Pratimoksha
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Pratimoksha is the rule for buddhistische nuns and monks and the monastische life.
Pratimoksha is meant a Sanskritwort and: Prati = personally/individually and Moksha = release. It becomes therefore also, when designates the “Gelübde of individual release”.
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the monastische tradition of the medal of the Buddha
the line of the Pali tradition
of this line following the monks and nuns of the Theravada and it is described in the article to the Patimokkha.
literature recommendations regarding the Pali line
- of the Buddha and its medal, publishing house Beyerlein and
- the Vahamagga (Vinaya pitika) stone-trained, publishing house Beyerlein and stone-trained
- the buddhistische dictionary, Nyanatolika Mahathera, publishing house Beyerlein and stone-trained
the two lines of the Sanskrit tradition
it gives in the Sanskrit two Suez-races to the buddhistisch monastischen discipline - also admits as Pratimoksha Suez-race. Pratimoksha is sanskrit and meant: Prati = personally/individually Moksha = release thus: “Gelübde of individual release”.
The Sanskrit tradition ranks among the Mahayana Buddhismus. This sees the Pali tradition associated to the Hinayana and sees the Theravada tradition as one of the 18 schools of the Hinayana.
The two Suez-race, to which monks refer and nuns of the Mahayana tradition, originate from the Hinayana tradition.
There is:
- the Pratimoksha Sutra of the Mahasamghikas and
- the Pratimoksha Sutra of the Mulasarvastavadins
the line of the Mahasamghikas became first in 4. Century before Christ mentions. The line of the Mulasarvastavadins became first written in 7. Century after Christ mentions (after Charles S. Prebish).
Above all the indo Tibetan Buddhismus follows the line of the Mulasarvastavadins.
details to the Mulasarvastavadin line (indo Tibetan Buddhismus)
it give 8 kinds of surgeries:
- 1. & 2. The Gelübde for laymen (Mrs. and man): the five Silas (+ possibly extends by the Zölibat Gelübde)
- 3. The 8 layman Gelübde for one day
- 4. Gelübde for the Novizen nun (36 rules) (tib. Getsulma)
- 5. Gelübde for the Novizen monk (36 rules) (tib. Getsul)
- 6. Gelübde for the vollordinierten monk (253 rules) (tib. Gelong)
- 7. Gelübde for the vollordinierte nun (364 rules) (tib. Gelongma)
- 8. One calls Gelübde for the nun
on sample someone, which regards the 8 Gelübde as one day the whole life, “venerable layman-practicing”. Usually the daily surgery applies and/or. the nun on sample not as real surgery.
Details in addition are to be found in the writing “Buddhist Ethics” (Treasury OF Knowledge) by Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye. It contains also the Mahayana Ethiken and the Vajrayana Ethiken. There the Vinaya - ethics indo tib. - buddh. Ordinierten from the Mulasarvastavadin line comes, applies the section to the Pratimoksha in this writing to all lines of the Tibetan Buddhismus.
From the writing of Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye follows: There were at present the Buddhas different surgery ways. Shariputra and others e.g. became. simply by the fact it ordiniert that Buddha spoke: „Comes here, monks! “By stepping before the Buddha became it monks. The today's ceremony of the surgery was introduced after the fall of the original kinds. The present four-level procedure, which must only, which is accomplished in the Mulasarvastavadin line, by a meeting of 10 Vollordinierten monks in central regions or at least 5 Vollordinierten in remote regions is accomplished. There are detailed statements, who is applicable at all for a surgery and may become certified. (e.g. religious extremists or humans, who hold religious-extremistic opinions, are not certified)
as Ordinierte in the sense of a renounced one/a renounced one apply the following persons:
- (1) & (2) female and male Novizen,
- (3) & (4) vollordinierte nun and vollordinierter monk and
- (5) the nun on sample.
Laymen are ordiniert also, are not considered however not as renounced one and carry therefore also no robe.
The 36 Novizen Gelübde are summarized also in 10 Gelübden, „the four roots “
- 1. 2
- does not kill. do not steal
- 3. 4
- does not lie. no sexual intercourse
and the “six branches”:
- 5. no alcohol to drink
- 6. do not dance, sing, music instruments to play
- 7. or parfümieren 8
- does not decorate themselves. no high and broad bed to use
- 9. no meal after noon to take
- 10. Gold and silver to affect and not possess
this summary was above all therefore made, so that humans with less enthusiasm does not discourage itself, by hearing a number of 36 Gelübden to feel and before the Novizen surgery back-frighten.
literature recommendations regarding the Mulasarvasatavadin line
- Novizen Gelübde: Lama Mipham's commentary tons of Nagarjunas “Stanzas for A Novice Monk” more together with “Essence OF the ocean OF Vinaya” by Tsongkhapa ISBN of 81-86470-15-8 (LTWA India)
- Gelübde of the vollordinierten monk: “Advice from Buddha Sahkyamuni” by rear spar the 14th Dalai Lama, ISBN 81-86470-07-7 (LTWA India) a comment on the 253 rules of the Vollordinierten with a very much inspiring introduction and comment on the Vinaya, based on the Vinaya Sutra.
- Complete statement of the Pratimoksha in: “Buddhist Ethics” (Treasury OF Knowledge: Book Five), Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye, ISBN 155939191X, Snow Lion Publications
supplementing:
- “Clergyman title and designations in the hierarchy of the Tibetan Klerus” of Ursula Baumgardt. From the Tibet institute (monastery) Rikon, Switzerland (1977)
literature recommendation regarding the two Sanskrit lines
- „Buddhist Monastic Disciplin: The Sanskrit Pratimokksha Suez-race to OF the Mahasamghikas and Mulasarvastavadins” by Charles S. Prebish, India, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1339-1
literature recommendation regarding the Bhikshuni Gelübden
- Gelübde of a vollordinierten nun: To “Choosing Simplicity” by Venerable Bhikshuni Wu Yin, Bhikshuni Jendy Shih (editor), Bhikshuni Thubten Chodron (translator), ISBN 1559391553, Snow Lion Publications
