Coin
| This article is occupied with the coin as currency, further meanings under |
One Coin (v. moneta) a usually round is, made of metal coined/shaped (more rarely also ) .
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Reason for the Muenzgebrauch
Coins had, because them out were coined/shaped, opposite that a higher . The reason lies in the fact that the value of the precious metal only by those Scarceness as well as through Supply and demand affected was, not however lying as with goods by in the commodity Value purge. (a roll is ungeniessbar after some time, piece precious metal changes its characteristics by bare nothing doing however only insignificantly).
History of the coined money
The first coins became about 2000 v. Chr. in the Mediterranean area uses. It negotiated itself thereby around domestic animal miniatures . The fact that the coins spread in the future very fast might be justified above all in the fact that the exchanges, which were up to then transacted, were only very inaccurate and particularly to the deception almost invited. Coins however facilitated the trade substantially. They had the advantage, always same size to possess and instead of weighed to be counted to be able same weight and same appearance.
The first coins became of that Lydern in the west of today's Turkey between 650 and approx.. 620 v. Chr. as currencies given change and under king Alyattes out struck. It concerned klumpenfoermige, natural electronNuggets, which the royal carried. Figurative representations on coins came around 620 v. Chr. up. Afterwards coins in gold in different sizes and values followed, in order to simplify the payment from mercenaries to. In addition became gold-deaf from certain quantity to Coins provide merged and with a embossing picture of the king. The last Lyderkoenig arrived in such a way into the call to be immeasurably rich.
First became around 550 v. Chr. in small Asia and on the island Aegina coined/shaped. They carried the picture of a lion and/or. Stierprotome (small Asia); on the coins of the Greek island Aegina a sea-turtle was illustrated. On it coined/shaped briefly also and coins.
For a long time the coins from Aegina ("turtles" mentioned) remained as well as from Korinth ("Fohlen") and Athens ("owls") the controlling currencies early Greece. Also in many Greek colonies coins were coined/shaped. up had the most pronounced Muenzkultur outside of the actual Greece. In approximately 400 v. Chr. the coin in completely Greece became generally accepted in relation to the bartering. However there was no uniform Greek monetary system, but several regions, in which a Muenzfamilie dominated in each case. Slowly however the 17 gram heavy attische built Tetradrachmon with its Fractional coins (Obolos) and larger units to ten or twelve Drachmen a dominating position up. To 400 v. Chr. also the ripe one relating to crafts of the representations increased on the coins, even if God pictures and sanctified animals of far remained the determining motives. The still primitive embossing methods with hammer blows on an anvil led to the fact that many coins of this time are only incompletely coined/shaped and exhibit jumped edges.
The representation of rulers on coins sat down in the Greek area and into that only after through. Silver remained the determining raw material, only for smaller fractional coins came slowly in use. Only under Roman rule coins became from copper or in Greece and with Herrscherportrait, city opinions, mythologischen motives or representations of artists and scholars to the rule. There were silver coinages only in few cases.
The first coins that originate from that 3. Century before Christ and from copper or bronze were struck, the large, a Pound of heavy pieces of copper (Aes grave) were poured. As motive all early Roman coins on the back carry a hull, which to the conquest of the fleet of Antium to remind should, and on the front different God pictures. The first Roman silver coin with God picture on the front and woelfin also on the back became approximately 269 v. Chr. struck. The silver coinage on a large scale set in Rome however approx.. 211 v. Chr. with that Denar . Their organization is various, since the individual Muenzmeister could arrange the coins free. Usually "family coins" of motives from the mythology and Roman history as well as ancestors of the Muenzmeister are on this. the first living person, which was illustrated on a Roman coin, was however only in its death year 44 v. Chr, as that an appropriate right to it lent. Before its murder Caesar let a large quantity of "its" coins coin/shape. In the future the illustrations living Roman politician accumulated themselves up, for the first time appeared also their Gattinen on coins.
Of center 12. Century to in 14. Century were nearly in all German-speaking countries (with exception of the Rhine country) Brakteaten the prevailing specie of money. This were thin, on one side coined/shaped, silver Pfennig coins. In some Swiss cantons became still to in 18. Century brakteatenartige black horses, Haller and Angster manufactured. Brakteaten became "of ill repute" occasionally, D. h. for invalid explains and by their owners back-demanded, in order to exchange she against a smaller quantity new coins. The anticipated payment could amount to up to 25 %. This was a then usual form of the taxation. There such Muenzverrufungen ever more rapidly one another, developed displeasure followed and the call after a lastful money, a so-called "eternal Pfennig". This led to the task of the Brakteaten.
The German Right of coining money begins with its " expressly recognizes. From this time to the Muenzgeschichte is coined/shaped in Germany of large varieties, since each small state spends its own money.
While money consisted initially in the form of coins of valuable material (gold, silver) and its exchange value the value of this material corresponded (adequate coins) were manufactured, late coins, whose materials value was under its exchange value, by making the coins smaller and easier or of an alloy from valuable and lower-value material made it (coins below value).
Further see under .
The difference between medals and coins
Coins are of authorized and struck Currencies, and carry usually on the right of shown characteristics. and can everyone may arrange arbitrary and coin/shape.
Is missing or several of the characteristics, one can proceed with large security from medal. However: no rule without an exception. Thus Swiss carry Black horse (subunit of the Swiss Franconia) only the nominal, without indication of the currency. It is still more drastic with that Crowns of the embossing years 1965-1971. These carry neither a nominal, nor the indication of the currency. Like all British coins they do not even carry a state designation. Only the illustration of Elizabeth II. it leaves suspects from where the coin comes.
The front (that Avers) the coin is by the way, where the head of the ruler is to be usually seen (in Germany of the federal eagles), the back (that Written undertaking) however, where the declared value is. Since on the back frequently a text or a coat of arms is, this side also writing or wappenseite is called.
Pseudo coins
Pseudo coins are muenzaehnliche Gepraege, which
- by a state without right of coining money were approved and struck (z. B. Westsahara)
- without permission of the state were struck (z. B. , and and/or. uses. In increase others came how , , , or Chrome-plated steel to application. These metals become frequent with one another . The relative portion of the precious metal became by the so-called Muenzfuss specified.
Coins, whose exchange rate value is certain by the worth (metal value), become Kurantmuenzen called. This applied in former times to most precious metal coins. The value of today's coins is covered however only by national warranties, with which it itself over acts.
Quite
In the member countries that European monetary union must in accordance with that EEC regulation NR. 974/98 of the advice of 3. May nobody more than fifty coins in a payment accept (with exception of the spending authority and in § 3 Monetary law persons mentioned). See also for this the article legal tender.
Resuming references
See also:
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