Latin

Latin (Lingua latina)
Spoken in:	Vatikan city
Speaker:	Only as secondary language
Linguistic one Classification:	Indogermanisch Italisch Latin '
Official status
Office language in:	Vatikan state
Language code
ISO 639-1:	la
ISO 639-2:	lat
SIL:	LTN

As Latin and/or. Latin (lat. lingua Latina: "latin language") one designates those Language, originally of the race the that Latiner one spoke, the inhabitant of Latium with Rome as center.

Within that indogermanischen languages belongs latin to the group to that italischen languages. It formed the basis for all today's Roman languages.

1 Development
2 Antique one
3 Present
4 Reference lists
5 See also
6 Web on the left of

Development

Oldest delivered Latin text

Originally in Rome and the surrounding area (Latium) spoken, latin was informed later at human High Schools. Beside Greek latin was the office language of the Roman realm. Because of that cultural Superiority of the east lost it thereby occasionally in North Africa and even in Rome its primacy. Like that was those Liturgiesprache the Roman Christians to over 300 the Greek. In this time many Greek penetrated Leaning words in latin.

During that Late ancient times different people languages began themselves, from those in The Middle Ages those Roman languages to develop should, to away-develop phonetically and grammatically from latin high-level language. But still in 6. Century developed high-linguistic latin works. In the eastRoman realm was latin in the early 7. Century beside Greek one of the two office languages.

In the west transferred the Teutons with the basic elements of the lateRoman administration also latin language, in the administration into the early modern times remained prevailing. Since that People migration and that Christianisierung (first mostly arianischen) Teuton peoples latin in the west of the earlier Roman realm and in the Roman-catholic subsequent states the language became of the Klerus (Church latin), that Jurisprudence (Glossatoren) and the forming Universities (studia generalia). It formed thus those Writing language, particularly for the church and lay Document nature (Diplomatik) in the early Europe.

In international-law Contracts (z. B. in Westfaeli peace of 1648) latin into that dominated 17. Century inside. It still forms to in 20 Century that Affix supply for the subjectterminology into that Sciences and loses by the progressive absorption into those English and other languages only at more direct, not however at indirect meaning. It is informed still at many schools.

Antique one

Antique way of writing

Latin language originally became as scriptio continua, D. h. as connected river of indications without gaps written. Also punctuation marks and small letters became in that Antique one does not use. On wax boards little place was to the letter, and Papyrus was expensive. Those antique latin texts are difficult for us today therefore to read.

The following example compares:

Old way of writing:

AVREAPRIMASATAESTAETASQVAEVINDICENVLLO SPONTESVASINELEGEFIDEMRECTVMQVECOLEBAT POENAMETVSQVEABERANTNECVERBAMINANTIAFIXO AERELEGEBANTVRNECSVPPLEXTVRBATIMEBAT IVDICISORASVISEDERANTSINEVINDICETVTI NONDVMCAESASVISPEREGRINVMVTVISERETORBEM MONTIBVSINLIQVIDASPINVSDESCENDERATVNDAS NONDVMPRAECIPITESCINGEBANTOPPIDAFOSSAE NVLLAQVEMORTALESPRAETERSVALITORANORANT NONTVBADIRECTINONAERISCORNVAFLEXI NONGALEAENONENSISERANTSINEMILITISVSV MOLLIASECVRAEPERAGEBANTOTIAGENTES

Today's way of writing:

Aurea great sata est aetas, quae vindice nullo,
sponte sua, sine puts rectumque to fidem colebat.
poena metusque aberant nec verbs minantia fixo aere legebantur, nec supplex turba time-asked iudicis ora sui, sed sine vindice erant tuti.
nondum caesa suis, peregrinum ut viseret orbem,
montibus in liquidas pinus descenderat undas,
nullaque mortales more praeter sua litora norant.
nondum praecipites cingebant oppida fossae,
non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,
non galeae, non ensis erant: sine militis usu mollia securae peragebant otia towards width unit.

Excerpt out Ovids Metamorphosis: Those Creation (the golden age)

Details to the used letters are in the article Latin alphabet. See to this topic also: Palaeografie (there Latin Palaeografie), Capitalis, Versalschrift and Majuskel.

Antique discussion

On those antique discussion of latin language becomes in the article Latin discussion been received.

Literature

With Antique literature of latin u concerns itself. a. the article Latin literature.

Present

Also today latin still is at many High Schools to find all fields. For instance a third of all high school students in the German linguistic area learns latin as the first, second or third Foreign language. On human High Schools becomes latin, beside that Greek one, still another lifted out meaning measured out, which aimed in former times at an active control of latin.

Also today still that becomes actual for numerous courses of studies Latinum or latin knowledge demanded, in particular in numerous spirit-scientific Subjects. The Latinum is as condition for study for the fan Medicine and Law as far as possible abolished, frequently however not in subjects how Anglistik, Philosophy or even Music sciences.

