Kurpfalz

Kurpfalz is the historical name for the territory controlled in former times by the Pfalzgrafen with Rhine, that today the Lands of the Federal Republic Baden-Wuerttemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hessen, Bavaria (“upper Pfalz “= Upper Palatinate), as well as today to is assigned to French State of region belonging to Elsass. That the designation today - particularly in the region - is still common, is connected above all with the fact that the central area of the historical Kurpfalz on both sides of the Rhine lay and that those today essentiallyentlang desRheins verlaufende Landesgrenze zwischen Baden-Württemberg und Rheinland-Pfalz von vielen Menschen der Region als "künstlich" empfunden wird (siehe auch: Rhine Neckar triangle). However today with Kurpfalz only the rechtsrheinische part of the historical Kurpfalz is usually marked ( the Rhine-Neckar-region as well as the cities Mannheim and Heidelberg, here also the kurpfälzische dialect spoken), the remainder is well-known as Pfalz.

The Kurpfalz played than 600 years an important role in the history of the holy Roman realm more. In the course of the re-organization of Germany and Europe during the Napoleoni time around 1800the Kurpfalz lost its autonomy and was divided.

Table of contents 1 the historical Kurpfalz 2 the Pfalzgrafen with Rhine 3 the cure princes of the Pfalz 4 literature 5 Web on the left of

the historical Kurpfalz

Kurpfalz marks the area of the Pfalz in the holy Roman realm of GermansNation with the main and Residenzstadt Heidelberg. Starting from the year 1720, up to the renewed transfer of the yard in the year 1778 to Munich, the obvious city Mannheim takes these on position. As also is the case for many other territories of the old realm, it actednot over geographically or landsmannschaftlich clearly defined area, but around one „patch carpet “, as the view of the historical map (see Web left) shows. The central area extended to both sides of the central Rhine of the Hunsrück in the northwest up to the east slope of the desert forest with MOS brook.

The name Pfalz leads itself off from the name for a castle-similar king yard, the emperors of the Staufer period at important places let which establish, such king or imperial palaces e.g. is. in bath Wimpfen or Worms. The Pfalzgrafschaft with Rhine (comes palatinus Rheni)one was that Reichslehen from 1198 to 1623 and from 1648 to 1806, which with were linked (cure country). The Pfalzgraf ordered therefore over a voice in seven, later neunköpfigen Kollegium of the cure princes, that the king and/or. Emperor of the holy one Roman realm selected. Since 1512 the country belonged to the Kurrheini realm circle.

In the pfälzischen succession war (1688 to 1697) large parts of the Kurpfalz were devastated by French troops.

In the course of the French coalition wars the linksrheinische part of the Kurpfalz became due to French occupation ofrechtsrheinischen part separated. In the period 1794 to 1815 the linksrheinischen areas were integrated as part of the Départements Mont Tonnerre (French for the thunder mountain) into the French state federation.

The Kurpfalz was dissolved 1803 after the French coalition wars in the course of the realm deputation main conclusion. The rechtsrheinischen parts of a territory including thatCities Heidelberg, Mannheim, Schwetzingen and Weinheim were slammed shut predominantly bathing revalued at the same time to the Grand Duchy and governed from Karlsruhe.

In the desert forest scattered territories, those belonged the Pfälzer cure prince due to their services of many years as Vögte of the realm monastery Lorsch of inheriting of to the KurpfalzMonastery, had stressed cure Mainz, and finally by wars and seizing under their control had brought. These areas in the desert forest and at the mountain route (Neckarsteinach, four-home, Heppenheim) arrived together with the cure-Main-hissed areas over the short-lived Principality of Leiningen 1806 mostly Hessen-Darmstadt und sind bis heute hessisch, auch Rheinhessen mit Städten wie Alzey oder Oppenheim wurde 1815 Teil von Hessen-Darmstadt und blieb dies bis 1945 Die Großherzöge von Hessen führten von 1815-1918 den Titel Großherzog zu Hessen und Pfalzgraf bei Rhein.

The linksrheinische heartland thatKurpfalz around Ludwigshafen, Speyer, Landau and Worms, today as Pfalz admits, came 1815 first as „Rheinpfalz “to the Kingdom of Bavaria, since 1945 belongs it to the Land of the Federal Republic Rhineland-Palatinate, the Kurpfalz for two centuries was thus three-divided.

