Modern one

Generally

The term Modern one designated first a paging within all ranges of the individual and social life opposite that . Today this paging becomes predominantly with the developments 18. and 19. Century brought in connection: Spirit-historically with that . In the rather art-historically affected historiography applies the early in particular as those classical modern trend.

Berne pool of broadcasting corporations von Chartres (towards Sylvestris 1080? - 1167) use the term "modern" in a historical Gleichnis "moderni" as dwarves: "We are dwarves, that sit on the shoulders of giants. We cannot see as our ancestors and in the measure are our knowledge more largely than the ihrige and would be we anything nevertheless, became us further the sum of their knowledge not the way to point."

Lat. modernus (again; modern) adverb comes modo from latin (evenly; evenly only). Later taken out of the French (modern and more moderniser), it appears in German than foreign word since 1727 in the meaning of "again", than contrast too old, antique etc.. Modernité becomes for the first time as noun 1849 of Chateaubriand used (in a devaluing sense) and 1859 considerably of Baudelaire taken up. In German uses for the first time Eugen Wolff 1887 the expression "the modern trend" on the art referred.

The term of the modern trend goes a tendentious far over epoch term, as for instance that of the of the with that and the discovery America, over the Imperium of Rome back up to and to the education of the at all and/or. to the collapse earliest commonwealth.

Eric Hornung writes over the collapse of the in :

As answer to the deep vibrations that First meantime [ 2180 - 1987 v.Chr.] we find first complaint seal. It rises from the effort to master a confused time turned out from the joints by representative complaint... From now on the formulas from fall and reorganization become to the firm existence of the literature. ... The consequences [ paging ] are described up-shaking in detail, whereby one deplores ueberfremdung, noise, tree dying and food shortage already at that time. Those once making are in the misery, which prunken arms in new wealth... and whole mankind are (quotation): As a herd erred, which does not have a hirten.

Reflection on the vibration of traditional values forms however to a large extent the core of all theories to the modern trend. Exceptions form for instance concepts, after which tradition change is firm existence of all human development or which as such do not recognize development. Characteristically of the term of the modern trend, in particular in contrast to Postmodernism, is besides the replacement of the tradition by new "promises", which give a changed, but again strengthened value catalog or reference framework. From this view a circulation of the tradition appears to the modern trend as .

This is reflected also in the literary modern trend at the beginning 20. Century, whereby experimenting with new literary techniques is the center of attention. Like that are the free indirect speech and a fragmented world view as well as relating of opinions a characteristic in modernistic novels. Further Subjektivierung and Psychologisierung of the reality experience, withdrawing the mediating telling instance, the renouncement of a coherent Plot, an aesthetic self reflexivity and the rendition of subjective perception and consciousness procedures are characteristic. The space and figure representation broke through often perspectively and the event chronology the subjective time feeling were subordinated.

Art-historical view

Which concerns the coinage of the term, shows Andreas Venzke ("Magazine for Germanistik", 3/1995) that" the modern trend "in Germany only with that arose:

[...] evenly on the literature one referred the term ' modern ', so also to the developing naturalistische movement. However the Naturalisten did not only seize the term for its goals, but they modelten him also over, into ' the modern trend ', which stood then for some years almost equivalently for the naturalism.

Up to then it was called at the most "modern trend".

It those is art-historically regarded with the revolutionary works that and Avantgardisten in Europe, first in that , and also its high point found, and whose end in (first west)Europa by devastating reactionary working (see one forced. Many the pursued Protagonisten fled first to France, later into the United States and to Israel, where those by far most architectural (late)Werke of the modern trend developed. "the modern trend" returned never again to Europe.

Sociological view

Most strongly have in that first Ferdinand sound-sneeze (with the help of the term , Spirit of the modern times, 1935 [ 1998 ]) and afterwards in detail that , the modern trend with the functional tries Differentiation to set ineins. Thus their beginning moves historically further back.

As advantage of this beginning it is seen that one then also analytically over the "beginning of the modern trend" in z. B. or China to speak can (see in addition recently: Ho-fung Hung, Early Modernities and Contentious Politics in Mid Qing China, C. 1740-1839, in: "internationally Sociology", 2004: S. 478-503), without of "modern trend" one would have spoken at that time there.

Epoch-historical view

The beginning of the modern trend becomes historically frequently on those put. Thus the US-American sociologist sees Daniel Bell the Hereinbruch of the modern trend with the year . Others check themselves rather a process of the emergence of the modern trend, gradually in carries out.

As substantial elements of the modern trend are regarded:

• those as consequence that and associated hope, a kind Mankind religion became to the place of the institutionalized step.
• those , also mentioned, in particular the transition from the manual, manufacturing relating to crafts to Mass production through and .
• that Progress faith, D. h. the conception that the material achievements of humans for an unlimited period (progress) could.
• those Rationalitaet, D. h. the faith in those Reason and the supremacy of rational considerations.
• those social ranges, how , , and . see ( can be marked best by which humans of this epoch without demands accept as natural "truths" and fundamental convictions. This naturalnesses changes in the run the time. To the changes of naturalnesses see z. B. those of .

  Apart from the temporal dimension also the spatial delimitation of the modern trend should be regarded. Even if modern influences today on all to determine are, then is for example in prevailing circular letters Think that thinking the western Progress faith clearly opposite.

  The modern trend in Europe and North America achieves the cultural high point in the time before and between the two . The term ' classical modern trend ' calls those variety, today still innovative outstanding, heterogeneous style directions into that .

  Painter, as for example , , Henri Matisse, ,Piet Mondrian, Elfriede Lohse Waechtler and as cultural germ cell of the modern trend out-did. In Austria this applies in particular to the architect Adolf Loos and the architects and representatives of applied art, those those Viennese workshop formed.

  During in first those Bolsheviks and in Italy those at least in the forming art and in particular in that concepts of the modern trend took up, have the Germans this as "degenerate" fights to a large extent. Also was no trailer of the modern trend; its preferences in art and architecture were with Socialist realism.

  But also in other European countries and into that the international modern trend stood contrary to the again-aroused and many fundamentalist tendencies.

  Those follow-uppounds the modern trend calls itself today those Postmodernism and also for the wegbereiter of the modern trend one has in the meantime the correct technical term ready: Those Protomoderne.

  Quotation

  "which we call modern trend - thus the time between the European clearing-up and the First World War - have us with idealistic zumutungen overloaded and with human ideals gekoedert. Therefore we have today a ambivalente attitude to the modern trend: it is utopia and nightmare at the same time. Therefore it falls us so heavily to occur sovereign into a recent time. We have a curing trauma of the terminated modern trend. Anyway " Norbert Bolz (in Theory of the tiredness - theory tiredness, 1997)

  Deviating meanings

  With reference to those that is modern, itself at newest the in each case orients, especially dresses.

  The expression "modernity" is used frequently also equivalently to bare progressiveness or topicality.

  Decay (with stress on the first syllable) disintegrating, z means.B. of wood.

  Analytically there are demarcations to the term "'

• Second modern trend