Moltebeere

Moltebeere
flowering Moltebeere
systematics
Order: Rosales family: Rose plants (Rosaceae) Unterfamilie: Rosoideae kind: Rubus Untergattung: Chamaemorus kind: Moltebeere
scientific name
Rubus chamaemorus
L. 1753

the Moltebeere (Rubus chamaemorus), also Multebeere, Multbeere or peat berry mentioned, is plant of several years and a schnellwüchsige from the kind Rubus and only representative of the Untergattung Chamaemorus. The botanische name comes of the Greek one of chamae: zwergig and morus: Muzzle berry/Brombeere, means thus „dwarf bromine berry “.

Table of contents 1 description 2 circulation area 3 Vermehrung 4 diseases 5 use 5,1 use as food 5,2 use as herb 6 other 7 literature 8 Web on the left of

description

the Moltebeere becomes between 10and 30 cm largely. From an underground basic axle upright, normal, not felling trees stacks are driven. The change-constant sheets are weakly handförmig, five to siebenlappig and at the edge sawed. The Nebenblätter are free at the reason of the Blattstieles rising and ruler lanzettlich.

OffWhite, occasionally also reddish, individually finalconstant blooms with 5 crowning and Kelchblättern each are May at it. The kind is two-striking victory; at a plant one finds thus either only male or female blooms. From them mature after fertilizationby insects because of the short vegetation period of the plant already by July himbeergrosse Sammelsteinfrüchte from first pale-red, with more increasingly ripe ones bernsteinener color, of 5 to 25 Steinfrüchten, as soon as the outside petals of the fruit roll themselves away, the Moltebeere is consistingripely. In the autumn leaves discolour strongly red.

circulation area

with a borealen, zirkumpolaren circulation area between 78° and 44° northern latitude lies their main occurrence in Europe in the three northEuropean States of Sweden, Finland and Norwayas well as in the Hochmooren of Scotland and England; individual occurrences are however also in west, central and Eastern Europe as well as in the Baltic as ice-age remnants, so-called Glazialrelikte. In Greenland it achieves its northernmost point of spreading.

In North America it grows of Canada (in the sparsely populated forests north of Québec as well as on the Magdalenen in the sinking Lorenz stream) into the USA (Alaska, Maine, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York), is however often already threatened. Also in Siberia and north Japan is native it.

In Germany, where she is to be found isolated at Weser , Elbe and Eider, it is located under strictest nature protection, i.e., also picking of its fruits is forbidden.

The Moltebeere grows at edges of moorland, in sumps and damp meadows to 1,400 m height. It requires sunnier to halfshady locations with strong-sour soils (pH value between 3,5 and 5,2), tolerated up to −38 °C cold weather and easy to moderately severe Waldbrände, reacted however sensitively to salts andstrong drynesses.

Vermehrung

main increases the Moltebeere vegetativy by its Rhizom and forms in such a way at their locations with the time extensive colonies.

The Vermehrung by seeds is in contrast to this subordinate. Differently than many Rubusartenis not the Moltebeere fertilizing, i.e., plant (zwittrige plants are found only rare) two-strike-triumphs requires for fertilization a plant of the other sex in each case. An admission of the fruits by animals and birds and the elimination of the indigestible seedscarry the propagation. The Moltebeere is however a Kaltkeimer, i.e., its seeds require a 270tägigen Stratifikation and germinate then only at temperatures starting from 18 °C.

Moltebeeren are oktaploid.

diseases

the Moltebeere is generallya durable plant, however in principle susceptibly among other things to star soot rope and the Brennfleckenkrankheit.

The Moltebeere is a fodder plant for butterfly larvae, e.g. the small Nachtpfauenauge.

use

use as food

thoseFruit became equally estimated as means against scurvy because of their high Ascorbin - and benzoic acid - content (the latter causes an extremely good storability ) of nordischen sailors and American Inuit.

Although also nowadays, in particular in Norway, which demand as if delicate-eat is largeras the offer (Norway imports annually 200 to 300 tons of the fruits from Finland), it is still a pure game fruit.

Since center of the 1990er years has itself the Norwegian government in co-operation with Finnish, Swedish, Scottish and RussianPlaces in „the Northberry “- research project endeavors to cultivate it as agrarian fruit. The first optimized plants (male sorts „Apolto “and „Apollen “, female sorts „Fjellgull “and „Fjordgull “) are transferred since 2002 to the agriculture.

Roughly eaten, the Moltebeere has a its own, partiallybitter säuerlichen taste. Often of it jam or jelly is made or they are used for aromatizing (for example Eiskrem). In Sweden one eats it frozen with sugar („Björnkulla “), in Finland as well as the so-called „Leipäjuusto “(„bread cheese “, onehard, paste-like cheese court) and much sugar.

Likewise in Finland one prepares a Likör named „for Lakka “from them, in Canada the fruit among other things to aromatizing a beer speciality is used, and in Sweden she serves for the vinegar preparing.

Also estimate animalsthe berry - from Jakutien it is reported that brown bears put readily large distances back in the tundra, in order to arrive at the fruits.

use as herb

the sheets of the Moltebeere become due to their content of Gerbsäure against failureused. The plant contains beyond that Diosgenin, a Steroid and preliminary stage of the female hormone Progesteron, which is used against charge and rheumatism.

other

the Moltebeerein raspberries one in-crossed, in order to revalue in such a way bred sorts geschmacklich.

On the Finnish 2 euro-coin sheets and fruits of the plant are shown. Plant mentioned in the Finnish „Lakka the “is considered also as the landmark of honing-lapping country.

Literature

• Hegi, G., 1995, pictorial Flora of Central Europe., 3rd OD. Volume. IV (2A)
• weber, H. E., 1972, the kind Rubus L. (Rosaceae) in northwest Europe, in: Phanerog. Monogr., 7:100.
• Nielsen, Harald; 1976, Lægeplanter i, København
• Martinussen,I.; Rapp, K.; Bhuvaneswari, T.V. and Junttila, O., 2002, Flower development in Cloudberry (Rubus Chamaemorus L.), Acta stronghold. (ISHS) 585:143 - 147
• Baskin, Carol C.; Baskin, Jerry M. 2002. Propagation protocol for production OF container Rubus chamaemorus L. plants; UniversityOF Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. In: Native one plans network. URL:www.nativeplantnetwork.org (accessed 23 April 2004). Moscow (ID): University OF Idaho, college OF Natural Resources, Forest Research Nursery.
• Campbell, Daniel R.; Roche away, LINE. Germination and seedling growth OF bent plants in relationton the recolonization OF milled peatlands, plans Ecology 169: 71-84, 2003
• Daigle, Jean Yves. Peatlands - Cloudberry cultivation as A peatland reclamation option, in: Technology Alert, volume. 1, No. 2, Shippagan, 2003
• Mordosov, Innokentiy Innokentievich; Yakutia Brown Bear Foods, In: Internationally Bear news of volume. 11, No. 2, haven country, 2002
• Wolkersdorfer, Christian, 1994, Rubus chamaemorus (Multebeere) as pointer plant at the Sæterfjell (north country/Norway), the explanation, 45 (2): 82-86, 2 fig., 2 Tab. ; Heidelberg; Pdf: [1]

Web on the left of

• Website „of the Northberry “- research project