows Progress, philosophy not.

We may hardly say that we are further as Plato. Only in the material of the scientific realizations, which it uses, we are further. In the Philosophieren we concerned still hardly again at him. (introduction, 9)

Jaspers turned strictly against a blending of philosophy, like it it understood, with a philosophy, with the science to compete wants and itself to their methods limited. This makes itself farm servant of the science. Thus it commentated Husserls Philosophy as strict science as a masterpiece also in its consequence back-frightening before no absurdity. And that languageanalytic philosophy Carnap It reproached coinage:

"the illogical in the grammar is to good part expression of truths, itself the formal Logic extract. The formally logical is only one of the stands of the language, not absolutely valid, although essential. The view of the language under formal-logic criteria recognizes the language only as sign language and has the tendency to clean the language to it - in the loss of its life - only sign language is.“ (truth, 447)

Science is compellingly certain and generally accepted methodical realization, on hypothetical basis in the sense of Intersubjectivity. It has however its borders in the absolute one, in the insurmountable Endlosigkeit and the unattainableness of the unit of the world. Science is limited on the existence, consciousness at all and the spirit. The existence however remains unerfasst by the science.

Those Recognizability of the world in the whole one is in But faith, as it in , and in World views transformed and became in such a way the "after picture of philosophy". In this estimate was it as close as rare.

For philosophy there is to compare no external point of view, from which one grasps her, or define can: Truth, whose correctness I can prove, exists without me. [...] Truth, from which I live, is only by the fact that I become identical to their. (faith, 11). The the subject of philosophy is outside of the article realization. For this reason philosophy has a report problem. Sie kann ihren Gegenstand nur indirekt ansprechen und sie kann ihn nur erfassen, indem sie ihn transzendiert.

Existenz - Transzendenz - Das Umgreifende

Existence and Transzendenz are not gegenstaendlich. Its is not point outable, just as few as article like which I, by which the articles are constituted. Only in the measure, in which humans find to itself, is humans existence. The transcendental meets humans in Ciphers, which express themselves in special experiences, which arrange the existence of higher one, materially not detectable one for it.

Existence is also always directed toward the others. The self its requires substantially communication with other humans. 在der Communication from humans to humans philosophy in the "loving fight", in the attack and justification realizes itself not the profit of serve to come and deliver themselves each other but around itself mutually close. Thus one reaches the "Innewerden of the Seins", "illuminating the love" and the "completion of the peace".

In the writing Reason and existence (1935) introduced itself Jaspers its key term "the embracing", to that Existence humans as well as in that Transzendenz the whole one of the world reflects, without humans it ever in its Entireness to seize can. Jaspers differentiated the existence, consciousness as ways of the embracing at all, the spirit, the existence, the Transzendenz (world), ciphers and as connecting the reason as will to the unit, as movement without secured existence, as boundless openness. The ways of the embracing are not objektivierbar.

From each way of the embracing, which is we, not only from the consciousness at all, which the compelling insight course-honours, but made of existence, spirit and existence its own sense of truth arises. (existential philosophy, 29)

Truth of the existence is pragmatic truth, is what is useful in the life. Wahrheit des Bewusstseins 5uberhaupt ist Wahrheit im Gegenst5andlichen der Wissenschaften und 在der Mathematik 。 Truth in the spirit is realization of the idea. Existenzielle truth be based on communication with the other one and is bound to personal carrying out. As the different truth terms show, the ways of the embracing are not one on the other reducible and must be carried out in the sense of the entireness in each case.

The existence of humans is certain by those Liberty, which can prove nor be disproved neither, however humans constantly in decision situations places and itself in its life practice revealed. By the liberty humans select themselves. In addition, to self its belongs communication in the relationship on the other hand. "nobody can become alone blessed.“ The way to itself humans encounter on border situations. He learns that he pushes with the questionableness of actual scientific world orientation to the abyss of the absolutely incomprehensible one. In , Fight, and the hopelessness shows up to prevent a failure. Only in Assume this situation can humans to its actual Arrive to existence.

