Master

This article is concerned with the academic degree. For other meanings, see Master (term clarifying).

Master courses of studies set an final Erststudium how Bachelor, Magister, Diploma or State examination (first with law and teaching profession, third with medicine) ahead and last in the full time study until two years. Depending upon adjustment of the course of studies they can serve the scientific recess of the Vorstudiums or open a new field of knowledge. Many master courses of studies are permission.

After the course of studies conversion within the framework of the the traditional single-step study conclusions (Magister, state examinations and diploma) keep their validity and not on the new conclusions are rewritten. The traditional single-step universitaeren conclusions apply in the context of agreements in Germany as equivalent to the master.

Table of contents

The master in Germany

Masters can be research or application orientated aligned. Only universities (z. lend the master as academic degreesB. Professional schools or universities). It is individually examined by the universities whether a graduate becomes certified the master study.

There are two master types in Germany: konsekutive and not konsekutive. Depending upon type of the masters different conclusion designations are permissible. It is also permitted to the universities to use German degree designations. A mixture of German and English is however not permitted.

Conclusion designations (konsekutive master degrees)

A konsekutiver master course of studies is the direct continuation of a special Bachelor course of studies. It serves the recess of the existing knowledge within the theoretical and research-oriented range.

In order to ensure as high a measure of transparency and clarity as possible, the conference of Secretary of cultural affairs (KMK) decided that for konsekutive master courses of studies only four different conclusion designations are permissible. These orient themselves at contents of the course of studies. Technical additives are generally inadmissible.

Master OF kind (M.A.)

The master OF kind (usually in the geisteswissenschaften, economic science and social sciences) can be attached to a Bachelor OF kind (in special cases also to a Bachelor OF Science).

Master OF engineering (M.Closely.)

OF Science within the field of the engineering sciences can be acquired instead of a master.

Master OF Laws (LL.M)

That Master OF Laws a jurisprudential structure course of studies is and can both with an appropriate conclusion and Bachelor OF Laws and after the first state examination be acquired.

Master OF Science (M.Sports club.)

The master OF Science (usual in the engineering sciences, natural sciences and economic science) can be attached to a Bachelor OF Science (in special cases also to a Bachelor OF kind).

Conclusion designations (not konsekutive master degrees)

not konsekutive master courses of studies serve the purpose to train the studying further in a strange subject and obtain usually rather application orientated knowledge. They close to any, final study on (z.B. a Bachelor, in addition, at the traditional diploma or the Magister).

The conclusion designations can be selected by the universities freely (z.B. Masters OF rating), must however not inevitably of those for konsekutive masters permitted to deviate.

Master OF Business administration (MBA)

(Executive) the master OF Business administration is the probably most well-known example of one not konsekutiven masters. It is to place graduates of an non-economiceconomics course of studies the restaurant knowledge, which needs it in leading positions.

Master OF Business and engineering (MBE)

The master OF Business and engineering is still another quite recent academic degree, which is to place the graduate of an non-economiceconomics course of studies the restaurant knowledge and the wirtschaftswisssenschaftlichen graduate the technical knowledge. This postgraduale course of studies is considered as angelsaechsiches counterpart to Industrial engineer.

Master OF Education (M. OD.)

The master OF Education can be attached to a Bachelor OF Science or Bachelor OF kind. This master conclusion takes two years.

The master OF Education can itself also to a special Bachelor with adjustment on the school and except-school education work with children and young people: Study emphasis primary school and study emphasis main six-form high school, attach. This master takes only one year and makes the teaching profession possible at reason -, head -, six-form high school.

Alternatively also appropriate Magister and diploma courses of studies can make the entrance to the master for OF possible Education.

The master OF Education is that 1. State examination on an equal footing and makes country widely the entrance possible to the Referenderiat, or where this not necessarily, directly the entrance teaching profession.

Note: The master OF Education cannot be acquired in each Land of the Federal Republic. Not each subject and/or. each fan combination is suitable for each school type (z.B. latin only at High Schools and comprehensive schools informed).

Entrance to careers of the higher the MC in the public service

With conversion of the study conclusions also the conditions for entrance for the careers of the public service were to be adapted. With a common agreement of the Secretary of cultural affairs and of the Innenminsterkonferenz (resolution of the conference of the Secretaries of the Interiors of 06.06.2002 and the conference of Secretary of cultural affairs of 24.05.2002) the access authorizations for graduates of the master and Bachelorstudiengaenge were regulated.

