Leo Perutz
Leo Perutz, actually Leopold Perutz, (* 2. November 1882 in Prague; † 25. August 1957 in bath Ischl) was a Austrian writer.
lives
family
Perutz was the oldest son of BenediktPerutz, a successful textile entrepreneur, and its Mrs. Emilie (geb. Austrian). The family resided far away from Prague, Jewish-Spanish descent and for at least 1730 in Rakonitz, a town something 50 km. The family was however to a large extent secularized Jewish faith, andonly little religiously. Beside Leo it gave still three younger brothers and sisters, the brothers Paul (*1885) and Hans (*1892) and the sister Charlotte (*1888).
1888 - 1904: Training and army time
Perutz was no good pupil. From 1888 to1893 it visited the outstanding Piaristenschule in the Prager new city, then k.k. German state High School in Prague, by which it was probably referred because of bad amounting to 1899. From 1899 to 1901 it visited k.k. High School in Krumau, butits achievements were so bad also here that it did not become certified the Matura. 1901 drew the family to Vienna, where Perutz k.k. Erzherzog Rainer High School visited, which it however 1902 without conclusion left. In the connection he probably worked for someTime in the company of its father.
Starting from 1. It carried its military service for October out 1903 as a one year's einjährig-Freiwilliger with k.k. Land military regiment Nr.8 Prague. At the end of the service the one year's einjährig-Freiwilligen were under the condition that to reserve officers existed them the final examination. This does not seem with Perutzthe case to have been, because it committed itself for a second year. For health reasons it separated in December 1904 in the rank of a Korporals from the army.
1904 - 1907: Study and literary beginnings
inthe following year worked Perutz probably again as an employee in the company of its father. For the winter semester 1905/06 it wrote itself at the University of Vienna at the philosophical faculty, however as a “extraordinary listener”, since it did not have the university-level graduation.It occupied meetings in mathematics and political economy. To the winter semester 1906/07 it changed to the technical university Vienna and concerned themselves with probability calculation, statistics, actuarial science and national economy. Although it was formally actually not possible, Perutz seems there a conclusion in actuarial scienceto have made, anyhow documents in its deduction, which point on that, were.
In Vienna contacts developed to beginning writers, who spoke like Perutz in the association “free light” first literary attempts. To its acquaintance from this time smelling pool of broadcasting corporations A. belonged.Bermann (the late under the alias Arnold Höllriegel admits became, Berthold quarter and Ernst Weiss. An influential literary model was Karl Kraus its torch/flare booklets Perutz regularly read. A first Prosaskizze appeared in February 1906 in the magazine the way, a novella in March 1907 in the Sundays time.
1907 - 1915: Actuarial science and Café
in October 1907 found an employment to Perutz as an actuary with the Assicurazioni Generali (for this society was also Franz Kafka actively) in Triest. Beside the work it published further reviews and narrations. In October 1908 it went back to Vienna, where it was active until 1923 for the itself company anchor. As an actuary it computed and others Mortality tables and on it basedInsurance sets. To this topic it published also in technical periodicals. The Perutz balance formula designated after it was used still longer time in the industry. Its life long should be interested Perutz in mathematical problems, which itself also in the construction of someits literary works struck down.
In Vienna Perutz frequented the literary Cafés, at the beginning of the Café museum, then the Café cent ral. To its circle of acquaintances belonged among other things Peter Altenberg, Hermann Bahr, Oskar Kokoschka and Alfred. In thatTime before the First World War participated Perutz intensively in the literary and musical life of Vienna, drove beside it also much sport such as ski driving and ice skate run and made several journeys, among other things to France, Italy, Spain, North Africa, Turkey, Lebanon, Palestine andEgypt. This life-style comparatively aufwändigen for an employee it could afford, since it referred Einnahmen apart from its content also from the successful paternal company.
1915 - 1918: First successes and war
1915 Perutz' first novel appeared The third ball, 1916 a second novel, the Mangobaumwunder, which it had written together with Paul Frank. Both books were quite successful, and the third ball became among other things discussed by briefly Tucholsky positively. The film rights at the Mangobaumwunder could 1917 to be sold, the filming under the direction of Rudolph Biebrach became 1921 under the title the adventure of the Dr. Kircheisen uraufgeführt.
Perutz was not drug along 1914 by the enthusiasm for war, which seized also many writers. At first it became because of itsMyopia not yet drawn in. In August 1915 however also it had to begin the war service. It completed four-month training in close proximity to Budapest, by where out it was sent at the end of March 1916 to the Russian front. To 4. Julyit suffered close Chochoniow a lung shot, which entailed a long stay in the military hospital in Galizien. Afterwards to it it was promoted to second lieutenant and used starting from August 1917 in the war press accomodation, where it made the acquaintance of Egon Erwin Kisch.In March 1918 Perutz married the 13 years younger IDA because, which he already 1913 know had learned and with which he since 1917 was engaged.