Jaspers philosophy was called frequently irrational. But this is based on a mistake. On the one hand Jaspers had constantly a positive relationship to that Naturwissenschaften and that rational Philosophy. In the opposite he spoke (out more epistemologically View problematic) the sciences unchecked undoubtedly validity too (Account and view). On the other hand is its philosophy of the free Individual ago meant, which must find in communication with others, own ideas and ways of acting for itself. To that extent Jaspers was at no time in speculation, but show the openness of the decision and the responsibility of humans in its Liberty. Its philosophical beginning is forward arranged contrary to the Heideggers, which it one ontologische Adjustment on the Existentialien reproached. Also that Nihilismus of the Existenzialismus philosophy overcomes Jaspers ', by making and requesting it conscious for the particular in the existence illuminating its possible self-confident its to notice in the liberty its responsibility. In particular the conceptions of the disgust of humans before itself or the condemn-condemning its to the liberty Sartre Jaspers are strange, even if in many thoughts the relationship on Existentialismus to find is. Liberty without purchase to the Transzendenz is not possible for it.

Religion

Similarly as to the science Jaspers took also to a clear demarcation forwards. It turned among other things in The philosophical faith and revealing (1962) particularly against everyone Absolutheitsanspruch positive religions. Each absoluteness limits the truth of others. Everyone Revealing formulated finiteness already is from humans. It closed however equating the absolute one also not out.

"the strength, that Ethos, the release and the liberty, which are Ernst of the absolute one possible, even if that is taken, which the Offenbarungsglaeubige admits so decided and holds.“ (S. 37)

That Individual is referred thereby to the philosophically understood notion of the Transzendenz. Philosophical faith is without cult, without personifizierendes and without Religious community. In this sense finite and unvollendbare humans in a guidance can live by God.

Ethics

Jaspers leaned an explicit as Housing of conceptions of the world off, because he did not want to see the individual freedom of election reduced in principle. But the possibility of the human self implementation is necessary condition to actual self its, which constitutes the manual of practical acting. One reaches the own existence illuminating by "internal appropriation", "leaving in the knowledge", "deep amusement", "openness against itself and other" and "bravery" (Philosophy II. Border situations). It is however the reason, which points the way to the individual self implementation and which like "probity", "truthfulness", "unselfishness" or "responsibility readiness" emphasizes moral and political attitudes (especially in: Of the truth).

History and world philosophy

While the historicity of humans was always in his for Jaspers an element of the basic understanding of the human existence, it turned in particular after 1945 ever more the questions that Philosophy history as constituent element one Philosophia perennis too. Philosophy develops not from the purity of independent opinion separates always already through - mostly and unchecked ungemerkte - Assimilation and guidance of terms already existing. The consciousness of the historicity is a condition of the vital Philosophierens.

The dialogue, which opens communication with the large philosophers an area of the Philosophierens, in which one comes over fundamental questions into a discussion, which makes possible it to acquire itself a thinking of these outstanding persons philosophy history. It depends not on historisierende repeating, but on the purchase to the own existence. The authority of the large works makes a regaining possible of the own origin. Like that Jaspers are not work over the large philosophers as historical work to understand - as such they are disputed, which they always contain the attempt of a total gesamtschau of thinking. "philosophy concerns us as it in its strength, which arrives by the large philosophers at us, not as historical knowledge of it.“ The latter is only one report over a chain of mistakes.

Jaspers formed an order of rank of its meaning during the representation of the large philosophers consciously:

Are missing - entitled or unauthorized - , and Leibniz, from which Jaspers of the opinion was that they lead not into the internal of philosophy and cause thus no conversion of the self-confident unity.

From its view of the large Philosphen Jaspers developed the idea that out Axle time as well as the origin of philosophy in at least three sources, in China, in India as well as in Greece. This insight as well as by technology, in particular traffic engineering of the modern time to a uniform community developing World situation Jaspers led to the idea of one World philosophy, thus a very early argument with the consequences that .