The Pfalzgrafen with Rhine

• Heinrich II. of Laach, Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1085-1095.
• Siegfried of Ballenstedt and Weimar Orlamünde (Askanier), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1095-1113, Heinrichs stepson
• Gottfried, count von Calw, Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1113-1129 as a guardian for William of Ballenstedt.
• William of Ballenstedt, Pfalzgrafwith Rhine 1129-1140, son Siegfrieds (Askanier).
• Otto II., count von Rheineck, Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1140, stepfather of William.
• Heinrich Jasomirgott (* 1107; † 1177), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1140-1141
• Hermann of steel-hit a corner († 1156), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1142/1143 1156, brother-in-law king of Konrad III.

1156 gaveEmperor Friedrich Barbarossa its half brother Konrad the Staufer the Pfalzgrafschaft with Rhine as hereditary Lehen. The coat of arms of the Staufer - the upright standing golden lion on black reason - is from then on the coat of arms of the Pfalzgrafschaft with Rhine, which itself until today still inthe Landeswappen of all South German Lands of the Federal Republic regains. When Konrad died 1195, its son-in-law inherited Heinrich I. the long one from the house of the Welfen the Pfalzgrafschaft with Rhine.

• Konrad of the Staufer (* 1136; † 1195), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1156-1195
• Heinrich I. the long one, (* 1173; †1227), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1195-1212
• Heinrich II. (* 1197; † 1214), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1212-1214

Heinrich II. deceased without inheriting. The Lehen became of king Friedrich II. at Ludwig von Wittelsbach assign.

• Ludwig I. the Kelheimer (* 1174; † 1231), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1214-1228
• OttoII. the Erlauchte (* 1206; † 1253), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1228-1253
• Ludwig II. the severity (* 1229; † 1294), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1253-1294
• Rudolf I. the Stammler (* 1274; † 1319), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1294-1319
• Adolf the fair one (* 1300; † 1327), Pfalzgraf with Rhine1319-1327
• Rudolf II. the blind one (* 1306; † 1353), Pfalzgraf with Rhine 1329-1353

the cure princes from the Pfalz

the cure princes from the Pfalz (Pfalzgraf with Rhine) originated from the dynasty of the Wittelsbacher. 1356 received the Pfalz and lost it1623. 1649 were assigned a respected cure to the Pfalz. The Bavarian cure expired 1777 after becoming extinct the residents of Munich Wittelsbacher; the pfälzische inheritance Karl Theodor one led the title „cure princes of Pfalz Bavaria “. The pfälzische cure expired with its abolition by the realm deputation main conclusion.

• Ruprecht I., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1353/54 1390
• Ruprecht II., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1390-1398
• Ruprecht III., Cure prince by the Pfalz 1398-1410
• Ludwig III., Cure prince by the Pfalz 1410-1436
• Ludwig IV., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1436-1449
• Friedrich I.the victorious one, cure princeof the Pfalz 1452-1476
• Philipp the sincere one, cure prince by the Pfalz 1476-1508
• Ludwig V., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1508-1544
• Friedrich II., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1544-1556
• Ottheinrich, cure prince of the Pfalz 1556-1559
• Friedrich III., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1559-1576
• Ludwig VI., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1576-1583
• Friedrich IV., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1583-1610
• Friedrich V., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1610-1623

between 1623 and 1649 lost the Pfalz to the Bavarian duke Maximilian I.

• Karl I. Ludwig, Kurfürst ofthe Pfalz 1649-1680
• Karl II., Cure prince of the Pfalz 1680-1685
• Philipp William, cure prince of the Pfalz 1685-1690
• Johann William, cure prince by the Pfalz 1690-1716
• Karl III. Philipp, cure prince by the Pfalz 1716-1742
• Karl IV. Philipp Theodor, cure prince of the Pfalz1743-1777, 1777-1799 cure prince by Bavaria

literature

• my wheel Schaab: History of the Kurpfalz. Kohl hammer, Stuttgart
  • 1. - The Middle Ages. 1999, ISBN 3-17-015673-X
  • 2. - Modern times. 1992, ISBN 3-17-009877-2
• Armin Kohnle: Small history of the Kurpfalz. 2005, ISBN 3-7650-8329-1, G.Braun publishing house, Karlsruhe

Web on the left of

• Historical map of the Kurpfalz
• historical overview, source: Center for instruction media
• scientific oriented Website for the history of the Kurpfalz
• DPSG district Kurpfalz
• history and architecture of the Kurpfalz
• map: Central area of the Kurpfalz: The lower Pfalz before the dreissigjährigen war: Historical maps (house of Bavarian history)