1918 - 1928: Success
in Vienna pursued Perutz the revolutionary eventsfrom 1918/19 with interest and visited political meetings, whereby he took a party for the Social Democrats. In this time it published also several articles, in which it attacked the Austrian military law sharply. Occasionally it belonged to the worker advice in the anchor insurance.
The time between 1918 and 1928 was Perutz' literarily most productive period. It wrote six at criticism and public usually very successful novels; from several it could sell also the film rights. Besides it published narrations, novellas and wrote film scripts. Occasionally workedit besides as an editor of some works Victor Hugos. 1923 succeeded to Perutz with the novel of the masters of the youngest daily a large success with public and criticism; the work should in the following years translated into many languages and tooa not unimportant pecuniary resource for the exile years become. 1928 appeared its novel where roll you, Äpfelchen… in continuations in the citizens of Berlin pictorial newspaper and announced Perutz a million-public.
Perutz' circle of acquaintances extended by these successes substantially. To the writers,with which it operated or letter contact had, belonged in this time Bertolt break, to Bruno Brehm, Theodor shopkeeper, Anton cow, Robert Musil, Friedrich strain Malleczewen, Alexander Roda Roda, Josef Weinheber and Franz Werfel. ItsStammcafé was the Café gentleman yard. In the rear area it had there its own table, at which it played maps and where it in all other respects admits for its often malicious, sometimes also violent appearances was. Thus it came there alsoto the eclat opposite the likewise to malicious appearances bending Otto Soyka (see. in addition Friedrich of gate mountain “aunt Jolesch”).
Perutz' marriage was lucky. IDA and Leo Perutz lived starting from 1922 in a Vierzimmerwohnung in the district when suppl. approximately in the porcelain lane 37, close of the Liechtenstein park. 1920 were born the daughter Michaela, 1922 a second daughter, Leonore. Briefly after the birth of the son Felix died 1928 Perutz' Mrs. Ida, which fell him into a deep crisis.
1928 - 1933: Crisis andRetreat
after the death of its wife withdrew itself Perutz for longer time from the public life. It visited Okkultisten, with whose assistance it tried, with his dead Mrs. Kontakt to take up - whereby it such methods at the same time further scepticallyfaced. The economic crisis starting from end of the 1920er years diminished also Perutz' of an income, since on the one hand the incomes from book sales decreased/went back and on the other hand also its brothers led company no more did not throw off the earlier profits.
Literarily he tried into earn this time by co-operation with authors such as Alexander learn Holenia money. In addition came plays, which it wrote together with more or less success usually with Ko-authors. 1933 appeared in Germany still Perutz' novel pc. Petri snow, howeverafter the seizure of power of the national socialists to be there hardly still driven out could. Perutz did not stand on the list of the forbidden authors, its publishing house Zsolnay however was considered as Jewish and could not its books any longer to Germany deliver. For Perutzthus its most important market disappeared.
1934 - 1945: Exile and stop
1934 became acquainted with Perutz Grete Humburger, which it married 1935. After the connection of Austria Perutz with its family fled only after Venice, followed from there Haifa and established itself finally in Tel Aviv . Perutz would have preferred the exile in a European country or also in the USA. However the immigration conditions there were difficult to fulfill, to which still it came that his brother Hans, more convincingly Zionist, on which it depended economically strongly, its company to Tel Aviv had already shifted and on it pushed that Perutz followed it there.
In Palestine Perutz did at the beginning very heavily. It did not only miss the cultural life,it had also for the Zionismus few sympathies, was hardly religious. It lived itself nevertheless after short time well in, to which probably also it contributed that he had to suffer hardly economic concerns. The modern, chaotic and hot Tel Aviv saidit a little too, so that the family in the consequence spent above all the summer months in the cooler Jerusalem, whose old part of town with its close lanes estimated Perutz much.
Of publications was not to be thought in Palestine for Perutz. With exile magazines andthe federations of the Exilanten it did not have a contact. Also with the few German-speaking authors, those had emigrated to Palestine - for example max of Brod and Arnold branch - remained the points of contact small. Starting from 1941, by switching of to Argentina emigrated appearedAcquaintance and supports by Jorge Luis Borges, some books of Perutz in Spanish. It wrote only few in this time, although it operated searches for some older projects further.