"we look for today the soil, on which humans from all faith origins can meet over the world meaningfully, ready, to acquire their ever own history again to clean and transform, but not to abandon.“ (revealing, 7)

Universal communication as illuminating vital communication contained thereby a gradated procedure through

  • Comparisons, recognizes the common with which one just like foreigner
  • Understand as participation in the other one
  • the common fight for the truth (as Question, objection, refutation, questioning, hearing, self remaining)
  • Appropriation, D.h. as change with extension and profit on both sides.

Jaspers philosophy is existential philosophy, philosophy of the embracing and at the same time still much more. It is not philosophy of the Seins or being ends, but philosophy of the possibility of the existence, openness and responsibility, those coming from the historicity as world philosophy the perspective opens at the same time for a intercultural philosophy.

Jaspers always rejected a new philosophy to have sketched. It always stressed that its philosophy only takes up, which would result from the current time as way of philosophy history.

"the multiplicity of the Philosophierens, which cannot prevent contradictions and the which are mutually exclusive requirements for truth that in the reason one works, which possesses nobody and around that at any time all serious efforts circles: an eternal philosophy, philosophia perennis.“ (introduction, 17)

Jaspers - Heidegger - Arendt

Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers stood themselves as young university graduates relatively near, there both itself from the prevailing Neukantianismus had loosened and the term of the existence of the individual with absence sense pin ends of a highest instance into the center of their philosophy had placed. Know had learned themselves they on a conference in the year 1920 in Freiburg. From then on mutual attendance and an active exchange of letters took place. Heidegger had Jaspers ' Psychology of the world views in a large review appreciative. Since its positions were nevertheless very different in the detail however, the technical discussion held itself within limits.

Gertrud Jaspers, unbekannt, Karl Jaspers, Hannah Arendt in St. Moritz, 1952
Gertrud Jaspers, unknown, Karl Jaspers, Hannah Arendt in St. Moritz, 1952

attained a doctorate 1926-1928 with Jaspers and kept thereafter for their part constant letter contact and personal contact to this.

After Heideggers of notorious Rektoratsrede 1933 the contact broke off to a large extent to Jaspers. After end of war Jaspers requested in view to Heideggers Training power one to Heidegger in the LV time to deliver. Jaspers recommended a limited training prohibition, which should be examined at expiration of the term. It however nevertheless supported a publication permission. This statement was not surely without influence on the Heidegger given training prohibition. This received then again the training power to 1950.

One finds the distance from the formerly friendly philosopher in exchange of letters with Hannah Arendt, where Jaspers push: "one knows D as impure soul -.h. when soul, which does not feel its impurity and not constantly from it out-pushed, away-lives but thoughtless in the dirt, - can one see the purest in insincerity?“ (1.9.1949). Arendt answered on that: "which you call impurity, would call I Charakterlosigkeit.“ (29.9.1949)

The political writer

Still before end of the Jaspers in its diary had noted: "who must be determined it survived, that a task, for which it is to verzehren the remainder of its life.“ When practical action guidance of its philosophy saw Jaspers occurring for the liberty, because only in liberty one could really arrive at the existence illuminating. Jaspers drew the conclusion for itself to take to the political life position in the future.

With the writing The question of guilt from 1946, at the same time its first lecture at the university of Heidelberg, justified again with its support, he made the first step. Here it developed an understanding of debt, which affects also today still the political discussion considerably. It differentiated thereby the criminal, the political, the moral and those metaphysical debt. First to condemn is thing that on. That humans can become at all guilty, is thing of God. Into the collective responsibility it referred nevertheless, under that to suffer had and vitally threatened was, also in:

"we survivors did not look for death. We did not go, when our Jewish friends were exhausted, on the road, to have not geschrien, until one destroyed us. We do not have it preferred alive to remain with the weak, although correct reason, our death anything have helped could. That we live, is our debt. We know before God, what humiliates us deeply.“

With this statement Jaspers, bulkily like already often, turned against that Spirit of the time of the Displacing and demanded itself also, with that Kollektivschuld to argue. Above all it warned of a Aufrechnen with jedwedem other political injustice.

Also in the future it took again and again publicly position for political situation. Together also Dolf Sternberger it gave the magazine from 1946 to 1949 The transformation out, into prominent authors (, , Martin Buber, Albert Camus, , Jean Paul Sartre, Carl Zuckmayer) called to the mentally moral and for political renewal. Its program for the modernization and above all Democratization the Heidelberger university condition could not intersperse Jaspers.

