Petrol engine
the petrol engine is a combustion engine designated after Nikolaus August Otto, with which the fuel is brought during the sucking in procedure into sucked in air, which results in an explosive mixture in the cylinder.
To table of contents |
Web on the left of
clocks bringing in the fuel via a carburetor or by (today usually electronically steered) an injection. With the help of a spark plugif an electrical spark estimate, which Zündfunke, becomes brief, produces, with which the mixture is brought to the controlled explosion. The force development is then converted into mechanical work. As fuel serve mainly gasoline, in addition, liquid gas, natural gas and even hydrogencan be used dependent on the attitudes.
Petrol engines can be in principle as two-stroke engine or as four-stroke engine implemented, whereby the four-stroke engine is the more common design.
Classical characteristics of the petrol engine are:
- Spark ignition: The mixture becomes a defined time by the sparka spark plug ignited, ignites (contrary to the diesel engine) not.
- Expresses air/fuel mixture: Fuel and air are mixed before the combustion chamber.
- Quantity regulation: The achievement is regulated over the quantity supplied fuel air of the mixture.
By the last two characteristics holditself “gasoline direct A SPLASHEs “(FSI and GDI engines) however no longer so exactly. Direkteinspritzung of the fuel into the combustion chamber is not bound no more to the inlet tax times and can take place also in the compression phase. In addition stratified charges are made possible, see low-performance engine, with ignitionjoyfulstöchometrischem mixture (D. h. 14,7 parts of air: 1 part fuel) around the spark plug and lean mixtures in the remaining combustion chamber. The so-called HCCI - engine needs also no more spark ignition.
History
 |
the petrol engine, 1876 patented, became 1862 of Nikolaus August Ottoon basis 1860 invented, substantially achievement-weaker 3-Takt-Gasmotors von Lenoir develops. The substantial innovation was the introduction of a Verdichtungstaktes. Of Otto first construction however little similarity had with the today's engines. It concerned an atmospheric engine, i.e. thoseExplosion hurled the piston outside, which flew away freely. Only on the way back it (and/or the atmospheric pressure) carried out work over a rack.
1864 were Nikolaus August Otto joint founder of the engine factory N. A. Otto & Cie.in Cologne (from late the thosetoday's Deutz AG came out). There starting from 1876 petrol engines were manufactured. 1876 acquired Otto in Germany a patent on a combustion engine, whatever included the four-cycle principle with. Because of older requirements of the Frenchman Alphonse Beau de Rochas the petrol patent became 10 yearslater in Germany waived.
God-dear Daimler and Carl Benz built 1886, independently of it for 1888 to 1889 in Vienna Siegfried Marcus, the first motor vehicles with a petrol engine.
The term petrol engine goes back on a suggestion of the VDI out of the year 1936 and became for the first time in the year 1946 in the DIN No. 1940 uses.
See also
- to diesel engine
- wankel engine (rotary piston motor)
- four-stroke engine
- two-stroke engine
- electronic fuel injection system
- hybrid engine
- petrol process
- HCCI (Homogenous load Compression Ignition)
- Leanen
