Stomach

Der Magendarmkanal des Menschen. 1=Speiseröhre, 2=Magen, 3=Zwölffingerdarm, 4=Dünndarm, 5=Blinddarm, 6=Appendix, 7=Dickdarm, 8=Enddarm, 9=Anus

The magendarmkanal of humans. 1 =Esophagus, 2 =Stomach, 3 =Duodenum, 4 =Small intestine, 5 =Blind intestine, 6 =Appendix, 7 =

That Stomach (griech. Gaster, lat. Ventriculus) is in all . One finds the most primitive form with that Polyps, there the stomach is also elimination organ. The stomach is a hollow organ out and most animal species, the stomach possesses Wiederkaeuern and Birds several defined Hohlraumsyteme (mehrhoehliger stomach).

In this cavity that becomes with that Gastric juice blended, essentially from that enzyme Pepsin, , and Schleim exists. In a state of rest the glands separate about 10 ml gastric juice per hour. With food intake the education can be accelerated by gastric juice on up to 1000 ml per hour. The education becomes both through NervesImpulses (particularly before food intake) and through steered. Through Muscle contraction (. It opens regularly, around the food mash evenly into that Duodenum to pass on.

Situation of some organs

1 Biological meaning
2 Structure with humans and animals with einhoehligem stomach
3 Stomach of the Wiederkaeuer
4 Stomach of the birds
5 See also
6 Web on the left of

Biological meaning

Vorverdauung

Actual digesting and Absorption finds with most animals and with humans in or more particularly in Small intestine instead of. In the stomach above all those become (proteins) into its components divides. to a large extent unhindered, there only small quantities pass the stomach on to be formed, likewise Coal hydrates. In the stomach solids are liquefied and made ready thus for further digesting.

Kill from bacteria

The sour Gastric juice prevented effectively surviving most . An exception places however the bacterium , since it is able to settle below the protecting Schleimschicht.

Regular further digesting

The stomach makes it possible that we get along with few larger meals per day. The doorman ensures for the fact that all materials remain sufficient for a long time in the stomach and sufficiently with the digesting juices is shifted. These are then supplied slowly and evenly to the intestine.

Structure with humans and animals with einhoehligem stomach

Macro copy

Macroscopic structure of the stomach

From the outside seen one differentiates those at the stomach large and those small curvature (Curvatura major and Curvatura minor), which represent simplified expressed to right and/or lefthand side and at those sucked. large and/or small net (Omentum majus and minus) are fastened.

Macroscopically it is subdivided into the following ranges:

Those Cardia ("magenmund", "cardia") places the transition between Esophagus (Oesophagus) and the stomach.
The stomachfundus is the part of the stomach blister, for which over the Cardia is appropriate and, is usually air-filled.
That Corpus ("stomach bodies") constitutes the largest portion of the stomach.
After the corpus "down" that closes Antrum on.
At the transition to Duodenum (duodenum) is that Pylorus ("doormen"), as Sphincter (closing muscles) functions.

Histologie

Microscopically seen the stomach exists out:

that Gastric mucosa (Tunica mucosa gastrica) with a multiplicity of Glands
a muscle layer (Tunica muscularis gastrica) out smooth musculature
a coat of Serosa (Peritoneum)

Cell kinds and their secretion

The stomach possesses different cell kinds, which are located in typical places of the stomach for the secretion of hormones and other secretions in its mucous membrane (see illustration and table).

Cell kinds	Localization	Function
Voucher cells (= Parietalzellen)	Fundus and korpus	and Intrinsic Factor
Main cells	Fundus and korpus	Pepsinogen and Kathepsin
Nebenzellen	Kardia and Pylorus	Schleim
G-cells	Antrum and Kardia	Gastrin

Stomach of the Wiederkaeuer

Wiederkaeuern are the actual with one druesenhaltigen Mucous membrane lined stomach, here as Lab stomach designated, still 3 Vormagenabschnitte upstream. These are Pansen, Net stomach and Sheet stomach. They possess a glandless mucous membrane. In this Vormaegen find the micro-biological explanation of Cellulose as well as first absorption procedures instead of.

Stomach of the birds

The stomach that Birds is divided into two sections. In the actual Gland stomach (Proventriculus) enzymes and hydrochloric acid are likewise delivered. This gland stomach is in Muscle stomach (Ventriculus) downstream. It consists of strong musculature and serves mechanical cutting up of the food and replaces so the function to that . Those Glands the muscle stomach separate in Secretion off, that by the hydrochloric acid of the Proventriculus to a rubbing plate hardens (Koilinschicht). Besides many birds take up stones (or other hard particles such as shells with sea-birds), which grind the food together with this rubbing plate. These stomach stones become as Gastrolithen or as Grit designated. With birds also easy-digestible or soft food is only small developed the muscle stomach.

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