Much attention found its book to 1958 The atom bomb and the future of humans, in which it turned against the block building and the suppression of liberty. In view of the threat by a nuclear war Jaspers saw not only the particular, but entire mankind in a border situation. Its writing was taken up very critically over Liberty and reunification of 1960, in which it occurred for it, its own state in the GDR to accept, even if thereby for this part of Germany the liberty could be manufactured. After an appropriate television interview it became as Native country traitor and Helper of the insulted.

Jaspers searched the nevertheless far controversy. He lived as an observer that Auschwitz process and substantial stepped against at that time discussed the verjaehrung of LV crime . Above all he raised 1966 with the book Where does the Federal Republic float? Facts - dangers - chances again warning its voice with a refusal at power politics and Party state and turned out thereby into the debate around the at that time and the "self betrayal" that SPD during the acknowledgment that Emergency acts. Criticism it received thereby nearly without closer inspection from the policy from on the right of and left in the same way, however also a broad agreement in the public found.

Quotations

- quotations
  • "Humans find in itself, what he does not find anywhere in the world, something unrecognizable, unprovable, never Gegenstaendliches, something, which extracts itself from all searching science: The liberty."
  • "There is no thing of the philosophy, which is detachable by humans. Philosophierende humans, its basic experiences, its actions, its everyday behavior, powers speaking from it are not to be left aside."
  • "In acting out of original liberty, in each shape of absolute consciousness, in each act of the love therein the not forgotten becomes, on the contrary temporalness, as decision and choice, accented at the same time broken through to the eternity; the vital time becomes as feature actual Seins into the inexorable time absolutely and the Transzendenz of this time in the eternity."
  • "If humans maintain ground internally in the fate, if it withstands steadfastly still in dying, then it cannot by itself alone. Which helps it, is however from other kind than all assistance of the world. That it stands on itself, it owes to a ungreifbaren, only in its liberty perceptible hand from the Transzendenz."
  • "The philosophical faith is the essential origin all genuine Philosophierens."
  • "In the Philosophieren a faith without each revealing expresses itself, appealing to that, which is on the same way; it is not an objective signpost/guide in the confused hall; everyone seizes only, which it is as possibility by itself. But it dares the dimension, which sense brings in the existence for the view of Transzendenz to shining. In a world, which became doubtful in everything, we seek to hold philosophierend the direction, without knowing the goal."
  • "Which happened, is a warning. It too forgotten, is debt. One should constantly remind of it. It was possible that this happened, and it remains at any time possible. Only in the knowledge it can be prevented."

