Langerhans islands
the langerhansschen islands are cell agglomerates in the pancreas (Pankreas), which register both the height of the blood sugar and make the insulin payment as well as produce such. They were discovered 1869 by the German physician Paul Langerhans (1847 - 1888) and laterafter it designated. They belong to the Endokrinen system.
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structure and function
altogether forming the island cells up to two per cent of the mass of the Pankreas; a healthy adult hasabout one million of these cells. Each “island” has a diameter from 0,2 to 0.5 mm.
65 to 80% of the cells is insulin producing beta cells. Their tasks are:
- Register the blood sugar height
- synthesizing the insulin and its supply in Vakuole
- delivery of the insulin on the “message” thatin addition there are registering cells
into the blood the Glucagon producing alpha cells (15-20%), Somatostatin producing delta cells (3-10%) and Polypeptide containing PP-cells.
Until recently Langerhans cell structures were not considered as divisionable, whereby this opinion had to be revised however again, since one could determine slight reproductibility,is however obviously by the complex structure of the different cells retarded.
Glukagon
- Alphazellen ==> insulin
- Betazellen ==> Somatostatin
- Deltazellen ==> [
Transplantation
as with every other fabric one attempts also undertook to transplantieren island cells . Here one encounters however the same repulsion reactions, as these alsowith other fabrics to find are.Cyclosporin and other medicines work liver - and kidney-toxically, so that by the income of these medicines already after approximately. To 10 years beside the Inselzelltransplantation also a Nierentransplantation forthcoming is. In view of the experience of Langzeitdiabetikern, with syringe and/or.Pump up to its end of life after a 40-jährigen diabetes career freely from late damage from the life to separate is disproportionately high this risk.
The Inselzelltransplantation remains reserving thus only persons, who already received a new kidney. Thus it comes that it in Germany straighttimes a hand fully Diabetiker gives, which received a Inselzelltransplantation.
The Transplantation usually no more becomes the whole Pankreas - organ transplants, but only the island cells, which are won by a special washing procedure. This protects against the risk that the transplanted organ if necessary. itselfeven and/or. other belly organs destroys. The island cells are injected at the most meaningful into the Pfortader of the liver, since the blood sugar arrives earliest after the absorption by the intestine wall there and there most effectively can work it.
Through the separate ion procedure go approx. 75% of the island cellslost, so that one (so empiric reports of the Marburger the medical profession in October 2002 with a lecture) must have the island cells of at least 2 persons. After the Transplantation are the Transplantierten no more on insulin dependent, must however on the fact count that the island cell fabric after 1-4 years(on average 3 years) again is lost. The life span of the kidney transplanted at the same time amounts to on average 10 years. The substantially shorter life span of the island cells actual as with one for increased output stimulated organ to expect - on the overloading back to lead, possibly also updecreased “nourishing possibilities” of the cells and on not completely capable of being turned off autoimmune processes. The proven C-Peptid amounts to however with the Transplantierten directly after the operation only 50% of the sum, which is to be found when recovering.
see also
insulin -- Glukagon -- Insulinom -- Pankreas
literature
- Fiedel, N.: Paralektikon of which is outline and attempt of a pedantic history of the plant and environment of the Langerhans' Insulae. Gustav Fischer publishing house, Stuttgart and New York, 1984, ISBN 3-437-10951-0 (as per. Publishing house reproduction of the expenditure of 1793)
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