Politician

As Politician designates one Persons, which hold political offices or it aim at. Usually they become thereby through and federations supports. Politicians act on all levels of a state (Federation, Countries or Municipalities). Political offices know government offices (z.B. Minister), the electoral mandate in a parliament or an office in a party (z.B. Party chairman) its. Politicians have to take the goal by its acting influence on important political decisions. For this they can use on the one hand their by political offices secured rights (for example with tunings in the parliament). In addition they can take influence by expression of opinion.

As a member of one a politician represents their interests. There are however also politicians, who do not follow party (Non-party one), or whose is not task the protection of interests of their party (for example Federal President). Beside the professional politician, that for example as Delegate, Undersecretary of state or Minister gives it still that works honorary working politician, that those Politics only beside its exercises.

Table of contents

Theories for political acting

Acting politicians is article that . She explains an acting of the politicians and the political competition (props of the politicians after power).

Ethical beginnings for the explanation of politician acting

Fundamental meaning for the political motivation individually has to cause the desire good political decisions, in order to help for example the own region or the whole country. This leads those to far and holistic thinking and a full employment to the well-being of all citizens, like it for example Ethicsethics ethics postulated.

Often these long-term goals are not noticed however of the voters as the best choice, why the political success of such positionings is limited. Furthermore the views go over it, what on a long-term basis the "well-being of all citizens" and/or. "as well as well-being of the state people" represents on which way this is to be achieved, apart. Also this contributes to the fact that in the political competition inevitably the "best" model does not intersperse itself.

Without a doubt a career-referred politician picture can be explained also for politicians, whose acting goals heren on is oriented,: The conviction to make even the correct decisions leads to striving for power and influence.

economic theory of the policy

A less positive beginning for the explanation of acting politicians also economical Those supplies with to principles economic theory of the policy (OETP). She explains structures and behavior predominantly on basis neoclassical theory. Fundamental acceptance participates that itself politicians as rational Nutzenmaximierer held back. This essentially means that politician a strong Re-election orientation have and therefore a policy to operate, those with the next elections to one Voice maximization leads.

For this two important strands can be differentiated:

(1) orientation at short term goals:

In accordance with the OETP of use-maximizing politicians with his decisions that the voter honors rather the reaching of short term goals as aiming at long-term goals, there the voter will consider a strong Present preference exhibits, what again because of the fact is that concepts that aligned on a long-term basis are not obtainable politically and economically less educated voter because of the high complexity. On re-election the politician is considered therefore before at short notice painful measures to back-frighten, even if these are economically absolutely necessary.

Examples of such a policy are those new indebtedness durably which can be observed enrich industrial nations, missing reserves in the legal pension system, cyclic instead of anticyclical economic policy or missing courage to painful however necessary reforms.

(2) orientation at the median voter:

An important beginning in this connection is that Median voter model: If one proceeds with politicians from the goal of the voice maximization, then a politician leads and/or. a party exactly that politics out, which the median voter wishes. Thus by the large parties political edges and problem areas are neglected.

Besides visible, economically however inevitably reasonable measures cannot be subordinated for the citizen, while possibly one does not follow to more important goals, which are not recognized however by the voter than such. Rather then individually noticeable measures can be subordinated with little noticeable loads for the voter.

See also

Literature

  • Max webers: Politics as occupation. 1919. ISBN 315008833X) (On-line text)
  • Niccolò Machiavelli: The prince. 1513, ISBN 3150012198
  • Hans Herbert of Arnim: The system - the machinations of power, Munich, Droemer Knaur, 2001
  • ders.: Fat belly does not govern gladly. The political class - referred and taken off, examined and expenditure for paperback provided with a current preface, Munich: Droemer Knaur, 1999,
  • ders.: The state as booty. As politicians in own thing of laws make, Munich: Droemer Knaur, 1998.
  • ders.: Servant of many gentlemen. The double and three-fold supply of politicians, Munich: Droemer Knaur, 1998.

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