For the statement, whether the education formations of master conclusions acquired at professional schools open the entrance to the higher service, it is to be specified criteria. About is on contents to turn off study extent and examination requirements as well as the preceding study conclusion. Whether a certain master conclusion at a professional school opens these conditions fulfilled and the entrance to the higher service is determined, in the accreditation procedure.

To treat career legal are Bachelor /Bakkalaureusabschluesse uniform, so that neither the duration one Bachelor /Bakkalaureusstudiengangs nor the university type, at which the conclusion, still the contentwise adjustment criterion for the allocation was acquired to be to be able.

Three-year and four years old Bachelor /Bakkalaureusabschluesse is independent of whether they were acquired at a professional school or at a university - in contrast to the Master/Magister - in principle the elevated service to assign.

As far as from the professional school requests, in the context of the accreditation procedure it is also determined whether master courses of studies at professional schools the criteria specified above regarding contents, study extent and examination requirements with consideration of the preceded study conclusion to fulfill.

If the accreditation precipitates positively, to the accreditation answer the additive is taken up: "the master conclusion opens the entrance to the higher service".

The accreditation answer contains the o.g additive, are fulfilled the conditions for education for the entrance to the higher service after § 13 BRRG in federation and countries. The statement, whether the course of studies for a certain career is technically suitable, remains against it - as with all courses of studies - which reserves career-arranging authority (§ 13 Abs. 3BRRG).

master /Magisterabschluesse of the universities open the entrance to the higher service and require therefore for the entrance to the higher service of no separate accreditation.

Independently of it a period of instruction by at least two years and the distribution of the career examination or a second examination obtaining the capability for the career must be given for the permission to the general higher Verwaltunsgdienst.

Graduation authorization

For master and Magisterabschluesse the structure defaults of the conference of Secretary of cultural affairs specify that them the entrance to it open - independently of the fact whether they were acquired in in or two-year master study at a university or at a professional school.

Owners of a Bachelor /Bakkalaureusgrades acquired abroad the in or can become in the way of a suitability statement procedure directly a graduation study certified. The universities regulate the entrance as well as the arrangement of the suitability statement procedure and if necessary. cooperating with professional schools in their graduation orders.

International comparison

A generally valid equivalence list of in and foreign academic degrees, in Germany is existed not determined in the case of doubt by an equivalence examination of the responsible ministry for education and cultural the equivalence. The Bachelor /Master system varriert in all countries. Here the most important differences to the other countries.

England

Here the master study lasts likewise until two years in the full time study. Zulassungsvorausetzung in addition is the English Bachelor (hone), the German Bachelor equivalent thereby, the German diploma (university or FH), state examination or the Magister conclusion. Graduates with the traditional universitaeren conclusions (diploma, Magister) can let themselves be recognized depending upon university up to 50% of the master study; a Masterthesis must be written in each case. The master workstations are permission. A majority of the Bachelorabsolventen in England goes directly into the occupation. In England is those Accreditation of conclusions as far as possible unknown. By the universities individually after previous university and person of the applicant is examined whether it becomes certified the master study.

A very good English Bachelor (hone) or German Bachelor makes the direct entrance possible to the graduation in England after strict examination of the conclusion. Better to very good masters (here also the note of the Bachelors must be at least good) or a traditional universitaerer better to very good conclusion likewise.

The USA

Here the master study takes likewise 1-2 years in the full time study. Zulassungsvorrausetzung in addition is the American or European Bachelor, the German diploma (university or FH), state examination or the Magister conclusion. Graduates with the traditional universitaeren conclusions can let themselves be recognized depending upon university up to 50% of the master study; a Masterthesis must be written depending upon university. Some universities make possible also a master conclusion "by coursework", for D.h. it is sufficient to achieve the number of "Credit POINTS" necessary for the conclusion by the successful attendance from lectures to. The master workstations are permission. A majority of the Bachelorabsolventen in the USA goes directly into the occupation. In the USA the accreditation of conclusions from the USA is very important, because there are many private universities, which are not under national control. Nevertheless by the universities individually after previous university and person of the applicant it is examined whether he becomes certified the master study.

A very good American Bachelor or European Bachelor makes the direct entrance possible to the graduation in England after strict examination of the conclusion. Better to very good masters (here also the note of the Bachelors must be at least good) or a traditional universitaerer better to very good conclusion likewise.

Exceptions to the entrance to the master study in Germany

Also without occupation-qualifying university conclusion, however with universitaerem Vordiplom, one can participate in Germany in few master programs, like z.B. at the three-year master course of studies, which leads to the master OF Science in Economics and management Science, the economiceconomics faculty of the Humboldt university Berlin.

See also

Web on the left of

 

  > German to English > de.wikipedia.org (Machine translated into English)