Light

Light the part is that within the range of approximately 380-780 nanometers (Nm) . The different sensitivity of pigment molecules (blue, green yellow, orange) in different Sehzapfenarten and staebchen of the human eye for different wavelengths (V(?) curve) topic is that Fotometrie. While the Sehzapfen is responsible for color seeing, registers the Sehstaebchen in the retina with that RetinalMolecules under RhodopsinSplitting off PhotonsCapture luminous intensity.

If electrons of the higher energy level jump on a lower energy level, will emitted photons, these can by humans as light be noticed (Luminescence). Usually the energy becomes with back traps on the lower level however than kinetic energy or thermal energy (Infrared radiation) delivered. With that Autotrophen Organisms the freed amount of energy in chemical compounds is bound (see Photosynthesis).

Those Color effect physiological seeing results from those Absorption individual wavelengths by an organic or inorganic coloring material, or by the diffraction of the white light at a crystal lattice. If certain wavelengths are absorbed, the color impression develops from remains wavelength (Complementary color). A green sheet absorbed therefore not in the wavelength coverage "green" separate within the complementary range "red" (680 Nm) and "blue" (430 Nm). See for this .

organic coloring materials can the delokalsierten pi electron systems by frequencies within the visible range on a higher level be lifted. Thus become depending upon certain wavelengths absorbs.

inorganic coloring materials become lively electrons from the D-orbitals into D-orbital lain energetically more highly (Ligand field theory) or they change their position between Zentralion and Ligand within a complex (Load transfer complexes). See for this: Complex chemistry.

The light occurring in the environment is more different a mixture . By Diffraction grating or Prism one can do this polychromatische Light in monochromatic Light (light of a wavelength) divide. Everyone this monochromatic Light components a specific human color impression, the in such a way specified corresponds or colors of the rainbow. In the order more increasingly one finds:

Light 400-700 Nm reference: At the computer screen only an impression very limited by the chromatic spectrum of the light can be made (this picture), since this can represent only three basic colours and their overlays. Particularly in the internmediate tones and with the transition to the infrared/ultraviolet the display technology pushes to its borders.

The transitions between colors are flowing, the personal color impression of individually designatable countable colors are subjective and to language, tradition as well as thinking due. The words for colors, occurring in different languages (original), occupy these Subjectivity.

The particulars Color gamuts contained different in each case colours. Like that is that Intermediate range between blue and green for instance with Tuerkis or Cyanogen to designate. Other noticed colors (for example Brown) arise in the case of light, in which several wavelengths occur (additives color blending) or through subtraktive color blending out filtered white light.

Electromagnetic radiation beyond the human border of the visibility with higher frequency and/or. becomes lower wavelength than violet up to a certain frequency than Ultraviolet or UV radiation designated; such with lower frequency and/or. higher wavelength as red up to a certain wavelength than Infrared radiation. The range of the visible light with animals deviates partially substantially from human seeing.

Beside that and/or color is still light by those Coherency, Interference and those Polarization and further measurable parameters characterizes.

One of the main sources of the light is the sun. Artificial sources of light are for example lamps, fluorescent tubes, light emitting diodes, lasers and chemical light. Limits translucent (not transparent) articles also as "opaque" or "opak" are designated. The degree of the light permeability is then called degree of the "opacity".

Light is described in the explaining model as wave or alternatively as river of . This Wave particle dualism the light extracts itself from a closed interpretation, is however in the framework that Quantum physics mathematically precisely recordably. Light particles become as designates. They do not possess and move in always with speed of light.

Light in the society

Light is, how for the Sozialisation of individuals in the group. A lack of intelligence becomes with more mental Darkness equated.

Light in the open air

Light in the open air has Darkness an auxiliary function for those terrestrial navigation (pedestrian, driver), as optical or for Decoration- and advertising purposes. It counts as in to that Immissions i.S. the federal immission control law (BImSchG) (). Light immissions of lighting systems can disturb the living and sleep need of humans and animals substantially and obstruct also technical processes. Are accordingly in sucked. "Light guideline"that Countries ( and/or. Immission control authorities the countries (Germany). Negative effects concern those (Navigation Night, physiological glare z. B. by wrongly adjusted headlights or by surface lighting beside roads). Influences on the animal world (z. B. Tighten more night-actively Insects, disturbance of the bird flight with migratory birds) and the general clarification that (Light contamination, z. B. impossible astronomical observation due to Dispersion the lamp light in the atmosphere of the night sky).

Proof

Light can most simply with that to be proven, or with different instruments by optical Detectors, how photographic film or with special Radiation detectors or Sensors or indirectly by chemical or biological processes like those or those Photolysis or by physical Vorgaennge, how Fluorescence or photoLuminescence. Sensors contain usually Semiconductor detectors, which convert light into electrical tension. Complex sensors (LINE array/ Line sensors and matrix array/ Surface sensors), also in Scanners and Digital cameras as photograph element serve.

Sizes and units

• Light-current (Lumen)
• Quantity of light (lumen customer)
• Luminous intensity ( (Lj/ly)

See also

• Reflection (physics), , Absorption (physics), Polarization, ,
• one (open light; green light give, which flickered background lighting)
• Polychromati light
• Vague light
• Natural light
• Polarized light
• Light on the day
• Marfa lights, unusual optical phenomena
• North light
• First light, astronomy
• Tscherenkow light
• Daylight
• Gloss light
• Color of light
• Light signal
• Promotion community of property light
• More lights

Literature

• : Over the production and conversion of the light heuristic criterion concerned.", Annals of physics, 1905, pages 132-148 (with this contribution Einstein the wave particle dualism of the light justified)
• Klaus Hentschel: Einstein and the light quantum hypothesis. Scientific round rundschau 58(6), S. 311 - 319 (2005), ISSN 0028-1050
• Thomas Walther, Herbert Walther: What is light? From the classical optics to quantum optics, publishing house C.H.Beck, Munich, 1999, ISBN 3-406-44722-8
• Sidney Perkowitz: A short history of the light. The study of a Mysteriums, German paperbacks publishing house, from the American one translates of Hainer Kober, Munich, 1998, ISBN 3-423-33020-1, amerik. Expenditure for original New York, 1996, ISBN 0-8050-3211-8

Web on the left of

Material video (from the television broadcast Alpha Centauri):

• What was the ether?
• Does light become tired?
• What is light?
• Proofs about light
• Info. LINE light planning - on-line encyclopedia with basic knowledge, examples, dates, addresses, etc..