1945 - 1957: Between two States of
Perutzthe nationality of Palestine had accepted 1940 (whereby it the language test only straight in such a way mastered). Soon after 1945 it thought of the return to Europe, which was however not possible in confusions of the post-war period. In addition it came that itself Perutz inits advanced age it was not safe whether he could master this however times local change. For the establishment of the State of Israel it felt there increasing uneasy. It rejected each nationalism, and driving the Arabs out by the Jews was it not only contrary, but also the estimated eastern atmosphere of the country destroyed it for it. In addition came the post office censorship and the departure prohibition, which imposed the new government. 1950 succeeded it to Perutz and its wife nevertheless for the first time to Austria andto travel also to England. It led the chicaneries, the married couple was exposed to which after the return to Israel, to the fact that Perutz with the next attendance, 1951, which accepted Austrian nationality again. In the following years he always spent the summer months inVienna and in the salt chamber property.
The literary new start became difficult. Perutz had to write again thereby begun, could however at first no publisher find. It was particularly problematic that a still existing Antisemitismus led to the fact that publishers eitherall too “Jewish” passages from its works shortened or, out of “consideration for the market”, these not to publish did not want. When 1953 appeared finally Perutz' at night today most famous novel under the stone bridge, there were many positive reviews, however the publishing house madeshortly thereafter failure and the book could not be sold. A second new novel, the Judas of the Leonardo, appeared only short after its death. 1957 died Perutz in bath Ischl.
to the work
Jorge Luis Borges estimatedPerutz' literary work, and supported the publication of a Spanish translation in Argentina. Distinguished in France its work 1962 with the Prix NOC-do gymnastics.
Perutz' work was compared with the Friedrich Duerrenmatt. Its binding novels often follow the fate ofParticular. Besides Perutz of novels often contain an element of the fantastic one and are often settled in the past. The action is told and by numerous allusions, irony and confusing, contradicting interpretations of the events spielerisch is usually advanced excitingly. A centralMotive is the question “what is material? ”, whereby competitive versions, frequently a I storyteller and a those for the environment, stand themselves opposite, without could be decided, which version “the actual” events correspond.
works
of novelsand plays
- the third ball (1915)
- the Mangobaumwunder. An improbable history (1916) (together with Paul Frank)
- between nine and nine (1918)
- the field courts and the people's court (anonymous writing against the military law in the 1. World war, 1919)
- the hotel to Kartät. OneHistory from old Austria (1920)
- the Marques de Bolibar (1920)
- the birth anti-Christian (1921)
- the master of the youngest daily (1923)
- Turlupin (1924)
- the Kosak and the nightingale (1927 or 1928) (together with Paul Frank)
- where roll you, Äpfelchen… (1928)
- The journey after press castle (play, 1930 premiere in Josephstadt, direction Emil Geyer)
- gentleman, pities you my (1930) (novellas)
- pc. Petri snow (1933)
- morning is holiday (comedy, together with Hans's eagle and Paul Frank, 1935 premiere in the German folk theatre)
- thatSwedish riders (1936)
- why you do not believe me? (1936) (comedy, together with Paul Frank)
- at night under the stone bridge. A novel from old Prague. (1953)
- The Judas of the Leonardo (posthum, 1959)
- Main eight in Vienna (1996) (fragments from the deduction)
working on
- Victor Hugo: Quatrevingt treize (1925, the year of the Guillotine, together with Oswald Levett)
- Victor Hugo: Nose Jargal (1929, flames on San Domingo, together with Oswald Levett)
filmings
- the adventure of the Dr. Kircheisen (1921)
- The Marquis of Bolivar (1922)
- the birth anti-Christian (1922)
- Bolibar (1929)
- the Kosak and the nightingale (1935)
- Historia de una noche (1941)
- Ceniza aluminium viento (1942)
- Historia de una noche (1963)
- the master of the youngest daily (1990)
- Tyro (1990)
- Pc. Petri snow (1991)
literature
- of olive Stangl: “The master of the youngest daily. Investigations for the radio play adaptation of a novel of Leo Perutz ", Vienna 2005 the work in on-line catalog of the University of Vienna
- Brigitte Forster and Hans Harald Mueller (Hrsg.): Jerky one Dreams, abgründige constructions, Vienna 2002
- Ulrike they farmer: Leo Perutz - I know everything. Everything, not me, Gerlingen 2000
- Hans Harald Mueller: Leo Perutz, Munich 1992
- Michael almond physician: Poetik and Historik. Christian and Jewish historical theology in the novelsof Leo Perutz, Tübingen 1992 table of contents and Abstract
- Dietrich new house: Memory and fright, Frankfurt/Main 1984
Web on the left of
- {{#if:
| | * Literature of and over Leo Perutz in the catalog of the DDB
}}
- bibliographyin on-line catalog of the state library to Berlin
- Bibliografie
- Biografie and Bibliografie to 2000
| person data | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Perutz, Leopold |
| ALTERNATIVE NAME | Leo Perutz |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | of Austrian writers |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 2. November 1882 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Prague, Tschechien |
| DYING DATE | 25. August 1957 |
| DYING PLACE | bath Ischl, Austria |
