Rule

Those Rule (since that 9. Century in rule (E), in the old high German regula, regile out lat. regula: Yardstick, guide) marks

• a request, guidance, instruction for the execution of operations under certain conditions with a certain goal
• an agreement, to which one should adhere after general view (Convention)
• a regulation for the social behavior (Behavior standard), z.B. Traffic rules, behaviour rules
• a guide for the own behavior (Maxim)
• in computer science in connection with were based to systems a formalized Konditionalsatz of the form "if A then B", and/or. in the broader sense also Plausibility rules and other kinds of Business Rules.
• in the natural sciences description of a regular connection below that one or to the change of the reality, the components of are. One calls this kind of rules also methodical rules.

Rule in the sense of a repeating procedure

In this meaning the term "rule" is used, in order to designate a procedure (it predominantly concerns thereby objectively material procedures), under same or similar conditions always or at least in the majority of the cases repeats itself. In this meaning the term is "rule" the terms Regularity and Regularity close related. It is used in this way, in order to suggest that the procedure concerned is subject to a statistic Gesetzmaessgkeit - thus not always or not always repeated in the same way - or that it is not clear, whether this repetition is coincidental or according-to-law.

Methodical rules

Methodical rules are based on law statements, are however even no statements. While the statement possesses a designativen character (see Designator), the rule a request character has, a praeskriptiven character (see Preskriptor). The methodical rule is an instruction or a guidance for idealistic or physical acting. One z determines.B. that operation, by which one turns into from a true expression to another true expression. So is about those Separation rule an instruction, which contains that one <math> from a statement p and a statement; p \rightarrow q </math> the statement q to win can. Rules over the shaping of logical, mathematical u.A. Expressions belong to Meta language the area concerned. They differ already thereby from the law statements of this area.

Under the methodical rules there are such, which acting that, which specifies uses her, clearly - presupposed, one wants to achieve by application the aim atable result. They become also as algorithmic rules or simply Instructions designated. Others represent rather a guidance than an instruction for acting. This comes above all by it to the expression that they mark only the borders out, within of them acting leading to the put goal permitted and/or. is possible, without indicating a safe way to the goal.

Rules of the propositional calculus

The rules that for example in form of the separation rule or Installation rule a guidance is for the shaping of Boolean expressions, but they permit still no schematic and/or. automatic deriving from statements that . They give a guidance and determine, which shapings are permitted and which not. For instance if a logical proof is submitted, then it is possible with the help of these rules to test whether the proof is correct.

The methodical rules together it is however that they are based on law statements and thus in the long run on objectively material according-to-law connections. Thus it is guaranteed that emergency-little-proves the operations, if the necessary conditions are given demanded by them, to the goal lead. Since sentences, which describe rules, "are" often the word contain, erroneous-proves sometimes assumed, it act here over "are". Example: "if a logical proof is implemented, is to be used the deduction rules". No "being supposed" contains of this request in the sense of the logic of the imperatives. The fact that one is to offer a proof is not required in the logic and to require also not the logical rules.

Sociology and ethics

From sociological view one speaks frequently of that Reproduction of rules or and Evaluation professional procedure. The question is only, where rules come and/or. who it issues (and whether they are recognized). This question examines Jean Piaget by the example of the marble play (see: "morally the judgement with the child", first chapter). He observes children when playing and cannot only by them the rules be explained, but also from where her to come and whether they can be changed. Piaget to the problem of the attention for the group and the attention attributes the validity and observance of the rules before itself. This thought fits the sober statement still the special case of laws is well-known, which are represented as valid, without them would have to set up someone. The general custom law is after for example A priori valid for all reasonable natures.

Linguistics

In that becomes with the rule term since the following problem marks. Its understanding presupposes the figure of the competent speaker, the member of a language community is. This community has a sufficiently large vocabulary and the rules (better: Instructions) for the education of meaningful sentences. The strange at the language is now that with a finite vocabulary (between two to ten thousand words) and a finite number from grammatical regulations to the sentence formation many different sentences can be formed infinitely. Chomskys "generative transformational grammar" is now the attempt to explain how it is possible that one is as a "competent speaker" able, to judge completely unknown sentences on it whether they are meaningful or not, whereby Chomsky speaks more reservedly of "well-being figurationness". That means it that we a sentence not necessarily (immediately) to understand to have and it nevertheless as probably to judge be able. A special case of this problem is the question, how it is possible that speaking learning infant from (few) from parents belonged to sentences the implicit (active l) knowledge infers, which makes it for it possible to invent completely new sentences which correspond to the criteria of the "well-being figurationness". For the explanation of this problem the acceptance of basal universal rules is necessary, and the task of linguistics is it to describe these. Who difference between nature and culture therein sees that latter of acting humans depends and changed can, will its difficulties with insight to have that these basis rules for the production of probably-formed sentences their "users" to describe thus the competent speakers neither consciously, nor from them to be changed be able, even if linguistics should to have to be ever in the situation be, it in a language which is understandable for all. The acceptance of the existence of such universal rules leads to the term that (neutrality...)