Graduation (doctor)

Those Graduation is in Germany one academic Examination, those those Capability too more independently Research at a scientific University or to a comparable mechanism prove (Acquisition of the Doctor title). It is in Germany in principle a condition for those Habilitation. Depending upon Act concerning universities of the countries a graduation is usually a condition for the occupation as a professor or first as Junior professor. In Austria one understands under Graduation only the solemn award of the doctor degree, not an examination or the doctorate study.

"Doctor"is the highest academic degree. Purpose of the graduation is it, those Ability to occupy to the scientific work by the example of the treatment of a special field; it "entitled" to independent research - like that the graduation is a condition for it, around for instance with that German research council Project requests place to be able. In contrast to the graduation those points Habilitation the ability after, to represent the entire field of activity on high level in research and teachings.

Table of contents

Graduation procedure

Promotionsurkunde (70 x 51 cm) auf Büttenpapier für Friedrich Hopfner vom 13. Januar 1905 von der Karls-Universität Prag
Graduationdocument (70 x 51 cm) up Buettenpapier for Friedrich Hopfner of 13. January 1905 of that Karl university Prague

General information

The graduation is introduced, after that Graduate student one Doctor work (Thesis) submitted. This work is a scientific research work, some independently furnished, with new scientific realizations locking research achievement documents. After acceptance of the thesis by those Faculty and/or. durch eine von ihr eingesetzte Kommission und der Einholung von Gutachten erfolgt eine mündliche Prüfung (Rigorosum) oder ein wissenschaftliches Streitgespräch (Disputation), that often (however not always) the topic of the thesis to the article has. This verbal Defense a doctor work is public in all rule and becomes before university teachers and if necessary. Personalities of the public life put down. The graduation procedure is final after the total evaluation; usually the graduate student is however only entitled, the designation "Dr.to lead ", after it proved the publication of its thesis. Some universities permit that, those the procedure finally, but the thesis yet did not publish, up to further the title "Dr. of the.to lead ".

In the connection to the designation Graduation become also the terms Thesis, Doctor work, Doctor diploma, Doctor letter, Doctor examination and Doctor writing determined.

To the procedure must be referred to the individual graduation orders of the respective faculties. In the context of the current Bologna process also a statement was met to "doctoral the studies". It is not only with the creation of common systems for uniform study conclusions (Bachelor degrees and/or. Master degree), separate beyond that a uniform doctor degree to count. To be waiting however the Bologna follow-up conference in mountains remains 2005.

Expiration

The expiration of a graduation procedure is specified in the test order of the responsible specialist area. The procedure is partially very different thereby from university to university and from subject to subject. Usually it contains the following steps:

  1. Suitable study conclusion (usually good to very good exam),
  2. Choice of a responsible person ("Doctor father or doctor nut/mother"),
  3. Registration of the graduation project at the graduation committee of one Faculty at one University,
  4. Acceptance as a graduation student,
  5. Preparation of the thesis. This usually takes up two to five years. The finished work covers depending upon field between 25 and several hundred pages. Sometimes in this time are:
    • To visit graduate student seminars ("upper min acres"),
    • To publish specialized publications.
  6. Submit the thesis at the graduation committee,
  7. Production of 2 -3 appraisals by those Opponenten,
  8. Verbal and public defense (Disputation) andor Rigorosum,
  9. Preparation of the doctor work to scientific publication,
  10. Obtainment of pressure permission (Imprimatur), if not yet given (with theological work possibly still another church approval must be caught up [Nihil generic term-did, lat. ' nothing stands in the way ' ]),
  11. Publication including delivery of Obligation copies with the libraries. Some Faculties permits in the meantime also the publication that Thesis by publication in InterNet.

External graduation is the acquisition without operational readiness level study and of the thesis scientific apart from family and occupation (partial time study) by collecting main.

Evaluation

The total evaluation of the graduation achievement takes place - regionally differently and with different meanings frequently with latin notes:

  • summa cum laude - ' with highest praise '
In most graduation orders the work with that becomes latin designation summa cum laude "outstanding achievement" calls and numerically as "0.5" expressed.
  • magna cum laude - ' with large praise '
Designation as one achievement particularly which can be recognized; numeric indication with "1.0".
  • cum laude - ' with praise '
Designation as one the average exceeding achievement; numeric indication with "2.0".
  • rite - ' sufficiently '
Designation as one Achievement, the average requirements still corresponds; numeric indication with "3.0".
  • non rite or more insufficienter - ' insufficiently ' (fallen through)
Designation as one suffering from substantial lack, altogether no longer useful achievement; numeric indication with "4.0".

In Austria become study-terminal examinations as "existed"or"with honor existed"judges (the latter, if all partial examinations were not judged at least more badly than with "well" and half with "very well"). In addition the award of the doctorate can additionally as "Promotio sub auspiciis Praesidentis rei publicae" (dt. "take place graduation under the Auspizien of the Federal President"), which comes the highest honor to the acquisition of the doctor degree equal.

Additionally the thesis can receive a descriptor, as far as this plans the respective graduation order. This descriptor is indicated within the recommendation of the consultants for the scientific achievement. Also for this there is latin notes:

  • opus eximium - ' extraordinary work ' (rarely one assigns and is not intended also in some graduation orders) with numeric indication with "0.7".
  • opus valde laudabile - ' very good [ praise-worth ] work ' with numeric indication with "1.0".
  • opus laudabile - ' good [ praise-worth ] work ' with numeric indication with "2.0".
  • opus idoneum - ' satisfying work ' with numeric indication with "3.0".

Literature

  • Dock U. Juergens, How publish do I mean doctor work?, Publishing house Ludwig, Kiel 2005. ISBN 3-937719-28-8

See also

Web on the left of

 

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