Optical microscope
That Optical microscope is in Microscope, the one object by optical illustration also Lenses increased.
Of the object the coming becomes by a combination of at least two lens systems, that
During the Koehler lighting the collector forms the source of light off and at the same time into the aperture diaphragm the condensor lens the annunciator screen into the object.
The wavelength of light limits after the laws that those Dissolution the optical microscope on approximately 0.3 micrometers:
- That English article about diffraction ' diffraction ' is very detailed, but very formellastig.
- Superposition principle helps with the bases
- Wave optics and Huygenssches_Prinzip are very general
- These articles do not contain an explanation: Numeric aperture,Spy satellite,Dissolution (photography),Diffraction grating
- The article to Confocal microscope essentially doubtful, because of a ' much ' better dissolution one speaks, not even guide is as in the other articles is supplied.
For the increase of the dissolution either UV light can be used, or between object and objective becomes given (Oil immersion microscope), whereby the microscope becomes also brighter.
 View by the microscope with blue light - lines become to 0,4 Micrometer dissolved |
 With red light the lines are dissolved only to 0.5 micrometers |
That Jenaer Physicist Ernst Abbe compiled substantial scientific bases to the building of microscopes and produced together with Carl Zeiss Microscopes in its optical workshops.
History of the microscope
It is not possible to commit itself concretely to a "inventor" of the microscope. The Netherlands Brillenmacher Hans Janssen and its son Zacharias Janssen are regarded frequently as the inventors of the first compound microscope in the year 1590. This is based however on an explanation of Zacharias Janssen from the center 17. Century. To the date is to be trusted however not completely, when Zacharias Janssen was born only 1590. Another favorite for the title "inventor of the microscope" was . It developed that occhiolino or compound microscope with a convex and a concave lens in the year 1609. Galileis microscope was celebrated by the "academy of the luchse", which were created in the year 1603 by Federico Cesi. Francesco Stellutis (member in the academy of the luchse) design of three bees, which developed with the help of the microscope, were part of the family coat of arms of Pope Urban VIII. Stelluti wrote in a banner above the insect design: „For Urban VIII. Pontifex Optimus Maximus..... from the academy of the luchse, and in eternal admiration we dedicate this symbol to you“. (see (speak: Lee u hen huk) (1632-1723) generally is honoured the microscopy for biology to have opened. Simple vergroesserungslinsen were however already in 16. Century admits, and the principle of the enlargement by water filled glass bowls was already described by the Romans (Seneca). Leeuwenhoek was however brilliant in accurate sharpening of smallest lenses. Its simple in lens microscopes were to be used unmanageably, but since it micro-copied only with a lens, he could discover smallest structures, which were not representable up to then in multi-lens systems with accumulating lens abberations. Thus Leeuwenhoek discovered the first "Animalkulen", D.h. single-cell bacteria and Protozoen. It took actually 160 years, before the compound microscope produced the same illustration quality, like Leeuwenhoeks simple microscope. Although Leeuwenhoek was tremendously important thus with the discovery of Kleinstlebewesen and as large Mikroskopiker, he was against frequent opinion in no case of the inventors of the microscope.(see also: de Kruif, P. 1926. Microbe Hunters. Harcourt Brace & CO., Orlando.)
See also
Web on the left of
Optical Microscopy primer: Extensive Tutorial with virtual microscopes (English) </br> Microscopy for beginners: Easily understandable introduction (German)