Works

  • General Psychopathologie. A manual for studying, physicians and psychologists. Springer, Berlin 1913, ²1920, ³1923; Fourth worked on edition completely again 1946, since then in further editions invariably reprinted. ISBN 3-540-03340-8
  • Psychology of the world views. Springer, Berlin 1919 ISBN 3-540-05539-8
  • The idea of the university. Springer, Berlin 1923; Revised version 1946; further Revised version "for the present situation sketched of Karl Jaspers and Kurt Rossmann.“ 1961, ern. 2000, ISBN 3-540-10071-7
  • The mental situation of the time. Berlin/Leipzig 1931, ISBN 3-11-016391-8
  • Philosophy 3 volumes (I. Philosophical world orientation; II. Existence illuminating; III. Metaphysik). Springer, Berlin 1932, ISBN 3-540-12120-X
  • Reason and existence. Groningen 1935.
  • Nietz. Introduction to the understanding of its Philosophierens. Springer, Berlin 1936, ISBN 3-11-008658-1
  • Descartes and philosophy. Springer, Berlin 1937, ISBN 3-11-000864-5
  • Existential philosophy. Three lectures. Springer, Berlin 1938.
  • The question of guilt. Heidelberg/Zurich 1946.
  • Nietz and the Christianity. Hameln 1946.
  • Of the truth. Munich 1947.
  • The philosophical faith. Five lectures. Munich/Zurich 1948. (contents 1947 as guest lectures in Basel)
  • Of the origin and a goal of history. Munich/Zurich 1949. (representation that Axle time)
  • Introduction to philosophy. Twelve radio lectures. Zurich 1950, ISBN 3-492-04667-3
  • Reason and Widervernunft of our time. Three guest lectures. Munich 1950.
  • Account and view. Speeches and essays. Munich 1951.
  • The question of the Entmythologisierung. Munich 1954. (see Contributions too Rudolf Bultmann and Fritz Buri)
  • Schelling. Size and calamity. Munich 1955.
  • The large philosophers. Piper, Munich 1957, ISBN 3-492-11002-9
  • The atom bomb and the future of humans. Munich/Zurich 1957, ISBN 3-8302-0310-1
  • Philosophy and world. Speeches and essays. Munich 1958.
  • Liberty and reunification. Munich 1960, ISBN 3-492-11110-6
  • The philosophical faith in view of revealing. Piper, Munich 1962, ISBN 3-492-01311-2
  • Nikolaus Cusanus. Munich 1964.
  • Small school of philosophical thinking. Munich 1965, ISBN 3-492-20054-0
  • Hope and concern. Writings to the German policy 1945-1965. Munich 1965.
  • Where does the Federal Republic float? Facts, dangers, chances. Munich 1966.
  • To the criticism of my writing "where the Federal Republic floats?“ Munich 1967.
  • Fate and will. Auto+biographic writings. Munich 1967.

From the deduction:

  • Ciphers of the Transzendenz. (lecture 1961). Munich 1970, ISBN 3-8302-0335-7
  • Kant. Life, work, effect. Munich 1975.
  • What is philosophy? Munich 1976.
  • Philosophical autobiography. (around a chapter to Heidegger) New edition extended. Piper, Munich 1977.
  • Notes to Martin Heidegger. Munich 1978.
  • The large philosophers. Deduction. Volume 1. Munich 1981.
  • The large philosophers. Deduction. Volume 2. Munich 1981, ISBN 3-492-02732-6
  • World history of philosophy. (introduction) Munich 1982.
  • Truth and probation. Philosophieren for practice. Munich/Zurich 1983.
  • Exchange of letters 1926-1969, Hannah Arendt, Karl Jaspers, Munich/Zurich 1985.
  • Exchange of letters 1920-1963, Martin Heidegger, Karl Jaspers, Munich/Zurich 1990.
  • Deduction to the philosophical logic. Munich 1991, ISBN 3-492-03458-6

Literature

  • Christian Rabanus (Hrsg.): Primary bibliography of the writings Karl Jaspers ' , Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-7720-2080-1
  • Hans Saner: Karl Jaspers. With self certifications and picture documents. 12. Aufl. Rowohlt, Reinbek with Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-499-50169-4
  • Werner Schuessler: Jaspers for introduction. Junius, Hamburg 1995, ISBN 3-88506-914-8
  • Dietrich Harth (Hrsg.): Karl Jaspers. Think between science, politics and philosophy. Metzler, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-476-00666-2
  • Jeanne Hersch (Hrsg.): Karl Jaspers. Philosopher, physician, political philosopher. Symposium to 100. Birthday in Basel and Heidelberg. Piper, Munich u.A. 1986.
  • Sombart, Nicolaus: Rendezvous with the world spirit. Heidelberger reminiscences 1945-1951. S. Fischer, Frankfurt/Main 2000, ISBN 3-10-074422-5 (2.Part, chapters "Karl Jaspers")
  • Matthias Bormuth: Lebensfuehrung in the modern trend: Karl Jaspers and the psychoanalysis. Diss. Frommann Holzboog, Stuttgart bath CAN place 2002, ISBN 3-7728-2201-0
  • Genoveva Teoharova: Karl Jaspers ' philosophy on the way to world philosophy. Diss. King living and Neumann, Wuerzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8260-2661-6

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Person data
NAME Jaspers, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAME
SHORT DESCRIPTION German and Psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH
PLACE OF BIRTH Oldenburg
DYING DATE
DYING PLACE

 

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