Mosque

the Sultan mosque, Istanbul, in Germany admits as blue mosque
mosques in Istanbul
Sabanci Merkez Moschee in Adana
Sabanci Merkez mosque in Adana

the mosque is the prayer house Islam.

„Mosque “(of Masǧid مسجد, pl. masaǧid for „place of thrashing “, placethe joint Islamic prayer) the mosquemosque mosque (Dschāmʿجامع) includes, but not holy shrine (Marabut, Kubba, Maqām) , medal house (Zawiya, Tekke) or Sakralbauten like the rock dome on the temple mountain in German (Haram asch Scharif) in Jerusalem. One should make certain that „mosque is “in German a comprehensive term, whose minors are Massdschid and Dschāmi. A Dschāmi is as it were large mosque (with Minaretten), like most mosques specified in the article. On Turkish writesone it Mescit and Cami.

In mosques there are neither pictures of holy ones or prophet, still religious music. In place of the figurative representation, which describes religious bases of the Bible and holy narrations in the Christianity, here the Arab Kalligraphie steps andin place of the Christian church singing the lecture of the Koran, always in Arabic language. During the chamfering monthly Ramadan is completely rezitiert the Koran. Often are at mosques also a Madrasa (Arab for school), original Islamic, always religiously coined/shaped Educational facility, attached and forms a building complex with the mosque. Magnificent examples of this kind of architecture are among other things in Samarkand.

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history

with the propagation Islam received each city a mosque, later also the villages. In the eastRoman realm conquered by the Turks usually the Christian churches one broke off or one converted in exceptional cases to mosques (z. B. Sophienkirche in Konstantinopel/Istanbul).

Mechanism of a mosque

mosques consist of a praying hall (haram), at its to the Kaaba in Mekka, to which Hauptheiligtum Islam, arranged side one finds mostly a prayer niche (mihrāb). A line, arrow orIn addition, Täfelchen with the word “qibla “are sufficient, in order to supply orientation important for aligning the prayer. The soil is occupied with carpets. The prayer niche is the location of the Imam (Vorbeters), which leads the prayer.In a mosquemosque mosque it in addition a pulpit (minable) for the lecturelecture lecture (ḫuṭba) gives, one dikkah, a increased platform, from which the prayer call is repeated directly before the prayer and outside of the ritual prayer of the Koran rezitiertbecomes. Before the praying hall usually is a yard, which is surrounded by Säulenhallen (riwaqs). Towers (Minarette), from which the Gläubigen to the prayer are called, as well as a well and/or wash rooms with flowing waterfor the ritual cleaning are further components of a mosque.

Often the only decoration exists in calligraphically prepared Koranversen and ornamentalen samples. Representations of God, humans and animals are forbidden, landscape representations occur however.

The blue mosque from the inside

the mosqueare not only prayer area, but also general meeting place of the Muslims. Also to public causes such as court hearings or public announcements it is used. Groups can hold discussions, pupils appear themselves, in order to make their homework. Not least is the mosqueLodging for traveler, those water, the community of Gleichgesinnen and a place for sleeping find there.

To different times and countries different building types were prevailing. The oldest form is the yard mosque with circulating arcades (Cairo SCN, Ibn Tulun mosque, Cairo,the mosque of the 'Amr b. aluminum 'Âs in old Cairo before their renovation). The column forests, those are similarly old on the palms of the Urmoschee to decrease/go back are (Cordobas La Mezquita [[1]], aluminium-Hakim [[2]], Koutoubia). Under the Osmanen were - thatSophienkirche shared - likes to central's buildings with many domes and two or four pointed Minaretten. Mosque plants with large open inner court are typical for Iran and India. Fantastic loam constructions are in the Sahelzone, pagodenartige mosques in Indonesia.

Rules

before the prayerif ritual washing, وضوء wudū', becomes carried out.

It is regulation to take before entering the mosque the shoes off. In the Vorräumen or at the entrance of the mosque the shoes are kept - one can do them in addition, (the soles to each other turned)take into the mosque. A Muslim enters the mosque with the right foot and leaves her with the left.

Gebetet becomes toward qibla.

Imam can become each Muslim, who possesses the knowledge prescribed for it, the prayer forms controlled andis of age. It steps itself before the praying, behind it into clear rows (sufuf, sg. set up saff).

Since Mrs. von Männern are not to be beobacht with the service, the women behind the men pray, separated in own areas or upa loft.

In the year 1732

the Prussia king Friedrich William I. left mosques in Germany. establish a prayer hall for twenty of its Turkish guard soldiers in potsdam at being enough stable; this is considered as the first mosque on German soil. The oldest today receivedMosque in Germany was established 1924 in Berlin of the Ahmadiyya (Anjuman Isha'at e Islam Lahore's AAIIL). Further buildings of mosques:

  • 1957 in Hamburg Fazl e Umar mosque, built built by Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat (AMJ
  • ) 1959 in Frankfurt/Main Nūr mosque, of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat
  • 1961 in Hamburg Imam Alī mosque, built of Iranian buyers (Shiite)
  • 1964 in Aachen Bilāl mosque, maintain from the Islamic center Aachen (IZA)
  • 1973 in Munich (Grundsteinlegung 6. Octobers 1967), maintain 1990 in Werl built by the Islamic center
  • Munich ( IZM), andmaintained by the Islamic culture association Werl registered association.
  • 1995 in Mannheim Yavuz Sultan Selim mosque, the largest mosque of Germany, built of the Islamic federation Mannheim registered association. To Luisenring 28 68159 Mannheim


see also

Web on the left of

Commons: Mosques - pictures, videos and/or audio files
 

  > German to English > de.wikipedia.org (Machine translated into English)