Independently of the study requirements by proponents of latin one stresses, that learning latin language further basis for the correct use of Foreign words is, learning other Roman languages substantially facilitates and substantial TransferEffects for the thinking training would arise. Translating Latin texts promotes logical thinking due to the substantial complexity of many Latin sentences also. By the opponents is to be heard however, that the argument with each kind of Grammar, all the same which language, structured thinking promotes, and that learning more modern Roman languages, which are still used contrary to latin, is at least just as well to it suitable, to use numerous latin the leaning words in German correctly and to learn other Roman languages. Indeed are many totalRoman, thus in all Roman languages arising words in classical latin available and do not have again to be learned then: guerra "war", testa "head", cavallo "horse", mangiare/more manger "eat", and acres * "go", boc(c)a/bouche "mouth", blanco/blanc "knows", the directions etc.. Many of these words explain themselves from that colloquial or late latin or originate from the soldier language, thus from Varietaeten, in the school not to be taught.

From German and US-American investigations follows, that between completed latin instruction and the control of the English language in writing and above all word a significant Correlation exists. A causal connection was not proven however - possibly a high linguistic gift of a child more probably makes the choice as with difficulty valid latin.

There also in modern latin instruction language production clearly the rezeption (readunderstand) subordinated is, believe many, Latin falls humans with pronounced gift for Mathematics and formal thinking procedures generally more easily than others Foreign languages, whereas humans with pronounced gift for intuitive learning of languages would find other foreign languages easier. This connection cannot be verified however frequently: The experience shows, that the pupil achievements in latin predominantly hand in hand with those in the native language and other foreign languages go.

Modern latin

Also today German latin becomes Encyclopedias due to again latin of word property given change, z. B. "lexicon the auxiliare" or of Vatikan published "lexicon recentis latinitatis", which only in the year 2004 a revision experienced. That Finnish Broadcasting station YLE (Yleisradio) spreads week message in again-Latin language. Radio Bremen published regularly the Nuntii Latini in written and spoken version. Since April 2004 published also the German-language editorship Radio Vatikan Message on Latin. It concerns originally German messages. Gero P. Pointing head translates it for the editorship into latin. Much is also latin version likes to that AsterixComics, those the German Altphilologe Count v. Rothenburg (Rubricastellanus) wrote.

The author Nikolaus large, vocationally since ten years GermanLector in that South Korean Capital, 2004 have a completely latinisierte transmission of Patrick Sueskinds The Parfum in Brussels publishing house the that Fundatio Melissa, a supraregional association for the care of spoken latin, published. The book is more updated with the "Glossarium Fragrantiae" a larger list New creations added. From the same wortartisten of kind ofword exists to a further book concerning the baron Mynchusanus (Muenchhausen). 2003 the first part appeared already that Harry PotterBooks of J. K. Rowling on latin (Harrius Potter Philosophi Lapis et). Besides there are still many further translations of "classical" works to latin, so for example Karl May Winnetou III, or The small prince (Regulus) of St. Exupéry.

By that InterNet the availability of old Latin texts as well as developing new Latin texts were substantially favoured. In the meantime there is even latin versions of Popsongs. Besides also new Popsongs in Latin language develops, about Cursum Perficio, sung of Enya, Liberatio, one of many latin music pieces of the group "Krypteria", or at groups that Dark Wave and/or. Gothic (Youth culture). Roma Ryan has beside Cursum Perficio for Enya still further Songs in Latin language writes. In InterNet forums how Grex Latine Loquentium communicates participant from many countries exclusive in latin.

In the classical and/or neoclassical music latin finds use likewise. So for instance the Netherlands composer has Nicholas Lens on its work Flamma Flamma latin Libretto toned, for its work Terra Terra Lens wrote a libretto in Latin language. To forget also the numerous vertonungen of Latin poems are not such as z. B. of January Novák. Carl Orff supported texts in latin or Greek for several of his vowel compositions. Igor Strawinski diminished Sophokles of Jean Cocteau in French verses libretto wrote too "Oedipus Rex " of Jean Daniélou into latin translate.

The text book Lingua Latina by SE illustrata of the Danish Author Hans H. Ørberg so far mainly the einsprachige teaching method used for instruction in modern languages transferred to old-linguistic instruction. That Text book enjoys in different countries of rising popularity.

Latin in the sciences

In that Biology takes place the name forming of the scientific names Latin and Greek, whereby newer suggestions plan, to infer the rules only from latin language. In that Medicine are those anatomical technical terms Latin, for the individual organs additionally also latinisiertes becomes Greek used. The descriptions of disease are derived from the Greek one. Numerous one Proverbs have latin an origin and partly also in the German translation winged words became. In the jurisprudence different latin of theorems and technical terms exist (Latin in the right). Also in that Science of history above all latin plays further a large role. In that Meteorology becomes latin terms in that Cloud classification begun.

Latin in the catholic church

Latin is apart from Italian those Office language of the Vatikan state. Those catholic church publishes all official texts of world-church importance in latin. That applies to those liturgical Books, that Katechismus, the Codex of the canonical right as well as the papal legislation (canones, decretales) and circulars (Enzykliken). Up to second Vatikani council (1962-1965) latin was the official service language and is this (loud Sacrosanctum Concilium) officially still today, whereby other languages are however also permitted. Only very few services in latin are kept actual. The Pope officiating at present Benedikt XVI. preferred with its fairs however latin to the Italian.

See also: Latin church